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Antitermitic effect of the Lantana camara plant on subterranean termites （Isoptera： Rhinotermitidae）

Insect Science 2010年第5期17卷 427-433页

作者： Wei Ding Xing Ping Hu College of Plant Protection Southwest University Chongqing China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Auburn University Auburn USA

The insecticidal effects of Lantana camara L. （flowers, leaves, stems and roots） and the soil where lantana had been growing, on foraging activity and survival of the subterranean termites Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes were examined in a 3-week experiment. The soil in which lantana had been growing had no effect on termite tunneling and survival. Incorporation of chipped fresh lantana leaves and stems into soil had no effect on mortality but caused significant reduction in tunneling. The 5-cm wide barrier of soil with lantana tissue incorporated effectively repelled groups of both species from penetrating the barrier and thus prevented infestation of a piece of wood on the other side of the barrier. C. formosanus was more sensitive in avoiding the barrier than R. flavipes. Leaves, stems and flowers were more repellent than roots. These results provide preliminary evidence that fresh-cut lantana leaves, stems and flowers may have use as additives to garden mulches against termites.

关键词： coptotermesformosanus Lantana camara L. mulch nonchemical control,repellents Reticulitermesflavipes subterranean termites

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Clay preference and particle transport behavior of Formosan subterranean termites （Isoptera： Rhinotermitidae）＂ A laboratory study

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 785-795页

作者： Cai Wang Gregg Henderson Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

Although preference and utilization of clay have been studied in many higher termites, little attention has been paid to lower termites, especially subterranean termites. The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, can modify its habitat by using clay to fill tree cavities. Here, the biological significance of clay on C. formosanus was investigated. Choice tests showed that significantly more termites aggre- gated in chambers where clay blocks were provided, regardless of colony group, observation period, or nutritional condition （fed or starved）. No-choice tests showed that clay had no observable effect on survivorship, live or dry biomass, water content, and tunneling activity after 33-35 d. However, clay appeared to significantly decrease filter paper consumption （dry weight loss）. Active particle （sand, paper, and clay） transport behavior was observed in both choice and no-choice tests. When present, clay was preferentially spread on the substrate, attached to the smooth surfaces of the containers, and used to line sand tunnels. Mechanisms and potential application of clay attraction are discussed.

关键词： aggregation clay coptotermesformosanus filter paper consumption particle transport behavior

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In-situ oxygen profiling and lignin modification in guts of wood-feeding termites

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 277-290页

作者： Jing Ke Jian-Zhong Sun Hung D. Nguyen Deepak Singh Karmen C. Lee Haluk Beyenal Shu-Lin Chen Department of Biological Systems Engineering Washington State University Pullman Washington Coastal Research and Extension Center Mississippi State University Poplarville Mississippi USA School of the Environment Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University Pullman Washington USA

Reports on the capability of wood-feeding termites （WFTs） in degrading wood particles and on the existence of aerobic environment in the localized guts suggest that their high efficiency of cellulose utilization is not only caused by cellulase, but also by biochemical factors that pretreat lignin. We thus extend the hypothesis that for highly efficient accessibility of cellulose, there should be direct evidence of lignin modification before the hindgut. The lignin degradation/modification is facilitated by the oxygenated environment in intestinal microhabitats. To test our hypothesis, we conducted experiments using a dissolved oxygen microelectrode with a tip diameter 〈 10μm to measure oxygen profiles in intestinal microhabitats of both Coptotermes formosanus （Shiraki） and Reticulitermesflavipes （Kollar）. Lignin modification during passage through their three gut segments was also analyzed with pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The data showed relatively high levels of oxygen in the midgut that could have promoted lignin oxidation. Consistent with the oxygen measurements, lignin modifications were also detected. In support of previously proposed hypotheses, these results demonstrate that lignin disruption, which pretreats wood for cellulose utilization, is initiated in the foregut, and continues in the midgut in both termites.

关键词： coptotermesformosanus lignin modification oxygen profile pretreatment Reticulitermesflavipes wood-feeding termites (WFTs)

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Intracolonial differences in gut bacterial community between worker and soldier castes of Coptotermes formosanus

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Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 86-95页

作者： Hui Xiang Lei Xie Jun Zhang Yan-Hua Long Ning Liu Yong-Ping Huang Qian Wang Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina

The establishment of symbiotic relationships with intestinal microorganisms enables termites to thrive on recalcitrant substrates such as cellulose and wood. A termite colony is composed of several different castes which have distinct feeding habits. The soldiers, for example, cannot feed by themselves and depend on workers, who feed them with digested or semi-digested foods. To investigate the influence of feeding habits on the bacterial symbionts, a comparative study of gut bacteria between worker and soldier castes of the termite coptotermesformosanus was conducted. The bacterial communities of both castes were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and clonal analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA （rDNA）. Both methods indicated Bacteroidetes was the common predominant group; the common dominant phylotype was affiliated with a reported uncultured Bacteroidetes phylotype （BCfl-03）. There were significant differ- ences in Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes between two castes. Compared to the gut bacteria of workers, those of soldiers were lower in abundance and diversity of Bacteroidetes and slightly higher in Spirochaetes. Two phylotypes （W8, W11） affiliated to Bacteroidetes and two （W26, W29） affiliated to Spirochaetes were exclusively found in the DGGE profile of the worker caste. Bacteroidetes are assumed to be involved in fermentation of sugars and nitrogenous compounds as well as degradation of uric acid. Spirochaetes are supposed to aid in the functions of acetogenesis and N2-fixation. The different feeding habits between workers and soldiers of C. formosanus may explain the observed differences in the gut bacterial community.

关键词： coptotermesformosanus gut bacteria community 16S rDNA

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