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Fate of Nitrogen from Organic and Inorganic Sources in Rice-Wheat Rotation cropping System

Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第7期9卷 1017-1025页

作者： CHEN Yi,WU Chun-yan,TANG Xu,YANG Sheng-mao and WANG Jia-yu Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,P.R.China Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P.R. China

The lower availability of N is one of the most important limiting factors impeding crop yield enhancement among the various factors that affect crop yield under the multiple-cropping agroecosystem in China.In this study,the recovery of a single application of 15N-labeled fertilizer or residues in rice-wheat cropping system was determined,in order to provide theoretical foundation for the nitrogen management in sustainable agricultural production.A continuous trace experiment was conducted for 15N microplots by using randomized block design with four treatments and four replications（T1 = 15N-labeled fertilizer with crop residue incorporation,T2 = 15N-labeled residues,T3 = 14N fertilizer to generate unlabeled crop residue,and T4 = 15Nlabeled fertilizer without crop residue incorporation）.Our results showed that,on average,17.17 and 12.01% of crop N was derived from N fertilizer and 15N-labeled residues,respectively during the first growing season,suggesting that approximately 82.83 or 87.99% of crop N was derived directly from soil N pool.There was a larger difference in the 15N recovery pattern in crop when N was applied as fertilizer or residues,i.e.,most of crop N derived from N fertilizer was absorbed in the first growing season（92.04%）,and the relevant value was 38.03% when 15N-labeled residues were applied.This implied that most of N fertilizer was recovered in the present cropping season,while a longer residue effect will be found for 15N-labeled residues.Thus,the average recovery of N fertilizer and N residue in the soil after the first growing season was 33.46 and 85.64%,respectively.The recovery of applied N in soil when N was applied as residues was significantly higher than that when N was applied as fertilizer.There was a larger difference in the total 15N recovery in plant and soil when N was applied as fertilizer or residues.By the end of the fifth or sixth cropping season,the total 15N recovery in plant and soil when N was applied as fertilizer or residues were estimated at 64.38 and 79.11%,respecti

关键词： crop residue fertilizer fate 15N isotope nitrogen fertilizer rice field

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Effects of zero burning waste on the quality of liquid fertilizer and vermicompost

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 159-165页

作者： Adi Jaya Bambang SLautt Emmy UAntang Sosilawaty Sibot Salampak Dohong Panji Surawijaya Salundik Dohong Faculty of Agriculture The University of Palangka RayaPalangka Raya 73112Indonesia Faculty of Animal Husbandry IPB University Bogor 16680Indonesia

Peatland is an important ecosystem in Indonesia.But in almost every dry season,drained peatlands have been subject to detrimental wildfires.As a response,the government has explicitly prohibited the burning of land since 2016.To clear the land of crop residues and conduct zero burning practices,one alternative method is to utilize the waste biomass to support the cultivation of earthworms(vermiculture).This study examined the quality of liquid fertilizers and compost produced from vermiculture using a completely randomized factorial design,consisting of two treatment factors.The first factor was worm type,with two species used in this research named Lumbricus rubellus and Eudrilus eugeniae.The second factor was the type of feed provided to the worms,comprising no feed(control),vegetable waste,and crop residue waste resulting from zero burning land preparation.The type of feed significantly affected the pH value of the liquid fertilizer produced by the vermiculture but did not significantly affect the nutrient contents(N,P,and K).The combination of the types of earthworms and types of feed significantly affected the pH value of the vermicompost.The combination of worm types and feed types had a significant effect on exchangeable Ca,but not on exchangeable Mg,Na,and K.In combination,green vegetable waste and Lumbricus rubellus produced the greatest effect on soil CEC.However,for Base Saturation,the control(no food)and Eudrilus eugeniae showed the highest value.Types of worms and types of feed had a significant effect on the exchangeable Mg,while the other three parameters made no significant differences.Zero burning waste and Eudrilus eugeniae provide a better exchangeable Ca and Mg.In contrast,no-feeding and Eudrilus eugeniae have a better effect on exchangeable Na and K.Types of worms and types of feed did not significantly affect the weight of worm colonies,but the addition of feed increased the weight of worms with the highest weight resulting from the use of zero burning waste feed.The results showed that crop

关键词： liquid organic fertilizer vermicompost Lumbricus rubellus Eudrilus eugeniae zero burning waste crop residue land preparation

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Evaluating spectral indices for determining conservation and conventional tillage systems in a vetch-wheat rotation

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2016年第2期4卷 93-98页

作者： Iraj Eskandari Hosain Navid Kazem Rangzan Dryland Agricultural Research Institute Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO)Maragheh ***Iran University of Tabriz Faculty of AgricultureDepartment of Biosystem EngineeringTabrizIran Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Faculty of Earth SciencesDepartment of Remote sensing and GISAhvazIran

