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The Use of Hydrogen as a Fuel for Inland Waterway Units

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014年第2期13卷 212-217页

作者： M. Morsy El Gohary Yousri M. A. Welaya AmrAbdelwahabSaad Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Faculty of Engineering Alexandria University Egypt Marine Engineering Department Faculty of Maritime Studies King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is. discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.

关键词： sustainable alternative energy sources hydrogen fuel hydrogen properties hydrogen production hydrogen storage costanalysis inland waterway units

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Reverse-total shoulder arthroplasty cost-effectiveness:A quality-adjusted life years comparison with total hip arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第2期7卷 123-127页

作者： Daniel Bachman John Nyland Ryan Krupp Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Louisville Athletic Training Program Kosair Charities College of Health and Natural SciencesSpalding University Norton Orthopaedic and Sports

AIM:To compare reverse-total shoulder arthroplasty(RSA)cost-effectiveness with total hip arthroplasty ***:This study used a stochastic model and decision-making algorithm to compare the costeffectiveness of RSA and total hip *** patients underwent pre-operative,and 3,6,and 12 mo post-operative clinical examinations and Short Form-36 Health Survey *** form-36 Health Survey subscale scores were converted to EuroQ ual Group Five Dimension Health Outcome scores and compared with historical data from age-matched patients who had undergone total hip ***-adjusted life year(QALY)improvements based on life expectancies were ***:The cost/QALY was $3900 for total hip arthroplasty and $11100 for *** adjusting the model to only include shoulder-specific physical function subscale items,the RSA QALY improved to 2.8years,and its cost/QALY decreased to $***:Based on industry accepted standards,cost/QALY estimates supported both RSA and total hip arthroplasty *** total hip arthroplasty remains the quality of life improvement "gold standard" among arthroplasty procedures,cost/QALY estimates identified in this study support the growing use of RSA to improve patient quality of life.

关键词： Quality of life Arthroplasty Shoulder costanalysis

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