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Review of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSCs) Development

Natural Science 2021年第12期13卷 496-509页

作者： Okoye Ikechukwu Francis Alaekwe Ikenna Department of Physics Federal University Gusau Gusau Nigeria Department of Chemistry Federal University Gusau Gusau Nigeria

Energy consumption is increasing yearly all over the world due to the increase in population and demand of energy. The world largely depends on a hydroelectric energy supply, thermal electric energy supply which is all non-renewable energy resources. Nevertheless, non-renewable energy resources are rapidly decreasing per year due to increasing rate of energy consumption. The quest for the discovery of another abundant resource of energy has attracted many scientists into development of renewable energy technologies like photovoltaic energy which are the technology that convert solar radiation into electricity. For the past several years, different photovoltaic devices like inorganic, organic, and hybrid solar cells have been invented using different methods for different application purposes. Moreover, high conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells, the high cost of module and complicated production processes involved in the production restricted commercialization of photovoltaic solar cells as a means of electricity supply. Among all organic solar cells, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are the most efficient, low cost and easily implemented technology. This review paper focuses on clarifying the technological meaning of the structure of DSSCs, Various types of DSSCs materials, working electrode and working mechanism of DSSC, transparent and conductive substrate, nanocrystalline semiconductor film electrode, photosensisitizer (dye), electrolyte, carbon layer electrode, zinc oxide (ZnO) layer, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) layer, benefits of DSSCs and application, the efficiency and challenges for research and development of DSSCs to upgrade the current efficiency.

关键词： Solar Radiation conversion efficiency Working Electrode Nanocrystalline Photosensisitizer Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)

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Differences of photoinhibition and photooxidation between indica and japonica rice under varied conditions

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Chinese Rice Research Newsletter 2001年第4期9卷 11-12页

作者： JIBenhua ZHANGYanhong XIEHuansong JIAODemao DeptofLifeSciandTech NantongTeacher＇sCollegeNantong226007 InstofAgrobiologicalGeneticsandPhysiology JiangsuAcadofAgriSciNanjing210014China

To provide physiological basis for the genetic improvement of hybrid rice with photoinhibition or photooxidation tolerance, we measured physiological indexes related to PSⅡ light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) and membrane lipid peroxidation. Varieties used were japonica 02428 and indica 3037. At the heading stage, the potted rice plants were put into phytotron with day/night temperature of 26± 1℃ /22± 1℃ (normal temperature group) and 11± 1℃ /10± 1℃ (chilling temperature group),and relative humidity of 78% 82% .

关键词： membrane lipid peroxidation conversion efficiency genetic improvement relative humidity heading stage hybrid rice

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Study of Back Contacts for CdTe Solar Cells

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Semiconductor Photonics and Technology 2003年第2期9卷 95-98页

作者： CAI Dao-lin, ZHENG Jia-gui, WU Li-li, FENG Liang-huan, ZHANG Jing-quan, CAI Ya-ping, CAI Wei, LI Wei, XIA Geng-pei, YAN Qiang(Dept.of Mat.Sci., Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, CHN) Dept. of Mat. Sci. Sichuan University Chengdu 610064

ZnTe/ZnTe∶Cu layer is used as a complex back contact. The parameters of CdTe solar cells with and without the complex back contacts are compared. The effects of un-doped layer thickness, doped concentration and post-deposition annealing temperature of the complex layer on solar cells performance are *** results show that ZnTe/ZnTe∶Cu layer can improve back contacts and largely increase the conversion efficiency of CdTe solar cells. Un-doped layer and post-deposition annealing of high temperature can increase open voltage. Using the complex back contact, a small CdTe cell with fill factor of 73.14% and conversion efficiency of 12.93% is obtained.

关键词： complex back contacts CdTe solar cells conversion efficiency

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Multi-keV x-ray conversion efficiencies of laser-irradiated nano-velvet Cu targets

Multi-keV x-ray conversion efficiencies of laser-irradiated ...

