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On the cratonization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield: Constraints from gneissic granitoids in south Eastern Desert, Egypt

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第4期12卷 215-243页

作者： Ali A.Khudeir Jean-Louis Paquette Kirsten Nicholson Åke Johansson Tyrone O.Rooney Sadiq Hamid Mohamed A.El-Fadly Loretta Corcoran Shawn J.Malone Mohamed Ali Abu El-Rus Geology Department Faculty of ScienceAssiut University71516Egypt UniversitéClermont Auvergne CNRSIRDOPGCLaboratoire Magmas et VolcansF-63000 Clermont-FerrandFrance Ball-State University Department of EnvironmentGeology and Natural Resources117 Fine Art BuildingMuncieIN 47306USA Department of Geosciences Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryBox 50007SE-10405 StockholmSweden Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Michigan-State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Notre Dame University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences156 Fitzpatrick HallNotre DameIN 46556USA

The Shaitian granite complex(SGC)spans more than 80 Ma of crustal growth in the Arabian–Nubian Shield in southeast Egypt.It is a voluminous composite intrusion(60 km2)comprising a host tonalite massif intruded by subordinate dyke-like masses of trondhjemite,granodiorite and monzogranite.The host tonalite,in turn,encloses several,fine-grained amphibolite enclaves.U-Pb zircon dating indicates a wide range of crystallization ages within the SGC(800±18Ma for tonalites;754±3.9 Ma for trondhjemite;738±3.8 Ma for granodiorite;and 717±3.2 Ma for monzogranite),suggesting crystallization of independent magma pulses.The high positiveεNdi(+6–+8)indicate that the melting sources were dominated by juvenile material without any significant input from older crust.Application of zircon saturation geothermometry indicates increasing temperatures during the generation of melts from 745±31℃ for tonalite to 810±25℃ for trondhjemite;840±10℃ for granodiorite;and 868±10℃ for monzogranite.The pressure of partial melting is loosely constrained to be below the stability of residual garnet(3 kbar for the stability of residual amphibole as inferred from the significantly lower NbN and TaN compared with LREEN and the sub-chondrite Nb/Ta ratios exhibited by the granitic phases.The inverse relation between the generation temperatures and the ages estimates of the granitoid lithologies argue against a significant role of fractional crystallization.The major and trace element contents indicate the emplacement of the SGC within a subduction zone setting.It lacks distinctive features for melt derived from a subducted slab(e.***.high Sr/Y and high(La/Yb)N ratios),and the relatively low MgO and Ni contents in all granite phases within the SGC suggest melting within the lower crust of an island arc overlying a mantlewedge.Comparisonwith melts produced during melting experiments indicates an amphibolite of basaltic composition is the best candidate as source for the tonalite,tron

关键词： Arabian-Nubian Shield(ANS) cratonization Fractional crystallization Partial melting Subduction zones Tonalite-Trondhjemite-granodiorite(TTG)

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Geochemistry of khondalites from the central portion of North China craton (NCC):implications for the continental cratonization in the Neoarchean

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Science China Earth Sciences 2000年第3期43卷 253-265页

作者：李江海钱祥麟刘树文 Department of Geology Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Within the high-grade metamorphic basement, the central portion of North China Craton (NCC), a group of Neoarchean khondalites (KS) is identified. They are characterized by large ion lithophile elements (LILE) enrichment, lower abundances of Zr, Hf and Sr. Their rare earth element (REE) distribution has significant LREE enrichment and negative Eu anomalies. The protoliths of KS are interpreted as feldspathic quartzite, shale or petite and carbonite, deposited in a shallow sea upon cratonic shelf distant from the land. KS’s source region might be dominated by granitic rocks, with a minor amount of TTG, underwent comparatively severe chemical weathering. Considering relevent tectonic constraints, we suggest that khondalites from central portion of NCC, an important metamophosed sedimentary cover, are the most significant exogenetic marker of Neoarchean continental cratonization for NCC.

关键词： khondalite series Luliang Mt. shallow sea cratonization Neoarchean.

