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Cost-Benefit Assessment of Inspection and Repair Planning for Ship Structures Considering Corrosion Model Uncertainty

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China Ocean Engineering 2005年第3期19卷 409-420页

作者：李典庆唐文勇张圣坤 State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 ChinaSchool of Naval Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200030 China School of Naval Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200030 China

Owing to high costs and unnecessary inspections necessitated by the traditional inspection planning for ship structures, the risk-based inspection and repair planning should be investigated for the most cost-effective inspection. This paper aims to propose a Cost-Benefit assessment model of risk-based inspection and repair planning for ship structures subjected to corrosion deterioration. Then, the benefit-cost ratio is taken to be an index for the selection of the optimal inspection and repair strategy. The planning problem is formulated as an optimization problem where the benefit-cost ratio for the expected lifetime is maximized with a constraint on the minimum acceptalbe reliability index. To account for the effect of corrosion model uncertainty on the Cost-Benefit assessment, two corrosion models, namgly, Paik＇ s model and Guedes Soares＇ model, are adopted for analysis. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposed method. Sensitivity studies are also providet. The results indicate that the proposed method of risk-based Cost-Benefit analysis can effectively integrate the economy with reliability of the inspection and repair planning. A balance can be achieved between the risk cost and total expected inspection and repair costs with the proposed method, which is very. effective in selecting the optimal inspection and repair strategy. It is pointed out that the corrosion model uncertainty and parametric uncertaintg have a significant impact on the Cost-Benefit assessment of inspection and repair planning.

关键词： ship structures inspection and repair planning Cost-Benefit model uncertainty

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cost benefit analysis of the use of tranexamic acid in primary lower limb arthroplasty: A retrospective cohort study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第11期6卷 977-982页

作者： Niall P McGoldrick Eabhann M O'Connor Nikos Davarinos Rose Galvin John F Quinlan Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Tallaght Hospital Department of Clinical Therapies University of Limerick

AIM: To examine the cost benefit conferred by the perioperative administration of intravenous tranexamic acid(TXA) in lower limb arthroplasty.METHODS: This study evaluates the use of TXA in 200 consecutive lower limb arthroplasties performed in a single surgeon series. The initial 100 patients(control group) underwent surgery without perioperative administration of TXA while the subsequent 100 patients(TXA group) all received 1 g TXA at the time of induction of anaesthesia. Pre- and post-operative haemoglobin, platelet count, haematocrit, the use of blood product post-operatively, length of stay were examined. A financial analysis of both groups was then undertaken. RESULTS: The mean age of patients in both groups was 63 ± 13 years. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of gender(P = 0.47), proportion of total hip replacement to total knee replacement(P = 0.25) or pre-operative haemoglobin(P = 0.43). In the control group, the transfusion rate was 22%. In the TXA group, the transfusion rate dropped to 2%(P cost of transfused blood products was €11055 and €603 respectively. The mean length of stay in the control group was 6.53 ± 5.93 d vs 5.47 ± 4.26 d in the TXA group(P = 0.15) leading to an estimated financial saving of €114586. There was one pulmonary embolus in the control group and one deep venous thrombosis in the TXA group.CONCLUSION: Intravenous TXA reduces blood loss in lower limb arthroplasty. This leads to lower transfusion rates, shorter length of stay in hospital and significant financial savings.

关键词： Arthroplasty Hip Knee Tranexamic acid Cost-Benefit analysis

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Comparative cost benefit Analysis of Different Solid Waste Management Scenarios in Basrah, Iraq

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第5期2卷 555-563页

作者： Sherien Elagroudy Tamer Elkady Fikry Ghobrial Sanitary and Environmental Section Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Solid Waste Management (SWM) system in Basrah has deteriorated recently to the point that only limited waste collection is undertaken in certain urban areas and disposal is largely to uncontrolled dump sites. In this study, the technical, economical, and environmental aspects of three SWM scenarios were investigated aiming to compare the scenarios and select the most appropriate one for implementation. Scenario 1 was to consider waste disposal into a sanitary landfill. Scenario 2 added waste transportation to transfer station before disposal to a sanitary landfill. Scenario 3 considered waste sorting, recycling and composting followed by landfill disposal in an integrated treatment disposal facility. The current open dumping practice was considered as the baseline scenario. According to economic analysis, the benefits from the revenues of selling the produced recyclables and compost did not improve the ranking of scenario 3. However, scenario 3 has gained positive recognition due to the environmental benefits of waste recycling. Therefore, final recommendations were in favour of scenario 3, which has been approved by the UNICEF, as well. Currently the recommended scenario is under implementation in Basrah, Iraq.

