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covariation of mutation pairs expressed in HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase genes subjected to varying treatments

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2010年第3期3卷 291-299页

作者： David King Roger Cherry Wei Hu 不详

A previous study, focused on the correlation of muta-tion pairs of synonymous (S) and asynonymous (A) mutations, distinguished only between the treated and untreated data of protease and reverse tran-scriptase (RT) of HIV-1 subtype B. It is well known that single mutation patterns in HIV-1 are treat-ment-specific. It logically follows that covariation between mutations will also be treatment specific. Thus, our motivation is to give a more in depth study of the covariation between mutation pairs, analyzing not only treated and untreated, but what specific treatments were used, and how they affected the co-variation between the mutations differently. We in-tended to further deepen this study by analyzing the covariation of mutations in protease and RT in dif-ferent subtypes of HIV-1. We found that virus sam-ples subjected to antiretroviral Protease- and RT- inhibitors do show different patterns of mutation covariation in B-subtype protease and RT of HIV-1, while maintaining the same overall trend. covariation will tend to be higher and more distinct from and covariation after treatment. The same trend continues in protease and RT re-gardless of subtype. We also found the highly cova-ried codon positions, position pairs, and position- covariation clusters in protease, affected by different treatments. Most of them are well known major drug-resistance sites for these treatments.

关键词： HIV covariation Synonymous Mutation Asynonymous Mutation Protease Reverse Transcriptase Drug Resistance

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New HB-weighted time delay estimation algorithm under impulsive noise environment

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2008年第6期19卷 1102-1108页

作者： Sun Yongmei Qiu Tianshuang School of Electronic and Information Engineering Dalian Univ. of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China School of Electric and Information Engineering Dalian Jiaotong Univ. Dalian 116028 P. R. China

The traditional HB-weighted time-delay estimation （TDE） method degenerates under the impulsive noise environment. Two new time-delay estimation methods are proposed based on fractional lower order statistics （FLOS） according to the impulsive characteristics of fractional lower order α-stable noises. Theoretic analysis and computer simulations indicate that the proposed covariation based HB weighted （COV-HB） algorithm can suppress impulsive noises in one received signal for 1 ≤α≤ 2, whereas the other proposed fractional lower order eovariancebased HB weighted （FLOC-HB） algorithm has robust performance under arbitrary impulsive noise conditions for the whole range of 0 〈α≤ 2.

关键词： HB weighted time delay covariation fractional lower order covariance.

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Variation in plant diversity and dominance across dune fixation stages in the Chinese steppe zone

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第3期5卷 313-319页

作者： Jianjiang Qiao Weiwei Zhao Xiufang Xie Guofang Liu Xuehua Ye Yu Chu Hui He Ming Dong State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences YuquanluBeijing 100049China Kangbashi New District Bureau of Parks and Woods Ordos 017000China Inner Mongolia Research Center for Prataculture Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Aims Our aim was to study how diversity and dominance of plant species and plant functional types(PFTs)change and covary across three dune fixation stages in the Chinese steppe *** In the Chinese steppe zone,we measured coverage,mean height and density of each plant species in three types of dunes(mobile,semi-fixed and fixed dunes)in four sites(Mu Us,Otindag,Hulunbeir and Horqin).Plant species were grouped into 24 PFTs according to their lifespan,photosynthetic pathway,reproductive mode and life *** of each plant species and PFT were determined,and species diversity and PFT diversity were quantified using Shannon–Wiener *** Findings PFT diversity was positively related to plant species diversity in each dune stage,but PFT diversity increased more with increasing plant species diversity in the mobile and semi-fixed dunes than in the fixed *** fixation stage explained 87.2%of the variation in plant species diversity and 84.8%of the variation in PFT *** species and PFTs differed among the three dune fixation stages;the more fixed the dunes were,the more perennial,shrubby,clonal and C3 species ***,in mobile dunes annual C4 non-clonal herbs were the most dominant,and in semi-fixed and fixed dunes perennial C3 clonal shrubs were most dominant.

关键词： PFT diversity semi-arid area vegetation covariation species replacement

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Novel Approaches for DOA Estimation of Coherent Sources in the Presence of Impulsive Noise

Novel Approaches for DOA Estimation of Coherent Sources in t...

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2006 CIE International Conference on Radar

作者： Hongsheng Li 1 You He 1 Hong Wang 2 Rijie Yang 1 1 Research Institute of Information Fusion Naval Aeronautical Engineering Institute Yantai 264001 China 2 Shanghai Research Institute of Microwave Equipment Shanghai 201802 China

This paper is concerned with the direction of arrival （DOA） estimation of coherent sources in impulse noise fields modeled as symmetric α stable （SαS） *** covariation （ROC） based MUSIC and Fractional lower moment （FLOM） based MUSIC cannot be used to estimate the DOA under these *** forwardbackward smoothing （FBS）-covariation matrices and FBSFLOM matrices are first defined by applying the spatial smoothing idea to covariation matrices and FLOM *** novel algorithms based on FBS-covariation matrices and FBS-FLOM matrices are presented in the *** analysis shows that noise subspace can be estimated by the eigen-decomposition of FBS covariation matrices and FBS-FLOM matrices so as to estimate the DOA of coherent sources in impulse ***,performance of two new algorithms is analyzed by *** simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed methods.

关键词： coherent sources symmetric alpha stable distribution covariation fractional lower moment direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation

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