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2.7-Ga-old mafic dike in the Trans-North China Orogen of the North China Craton and its tectonic significance

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第6期42卷 1124-1129页

作者： Haiyan Liu Chong Peng College of Geographical Sciences Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030031China Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China School of GeoSciences University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JWUK

We studied an Archean mafic dike in the TransNorth China Orogen of the North China Craton, which has a magmatic age of 2701 ± 83 Ma and is currently the oldest mafic dike in the North China Craton. Such an old dike is extremely rare in the world. The presence of mafic dikes indicates that the North China Craton was in a tensional tectonic environment at 2.7 Ga. Geochemical characteristics reveal that this mafic dike belongs to continental tholeiitic basalt. Results from Hf isotope analysis reveal that the mafic dike originates from a depleted mantle. The plate assembly in the North China landmass was realized during the Archean era(2.7 Ga), and a thick and stable continental crust was formed. Therefore, the first cratonization of the North China Craton was completed before 2.7 Ga. The intrusion of the 2.7-Ga-old mafic dike from the deep lithospheric mantle of the continent indicates that the North China Craton has undergone a period of extensional tectonic activity. This event marks a significant extensional event that occurred after the cratonization of the North China Craton.

关键词： Archean Mafic dike Trans-North China Orogen North China Craton Hf cratonization

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Discovery of Neoarchean unconformity and its implication for continental cratonization of North China craton

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Science China Earth Sciences 1999年第4期42卷 399-407页

作者：钱祥麟李江海

An ancient unconformity event is identified within the granulite-facies province of North China, which is marked by the boundary between the overlying khondalite series (KS) and the basement grey gneiss complex (BGGC). REE patterns of KS suggest that their protoliths aM mature sediments. As documented by isotopic ages and metamorphic P-T-t paths, KS is originally deposited after the basement complex formed. Furthermore, the BGGC was overprinted by the metamorphic event associated with the KS. The binary structure of KS-BGGC is well preserved in the western part of North China craton (NCC), and it is structurally truncated and overlain by the Palaeoproterozoic Wntai rift, which suggests that the unconformity occurred in the Neoarchean, and represents the major tectono-thermal episodes of the Neoarchean continental cratonization of NCC.

关键词： Neoarchean cratonization Khondalite series grey gneiss unconformity event.

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cratonization and the Ancient North China Continent:A summary and review

Cratonization and the Ancient North China Continent:A summar...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2011年度）...

作者： ZHAI MingGuo~* Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China

cratonization is a key geological process to form stable continental masses with a considerable scale.The Precambrian global cratonization and formation of supercratons in the world is an unrepeated event in the history of the Earth’s formation and evolution.Mainly based on study of early Precambrian geology in Eastern Hebei Region and combining other Archean regions in the North China Craton(NCC),the author proposes a two-stage cratonization model of the NCC.The first stage took place at the end of Neoarchean of～2.5 Ga(boundary time between Archean and Proterozoic),when several micro-blocks were amalgamated together with amphibohte-granuhte facies metamorphism and intrusion of crustal-melting granites to form the present-scale NCC.The second cratonization event is cratonic reworking,corresponding to rifting-subduction-collision at 2.3-1.97 Ga and subsequent extension-uplifting related to upwelling mantle at 1.97-1.82 Ga,which could be linked to,respectively, assembly and breaking up of the Columbia Supercontinent.Three main Paleoproterozoic mobile belts in the NCC record that small remnant Neoarchean ocean basins and continental rift basins within the craton were opened and finally closed, and metamorphosed to greenschist-amphibolite facies at～2.0-1.97 Ga.After that,high-grade granulite facies(HT-HP and HT-UHT) metamorphism with abnormally high heat occurred at 1.97-1.82 Ga.A metamorphism-migmatization event that includes lower crust of the NCC uplifting as a whole,intrusion of mafic dyke swarms,continental rifting and anorogenic magmatic action took place in 1.82-1.65 Ga,marking that the second cratonization of the NCC was finally accomplished and started to evolve to a period of stable continent(platform).

关键词： cratonization North China ancient continent

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Major Advances in the Study of the Precambrian Geology and Metallogenesis of the North China Craton:A Review