关键词： Cost-Benefit Analysis Environmental Analysis Economical cost Integrated SWM Plan

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Evaluating and Improving the Effectiveness of Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Programs: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Framework

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第12期8卷 1541-1566页

作者： Ying Li Department of Environmental Health College of Public Health East Tennessee State University Johnson City USA

Motor vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs are designed to identify high-emitting vehicles and mitigate their impacts on air quality and climate. I/M programs have been traditionally ranked superior among various vehicle emission control measures by the results of Cost-Benefit analysis, based on the assumption that these programs will achieve the targeted emission reduction outcomes. However, the actual effects of I/M programs may be greatly uncertain and when this uncertainty is taken into account, these programs may become suboptimal. This study develops a new a Cost-Benefit analysis framework that links various program design consideration, such as program participation rate, identification rate and effective repair rate, to the public health benefits as well as costs of the programs. This framework helps decision makers to investigate minimum implementation requirements that at least ensure the benefits are greater than the costs of implementing the programs in order to improve the overall effectiveness of the I/M programs. To illustrate the applications of the framework, it was applied to a particulate matter oriented I/M program targeting all diesel-fueled vehicles in the city of Bangkok, Thailand, a large metropolitan area that has been suffering from severe ambient PM pollution mainly attributable to its wide use of diesel-fueled vehicles and motorcycles. It was found that the health benefits achieved from the program are sensitive to several key program design elements, including participation rate and problem vehicle identification rate, fraction of effective repairs and illegal operation rate. Other variables, such as the testing cut-points and vehicle population growth rate, only have modest effects on the overall emission reduction and consequent health benefits. Overall, the performance of multiple variables associated with I/M program design needs to be improved simultaneous in order to achieve the targeted benefits of the program.

关键词： Inspection and Maintenance Programs Cost-Benefit Analysis Effectiveness Program Design

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A Cost-Benefit Evaluation of the Air Quality and Health Impacts in Sao Paulo,Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第9期3卷 1161-1166页

作者： Diego Velloso Veronez Luiz Alexandre Kulay Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia Purchasing Department Lear Corporation CacapavaBrazil Escola Politecnica Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao PauloBrazil Earth and Exact Sciences Departament Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo—UNIFESPDiademaBrazil

The objective was to assess the impact on health due to the exposure to air pollution derived from the renewal of the urban bus fleet in S?o Paulo. The study analyzed the substitution of the bus fleet through the variation of the concentration of atmospheric pollutants such as PM10 in the municipality of S?o Paulo and its associated health’s benefits values compared to the investments performed in the bus fleet renewal. PM10 average annual reduction due to the bus improvement system resulted on 22.3%. A Cost-Benefit evaluation considered the renewal investments’ costs compared to the obtained valued health benefits and it resulted in 4.31. Although the result may suggest a not viable investment, it must be observed that air pollution reduction favors health impacts and that this relation could be improved if additional investments on sustainable transportation increase.

关键词： Air Quality Cost-Benefit Health Impacts Transportation Sao Paulo Brazil

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Study on cost of Environmental Degradation Based on Cost-Benefit Analysis

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Asian Agricultural Research 2019年第6期11卷 1-4页

作者： Xu FANG Jiaming ZHU Penghui YANG Anhui University of Finance and Economics

With the rapid economic development of China,the environmental degradation brought by economic development cannot be ignored.In order to measure the cost of environmental degradation brought by land projects in the process of economic development and evaluate a land project,this paper establishes an ecological service evaluation model based on Cost-Benefit method to analyze the cost and benefit of land development projects from a new perspective,and explore effective strategies to alleviate environmental degradation.