Conservation tillage(CT)systems,which consist of reduced and no-tillage systems,retain considerable quantities of crop residues on the soil surface.These crop residues perform as a barrier to wind and water to decrease soil erosion and evaporation.The use of remote sensing technology provides fast,objective and effective tool for estimating and measuring any agricultural event.The challenge is to differentiate the tillage systems by the crop residue cover on the soil surface.Spectrally derived normalized difference tillage index(NDTI),Shortwave infrared normalized difference residue index(SINDRI),cellulose absorption index(CAI)and Lignin-cellulose absorption index(LCA)were examined to distinguish their value as remote sensing methods for identifying crop residue cover in conventional and conservation tillage systems.Tillage treatments included conventional tillage(MD:Mouldboard plow+Disk harrow),reduced tillage(CD:Chisel plowþDisk harrow),minimum till(MT:Stubble cultivator),and no-tillage(NT_(1) and NT_(2):with standing stubble and standing stubble plus threshing residue,respectively).CAI had a linear relationship with crop residue cover,which the comparative intensity of cellulose and lignin absorption features near 2100 nm can be measure by it.Coefficients of determination(r^(2))for crop residue cover as a function of CAI and LCA were 0.89 and 0.79 respectively.Absorption specifications near 2.1 and 2.3 mm in the reflectance spectra of crop residues in minimum and no-tillage systems were related to cellulose and lignin.These specifications were not evident in the spectra of conventional tillage system.In this study the best index to use was CAI,which showed complete separation tillage systems,followed by LCA and NDTI.Four tillage intensity classes,corresponding to intensive(residue cover),reduced(10–20%cover)minimum(25–40%)and no-tillage(>60%cover)tillage,were recognized in this study.

关键词： Conservation tillage crop residue Spectral response Cellulose absorption index

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Soil physical quality as influenced by long-term fertilizer management under an intensive cropping system

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2009年第1期2卷 19-27页

作者： Du Zhangliu Liu Shufu Xiao Xiaoping Yang Guangli Ren Tusheng Department of Soil and Water Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province Changsha 410125China

In China’s major rice(Oryza sativa L.)production regions,the traditional fertilization modes are challenged by the continued decrease in manure and increase in mineral fertilizer.However,limited information exists on the influences of long-term fertilizer management on soil organic carbon(SOC)and soil physical properties under the intensive rice production system in southern China.The objective of this study was to characterize the changes of soil physical properties as related to mineral fertilizer,crop residues,and manure application based on a long-term field experiment.The experiment,initiated in 1986,has five treatments:unfertilized,mineral fertilizer alone,rice residues plus mineral fertilizer,low manure rate plus mineral fertilizer,and high manure rate plus mineral fertilizer.The cropping system consists of barley(Hordaum vulgare L.),early rice,and late rice,three crops in a year.In May 2006,after barley harvest,soil samples were collected from the 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm layers to determine SOC concentration,aggregate size distribution,bulk density(rb),saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks),and soil water characteristic curves(SWCC).The results indicated that manure significantly reducedrb,increased SOC concentration,soil aggregation,Ks,transmission and storage porosity,as well as water retention capacity.Combined application of crop residue and mineral fertilizer also improved soil physical properties,but the improvement by mineral fertilizer alone was limited.Correlation analysis demonstrated that S,the slope of the SWCC at its inflection point,was closely associated with the selected physical parameters,suggesting S was an effective parameter for soil physical quality evaluation.Nevertheless,in applying the S-theory,a unified approach to define the residual water content should be considered.

关键词： Mineral fertilizer crop residue manure soil physical quality soil water characteristic curve S-theory

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以有机肥替代化肥可减少温带农田温室气体排放量(英文)

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Science Bulletin 2015年第6期60卷 598-606页

作者：刘海涛李静李霄郑延海冯素飞蒋高明 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of crop Biology College of AgronomyShandong Agricultural University

燃烧秸秆和过量使用化肥导致大量生物质能源浪费,进而削弱了农业生态系统固碳能力.为了保证农田生态系统的固碳潜力和粮食产量,本研究组在中国东部温带农村设计了一个生态农场,将玉米秸秆粉碎后饲养肉牛,然后将牛粪腐熟后施入冬小麦-夏... 详细信息

燃烧秸秆和过量使用化肥导致大量生物质能源浪费,进而削弱了农业生态系统固碳能力.为了保证农田生态系统的固碳潜力和粮食产量,本研究组在中国东部温带农村设计了一个生态农场,将玉米秸秆粉碎后饲养肉牛,然后将牛粪腐熟后施入冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田中.设计了4种不同的有机肥和无机肥配施比例:100%有机肥、100%化肥、75%有机肥+25%化肥以及50%有机肥+50%化肥.根据政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)2006年的方法,计算了温室气体排放量.结果表明,用有机肥替代化肥可显著减少温带农田温室气体排放量.与此同时,施用有机肥还增加了土壤肥力,进而提高了小麦和玉米产量.有机肥全部替代化肥后,农田变为典型的碳库;而全部施用化肥,农田则为典型碳源.该研究可为提高农业生态系统应对气候变化提供科学依据.

关键词： crop residue Chemical fertilizer Cattle manure crop yield Greenhouse gas emissions Climate change

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A Scenario Analysis of Conservation Tillage Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics for Dryland Farming Systems of Northern China

A Scenario Analysis of Conservation Tillage Effects on Soil ...

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国际农业工程大会

作者： W.B. Hoogmoed O. Oenema U.D. Perdok Soil Technology Group Wageningen University Technotron Bornsesteeg 59 6708 PD Wageningen The Netherlands Soil Quality Group Wageningen University P.O. Box 8005 6700 EC Wageningen The Netherlands

＜正＞ Using the Century model to simulate SOC dynamics linked with measurement data from the 10y field experiments concerning residue/manure and fertilizer application for dryland corn production systems of Northern China resulted in close agreements between simulations and actual measurements. The model simulated more accurately over longer time periods when

关键词： Soil organic carbon crop residue Conservation tillage Corn Century model Dryland

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