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第4期90卷 1122-1155页

作者： ZHAO Lei ZHU Xiyan ZHAI Mingguo State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The North China Craton （NCC） is one of the most ancient cratons in the world and records a complex geological evolution since the early Precambrian. In addition to recording major geological events similar to those of other cratons, the NCC also exhibits some unique features such as multi- stage cratonization （late Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic） and long-term rifting during the Meso- Neoproterozoic. The NCC thus provides one of the best examples to address secular changes in geological history and metallogenic epochs in the evolving Earth. We summarize the major geological events and metallogenic systems of the NCC, so that the evolutionary patterns of the NCC can provide a better understanding of the Precambrian NCC and facilitate comparison of the NCC with other ancient continental blocks globally. The NCC experienced three major tectonic cycles during the Precambrian：（1） Neoarchaean crustal growth and stabilization; （2） Palaeoproterozoic rifting-subduction-accretion-collision with imprints of the Great Oxidation Event and （3） Meso-Neoproterozoic multi-stage rifting. A transition from primitive- to modern-style plate tectonics occurred during the early Precambrian to late Proterozoic and is evidenced by the major geological events. Accompanying these major geological events, three major metallogenic systems are identified：（1） the Archaean banded iron formation system; （2） Palaeoproterozoic Cu-Pb-Zn and Mg-B systems and （3） a Mesoproterozoic rare earth element-Fe- Pb-Zn system. The ore-deposit types in each of these metallogenic systems show distinct characteristics and tectonic affinities.

关键词： North China Craton geological events metallogenesis cratonization multi-stage rifting

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When will it end? Long-lived intracontinental reactivation in central Australia

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 149-164页

作者： Raphael Quentin de Gromard Christopher L.Kirkland Heather M.Howard Michael T.D.Wingate Fred Jourdan Brent I.A.Mc Innes Martin Danisik Noreen J.Evans Bradley J.McDonald R.Hugh Smithies Geological Survey of Western Australia Department of Mines Industry Regulation and Safety School of Earth and Planetary Science/John de Laeter Centre/TIGeR Curtin University

The post-Mesoproterozoic tectonometamorphic history of the Musgrave Province, central Australia, has previously been solely attributed to intracontinental compressional deformation during the 580 -520 Ma Petermann Orogeny. However, our new structurally controlled multi-mineral geochronology results,from two north-trending transects, indicate protracted reactivation of the Australian continental interior over ca. 715 million years. The earliest events are identified in the hinterland of the orogen along the western transect. The first tectonothermal event, at ca. 715 Ma, is indicated by40 Ar/39 Ar muscovite and U e Pb titanite ages. Another previously unrecognised tectonometamorphic event is dated at ca. 630 Ma by Ue Pb analyses of metamorphic zircon rims. This event was followed by continuous cooling and exhumation of the hinterland and core of the orogen along numerous faults, including the Woodroffe Thrust,from ca. 625 Ma to 565 Ma as indicated by muscovite, biotite, and hornblende40 Ar/39 Ar cooling ages. We therefore propose that the Petermann Orogeny commenced as early as ca. 630 Ma. Along the eastern transect,40 Ar/39 Ar muscovite and zircon(Ue Th)/He data indicate exhumation of the foreland fold and thrust system to shallow crustal levels between ca. 550 Ma and 520 Ma, while the core of the orogen was undergoing exhumation to mid-crustal levels and cooling below 600-660℃. Subsequent cooling to 150 -220℃ of the core of the orogen occurred between ca. 480 Ma and 400 Ma(zircon [Ue Th]/He data)during reactivation of the Woodroffe Thrust, coincident with the 450 -300 Ma Alice Springs Orogeny.Exhumation of the footwall of the Woodroffe Thrust to shallow depths occurred at ca. 200 Ma. More recent tectonic activity is also evident as on the 21 May, 2016(Sydney date), a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurred, and the resolved focal mechanism indicates that compressive stress and exhumation along the Woodroffe Thrust is continuing to the present day. Overall, these results demonstrate repeated amagmatic reactivation of t

关键词： Intracontinental deformation Thermochronology Petermann orogen Musgrave Province Plate tectonics cratonization

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Ca.2.5 billion year old coeval ultramafic-mafic and syenitic dykes in Eastern Hebei:Implications for cratonization of the North China Craton

Ca.2.5 billion year old coeval ultramafic-mafic and syenitic...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2010年度)学...