关键词： Environmental degradation Land development Cost-Benefit analysis Ecological service assessment

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Cost-Benefit analysis of screening for diabetic retinopathy among Chinese type 2 diabetes: decision from different perspectives of a population-based study

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Health 2009年第4期1卷 304-312页

作者： Ching-Ching Peng Pesus Chou Tao-Hsin Tung Wu-Hsiung Chien Fenq-Lih Lee Shih-Jen Chen Shih-Tzer Tsai Chi-Ming Liu Jorn-Hon Liu 不详

The purpose of this study is to explore whether it is worthwhile to launch a routine diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening for blindness pre-vention among Chinese type 2 diabetes from different perspective based on the popula-tion-based study in Kinmen, Taiwan. A total of 971 community dwelling adults previously di-agnosed with type 2 diabetes in 1991-1993 un-derwent DR screening in 1999-2002 by a panel of ophthalmologists using on-site indirect oph-thalmoscopy and 45-degree color fundus retinal photographs. The Cost-Benefit analysis is used to evaluate the DR screening. In terms of bene-fit-cost ratio, the different screening programs for DR could save New Taiwan Dollars (NTD) from 14.38 to 36.83 in discounted costs for each dollar incurred in different screening years from the societal viewpoint for Taiwan and save NTD from 0.81 to 1.80 in different screening years from health care payer’s perspective. The av-erage estimate of willingness-to-pay to translate into benefit yields NTD from 937.8 to 4,689 be- nefits per case due to DR screening in different screening years during 10-year follow-up. The net present value of the DR screening were NTD from -167,318 to -307,251.2 in different screening years. In conclusion, it is worthwhile to initial a routine DR screening of Chinese type 2 diabetes for blindness prevention from the societal per-spective but not from consumer decision based on the willingness-to-pay perspective.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes Diabetic Retinopathy Cost-Benefit Analysis Population-Based Study

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Cost-Benefit Analysis of Chestnut Production in Xingtai County

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Asian Agricultural Research 2014年第4期6卷 33-37页

作者： Yuji JIN Agricultural College Yanbian University

On the basis of market demand survey of chestnut,this article carries out Cost-Benefit analysis of the chestnut production in Xingtai County,to understand the profitability and payback period of local chestnut production.It points out that chestnut production has a high rate of return on investment,and chestnut can be promoted on a large scale in Xingtai County.However,there are still some problems in the production and marketing of chestnut in Xingtai County,such as low level of technology,extensive management,low level of organization,market imperfections and weak brand consciousness.Based on these problems,corresponding recommendations are put forth.

关键词： Chestnut Cost-Benefit analysis Xingtai County

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The Cost-Benefit Analysis for Bananas Diversity Production in China Foc. Zones

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第4期2卷 561-568页

作者： Linbing Xu Bingzhi Huang Yuanli Wu Yonghong Huang Tao Dong 不详

Over 50 years ago, banana export plantations in Panama were ruined by Fusarium wilt race 1 (Foc. R1) since the popular cultivar Gros Michel is susceptible to Foc. R1 [1]. Fortunately, the resistant cultivar Cavendish replaced Gros Michel as the world biggest commercial fruit after ten years’ research and development. Due to its good economic profit, banana industry develops very fast recently in China. Unfortunately, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (TR4) brought disaster to Cavendish plantation since 1996. Most of traditional banana planting zones of Guangdong and Hainan provinces were infected by Foc. TR4 to the end of 2009. In order to fight against Foc. TR4, here we tried to investigate the Cost-Benefit and disease resistance of six banana cultivars (Cavendish Baxijiao, Dajiao, Guangfen No. 1, Fenzha No. 1, Gongjiao, Haigongjiao) planted in China Foc. Zones. Comparisons were conducted on their economic characteristics, cost, benefit, as well as the advantage and disadvantage and their application in rota-tion. Generally, supposing the investment of $ 4400/ha, the banana plantation attains a good economic profit as $ 2200/ha. Rotation of these cultivars can maintain the biodiversity as well as improve the sustainable development of banana industry.

关键词： Banana Diversity Foc. TR 4 Zone Cost-Benefit Disease Resistance

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A Cost-Benefit EVALUATION OF NEONATAL SCREENING PROGRAM IN CHINA

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Medical Bulletin of Shanghai Jiaotong University 1998年第Z1期19卷 19-23页

作者：顾学范叶军王家军程晓明

Objective Phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) are common diseases thatare associated with mental retardation. In order to make the best use of health care resources to achieve themaximum social and economic benefits and to lay the foundation for the popularization of neonatal screening, acost- benefit analysis of neonatal screening program was undertaken. Methods Based on screening results,medical history and the data published by the national statistic departments. Results Our result shows that it islairly profitable to conduct neonatal screening in China: the cost - benejit ratio for PKU screenging is 1:3.7, andthe Cost-Benefit ratio for CH screening is 1:3.6. Conclusion This report therefore strongly suPPorts furtherpopularization of neonatal screening in China.

关键词： neonatal screening health care economic Cost-Benefit

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