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The Sacred Principle of Contract and the Tradition of University Autonomy——Dartmouth College v. Woodward(1819)

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The Sacred Principle of Contract and the Tradition of Univer...

Adapting Business of Energy corporations to Macro-Policies Aiming at a Sustainable Economy. The Case for New Powering of Automobiles

2024社会发展与科技创新交流会

作者： Yuting Jiang Dalian Maritime University Law School

Dartmouth College v. Woodward is a classic case, in the world of education has a huge impact. This paper will analyze the key issues involved in this case from multiple dimensions, such as theoretical analysis of this case,comparison with other cases, and the difference between American law and Chinese law that can be obtained from this case, so as to provide thinking and experience for education and law in the Asia-Pacific region.

关键词： Dartmouth College contract corporation autonomy

来源： cnki会议评论

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Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第1期5卷 92-108页

作者： Jose M. “Chema” Martinez-Val Piera Alfonso Maldonado-Zamora Ramon Rodríguez Pons-Esparver ETSI Minas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain

A portfolio of new energy technologies has emerged in the first decade of the 21st Century, and many of them could be used for re-structuring the energy sector towards Sustainable Development. A key subject in this quest is the future of automobile, with possibilities on powering ranging from biofuels to Hydrogen Cars (HC), to Electric Vehicles (EV). In turn, the latter is closely connected with the need to deploy Renewable Energies (RE) for electricity generation. Within such new situation, countries and governments are aware that there are new tools for fighting Global Warming (GW), and new policies could be established for winning this battle against CO2. All these initiatives will affect the future of energy corporations, notably hydrocarbon companies;and it should be noted that it will be difficult for the companies to define long-term strategies if energy policies convey upheavals, sudden changes in promoting alternatives and interruptions on activities. Hence, it is very important to adopt energy policies allowing a smooth evolution of the companies’ activities to the new energy model. After analyzing the alternatives with a forecasting-backcasting methodology, an “eclectic approach” is proposed, with the Plug-in Hybrid car with Flexible Fuel (PiHFF) as the central paradigm in the coming promoting policies.

关键词： Sustainable Energy Policies Electric Vehicles corporation Adaptation

Feature analysis on US military aircraft engine advanced technology programs

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航空动力学报 2014年第7期29卷 1701-1709页

作者： LIANG Chun-hua SUN Ming-xia LIU Hong-xia Shenyang Engine Design and Research Institute Aviation Industry Corporation of China

US military aircraft engine advanced technology programs were overviewed and analyzed from light weight gas generator(LWGG)program initiated in 1960 sthrough integrated high performance turbine engine technology(IHPTET)program started in 1980 s,then to versatile affordable advanced turbine engine(VAATE)*** features and trends were summarized and concluded by literature statistics method,such as teams based on closely corporation among government,industries and academics,goals oriented with national defence strategies and weapon system development requirements,engineering manufacture and development including all relative disciplines and areas,verification measured by technology readiness level,the application extending to military aircraft engine,civilian engine,gas turbine and space vehicle,*** experience and lessons obtained can provide reference and guide for technology research and engineering manufacture and development of military aircraft engines in the world.

关键词： aircraft engine military aircraft engine advanced technology program technology corporation multi-discipline development technology verification

Experimental production of penicillin in Kunming in the early 1940s

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Protein & Cell 2013年第5期4卷 323-324页

作者： Dingding Xu Institute for the History of Natural Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100010China

In 1928,Sir Alexander Fleming made the profound discovery of *** approximately 10 years,the Oxford team,including Sir Howard Florey,Professor Ernst Chain,and their assistants,made progress in the methods of penicillin production,especially in extraction,purifi cation,and *** then published their research in detail in The Lancet on August 16,*** by the Luftwaffe bombings,Florey came to the United States to seek opportunities for the mass production of *** of the possible massive usage of penicillin during the war,the Committee of Medical Research of the *** organized research institutes(e.g.,North Region Research Laboratory)and pharmaceutical corporations(e.g.,Merck,Squibb,and Pfi zer)to study and produce penicillin in an industrial scale.