作者： Tiesheng Li~(a,b),Mingguo Zhai~(a,b,*),Peng Peng~(a,b),Liang Chen~(c,a),Jinghui Guo~(a,b) a Institute of Geology and Geophysics,and Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,P.O.Box 9825,Beijing 100029,China b Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China c Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi’an,China

A group of extremely rare coeval ultramafic-mafic and syenitic dykes was discovered in the Eastern Hebei region of the North China Craton.These dykes intrude the 3.8-2.55 Ga old Caozhuang complex.An olivine gabbro dyke and syenite dyke yield,respectively,SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages of 2516±26 Ma and 2504±11 Ma,interpreted as the magmatic crystallization age.Their zircons have single-stage Hf model ages 2677 Ma and 2705 Ma.The olivine gabbros have Mg values of 59-63,similar to high-magnesian tholeiitic basalt.They show relatively LREE-enriched patterns without Eu anomalies(La/Yb = 9.28-9.78, Gd/Yb = 2.8,δEu = 0.96-1.00),with enrichment in LILEs and depletion in HFSEs.They also contain high Cr and Ni,and have Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios similar to those of the primitive mantle.The syenites are alkaline in composition,with 8.67-8.88 wt.%NaO + KO,and show high total REE contents(543-854ppm) and strong LREE-enriched patterns with minor Eu negative anomalies(La/Yb = 50-101,Gd/Yb = 5.2-5.3,δEu = 0.80-0.82).Trace element diagrams show strong LILE-enrichment relative to HFSE.Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios are 47-49 and 26-76,respectively,which are much higher than those of primitive mantle and higher than the average Nb/Ta ratio of post-Archean continental crust.The petrological and geochemical features indicate that these dykes were derived from a deep subcontinental lithospheric mantle source,which implies that the NCC probably had continental crust of considerable thickness at this time.Combined with evidence for～2.5 Ga granite intrusion and metamorphism in the Eastern Hebei region and adjacent areas,we propose that the NCC has been a present scale craton at the end of Archean.

关键词： Ultramafic-mafic and syenitic dykes 2.5 Ga age cratonization Between Archean/Proterozoic boundary

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Ziron U-Pb ages and geochemistry of the Qinglong volcano-sedimentary rock series in Eastern Hebei:Implication for ～2500 Ma intra-continental rifting in the North China Craton

Ziron U-Pb ages and geochemistry of the Qinglong volcano-sed...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2012年度（第12届）...

作者： Bin Lv Mingguo Zhai Tiesheng Li Peng Peng Key Laboratory of Mineral Resource Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Voluminous Archean rocks(including orthogneisses and supracrustal rocks) are exposed in Eastern Hebei,northern part of the North China Craton(NCC),and nearly all of these Archean rocks have experienced high-grade metamorphism of granulite-facies or upper amphibolite fades from 2.54 Ga to 2.52 Ga. The Qinglong area of the eastern part of Hebei Province has a set of low-grade(greenschist- to lower amphibolite-facies) supracrustal rocks,e.g.,the Qinglong volcano-sedimentary rock series(QVRS),unconformably overlying on the high-grade metamorphosed Qianxi Complex.Zircons yield a weighted mean Pb/Pb age of 2511±12 Ma meta-felsic volcanic rocks and 2503±13 Ma meta-basic volcanic rocks. These ages indicate that the QVRS formed during the period from 2511 Ma to 2503 Ma.The meta-felsic volcanic rocks display low MgO(0.96-2.67 wt.%),Cr(50.90-87.10 ppm),and Ni(2.78-6.18 ppm)contents, and low Nb/Ta ratios(13.56-14.54),and high light rare earth elements(LREEs)((La/Yb) = 14.75-22.04), which are interpreted to have been produced by the partial melting of the lower crust.The meta-basic volcanic rocks(low-grade amphibolites) have abundance levels from 3.86 wt.%to 7.74 wt.%of MgO,and from 46.11 wt.%to 51.99 wt.%of SiO.They are enriched in LREEs and depleted in high field strength elements(HFSEs) with positiveε(t) values(+2.6 to +2.9).The volcanic rocks in the QVRS show bimodal compositions.Theε(t)(t=2511 Ma) values of amphibolite range from -4.7 to +5.7,and their single-stage Hf model ages vary from 2622 Ma to 3030 Ma(peak at 2835 Ma).For the meta-felsic volcanic rocks, theε(t) values range from -3.2 to +5 with two-stage model ages changing from 2683 Ma to 3180 Ma (peak at 2872 Ma).The QVRS is proposed to have formed during an intra-continent rift at 2500 Ma,after the regional high-grade metamorphism from 2.52 Ga to 2.54 Ga.The QVRS probably formed during an inira-continental rift,as a part of the late Neoarchean cover of the NCC.

关键词： North China Craton Qinglong volcano-sedimentary rock series Neoarchean Intra-continental rift cratonization

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