关键词： corporation Merck massive

Cell Therapy: Pharmacological Intervention Enters a Third Era

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Engineering 2019年第1期5卷 5-9页

作者： Wei He Professor MD Chairman of the Department of Immunology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College China

On August 30, 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a news statement on its website titled ‘‘FDA approval brings first gene therapy to the United States”[1]. The article disclosed the use of FDA-approved Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel), a cell-based gene therapy developed by Novartis Pharmaceuticals corporation, for certain pediatric and young adult patients with refractory or relapse acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). ALL is a cancer of the bone marrow and blood, which progresses quickly and is the most common childhood cancer in the United States. Kymriah, which is a genetically modified autologous T cell immunotherapy, is approved for use in those up to 25 years of age with B cell precursor ALL. The individual patient’s own T cells are genetically modified with a new gene that contains a specific protein (chimeric antigen receptor, CAR) directing the T cells to target and kill leukemia cells with a specific antigen (cluster of differentiation 19, i.e. CD19) on the surface. In fact, Kymriah represents a kind of adoptive cellular immunotherapy using geneengineered T cells.“We’re entering a new frontier in medical innovation with the ability to reprogram a patient’s own cells to attack a deadly cancer,” said FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, MD. From a historic point of view, cell therapy—or, more accurately, cellbased gene therapy—represents an important marker indicating that pharmacological disease intervention has entered a new era. The first era of disease intervention by drugs was based on chemical medicine, and the second era was based on biological drugs. Now the third era has arrived: cell therapy. This article outlines the historical progress and characteristics of three eras of pharmacological disease intervention, and analyzes the prospects for cell therapy.

关键词： Drug Administration Pharmaceuticals corporation historical progress

Studies of world carbon fiber industry from a perspective of patent analysis

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High Technology Letters 2016年第3期22卷 313-320页

作者：郑佳 Yuan Xuemin Zhang Zeyu Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China Beijing 100038 P. R. China Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of Gansu Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China

Patents are the manifestation of the industry R&D endeavor; therefore,World carbon fiber industry from the perspective of patent analysis is studied. Findings from the analysis show a continual increase of carbon fibers patents since 1969,and the growth rate began even faster after the year of 2005. Five countries( Japan,China,US,Germany and Korea) took dominant positions in global carbon fibers R&D,and the sum of patents applied in these five countries accounted for 80% of the total patents in the world. corporations do play an active role in global carbon fibers R&D,and over 60% of patents were applied by corporations. Among them,the top 3 corporations were all from Japan,which had much more patents than the other patent assignees. Furthermore,most corporations were not active in cooperation with others,except Toyota Motor Corp. Global carbon fibers R&D focused on sheet manufacture cloth,core wire layer,heat connect provide and filter activated *** there is big difference between Japan and China in the R&D focus. China's corporations have exhibited rapid growth in the number of patent applications in recent years,but there is still a large gap between China and foreign countries in view of global patent layout and influence. By providing the insight into the evolution of global carbon fibers industrial and technological development through the perspective of patent analysis,this study hopes to provide an objective statistic reference for future policy directions and academic researches.

关键词： carbon fiber world patent analysis Japan China corporation

Introduction to the Special Issue on New Trends in Statistical Computing and Data Science

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第8期136卷 981-983页

作者： Christophe Chesneau Hassan Doosti Department of Mathematics LMNOUniversity of CaenCaen14032France School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydney2109Australia

The interface between computer science and statistics has developed considerably in recent years,with exponential progress in the fields of data analysis,stochastic modeling,machine learning,econometrics,simulation,algorithms,classification,and *** discoveries in this field appear every day,opening new scientific horizons for the modern *** is especially true in the post-2020 period,with the treatment of large volumes of data that feed the daily operations of large corporations,as well as the development of artificial intelligence,including advanced machine learning techniques,particularly“deep learning”.

关键词： has operations corporation

KPF的一次优雅转身——中国海洋石油公司总部设计

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时代建筑 2007年第3期50卷 76-83页

作者：徐甘同济大学建筑与城市规划学院

中国海洋石油公司总部是KPF于2006年在北京新完成的一个重要作品,作者从三个角度:基地一策略、形式一意义和空间一透明,对这一作品进行了简单的介绍。

关键词： China National Offshore Oil corporation Headquarters KPF Device of Site Significance of Form Transparency of Space

I'LL HAVE A NEW BODY(I'LL HAVE A NEW LIFE)China's Cosmetic Surgery Boom

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2019年第8期 36-45页

作者： Bryan Grogan 不详

The numbers don't lie;the beauty industry in China is rising *** demand for skincare products,makeup and surgical procedures grow,so are local entrepreneurs and corporations striving to nab a chunk of the *** this year,Japanese media outlet Nikkei Asian Review made the statement that beauty has become the new buzzword in the tech world,and it is certainly hard to disagree with that *** other industries,like the manufacturing,automobile and tech sectors,have been slowing,the Chinese beauty market is booming,with a multitude of factors feeding its growth.

关键词： corporation Surgery statement