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激光聚变能源检测与驱动技术研讨会

作者：王洪建阳庆国叶雁彭其先粟敬钦李泽仁 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Equipment Mechanism Design and Control and Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center for Information Management in DevelopmentChongqing Technology and Business University Institute of Fluid Physics Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics Laser Fusion Research Center China Academy of Engineering Physics

In the study of interaction between the ultra intense laser and material, the research focus often is the needed quality light source to diagnose the dynamic material structure. In order to obtain high-quality X-ray source featured with high luminance, quasi-monchromaticity and good contrast, the change of the structure of matter and material are often made to enhance absorbability of ultra intense laser energy and improve the conversion efficiency from the laser radiation to X-ray. Based on a porous structure principle, the velvet Cu targets were developed with a diameter of 200 nm and the density ratio of 70% solids of Cu. Experiments had been carried out on XG-Ⅲ laser facility in Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics. The laser intensities in these experiments ranged from more than 2×1018Wcm on the target surface. A single-photon- counting X-ray CCD was used to measure Kα spectrum of the x-ray source. The x-ray yield was counted to achieve Kα peak photons of 3.6×***.s from femtosecond irradiated velvet Cu target. The Kα x-ray conversion efficiency(CE) reaches the maximum value 0.00868%. Compared to the average CE of the pressed foil Cu target, that of velvet Cu increased 1.2 times. The experimental data showed that velvet structure can effectively enhance the energy absorption of femtosecond laser and improve the conversion efficiency from ultra-intense laser to hot electron and X-ray.

关键词： Laser interaction with matter velvet materials conversion efficiency X-ray source

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RESEARCH ON THE PARAMETRIC ARRAY SOUND CHARACTERISTIC OF THE ANNULAR TRANSDUCER

RESEARCH ON THE PARAMETRIC ARRAY SOUND CHARACTERISTIC OF THE...

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2015全国压电和声波理论及器件技术研讨会

作者： Song ZHANG Zhong-zheng LI Er-zheng FANG Unit 92198 of Naval College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering Harbin Engineering University

The parametric array can generate low-frequency,high-directivity beam with small-aperture,and it is widely used in underwater navigation,underwater communication,seafloor sediments detection,sub-bottom physiognomy surveying and ***,the parametric array’s conversion efficiency is very low,severely restricting the parametric array’s further *** order to improve the parametric array’s conversion efficiency,the paper combined the backward implicit finite difference（IBFD）method and Crank-Nicolson finite difference（CNFD）method to solve the KZK *** also studied the parametric array’s nonlinear sound field of the annular transducer,and compared the parametric array’s sound fields of the circular transducer with the same radiation *** simulation results showed that the annular transducer could also generate low frequency sound beam with high directivity,and the annular transducer source has a slightly higher difference frequency sound pressure amplitude.

关键词： Parametric array conversion efficiency KZK equation The annular transducer

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EXPERIMENT STUDY OF ENERGY TRANSMISSION BY ACOUSTIC WAVE IN A METAL PLATE

EXPERIMENT STUDY OF ENERGY TRANSMISSION BY ACOUSTIC WAVE IN ...

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2015全国压电和声波理论及器件技术研讨会

作者： Jun WANG Han DONG Chao KONG Bi-xing ZHANG Jian-zhong SHEN State Key Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of AcousticsChinese Academy of Sciences

In this paper,a 2D axisymmetric model was built to observe the acoustic field and electric potential distributions during the energy transmission process from a piezoelectric layer to a metal *** effect of dimension of the piezoelectric transducer on the energy transmission is compared and analyzed by using the COMSOL ***,an experimental platform is instituted to verify the feasibility of the method of energy transmission by acoustic wave through a metal *** on the finite element simulation and experimental test,it is found that the power conversion efficiency is related to the size of the transducer,the thickness of the metal plate,and other *** is shown by experimental measurement that the conversion efficiency could be reached about 30%.

关键词： Energy transmission Acoustic wave COMSOL Piezoelectric transducers conversion efficiency

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Analyses of phase-matching parameter in difference frequency generation with AgGaS2 and AgGaSe2

Analyses of phase-matching parameter in difference frequency...

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2007亚洲光电子会议非线形光学及应用分会场

作者： Yue Song Li Wang Department of Applied Physics Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100022 P. R. China

Interesting in generation and exploration of mid-infrared radiation has induced using optical parametric effect in nonlinear optical crystal with high nonlinearity, high transmission, phase-matching ability, and high sensitivity in room temperature, such as AgGaSe2（AGSe）, AgGaS2（AGS） crystals. To achieve mid-infrared radiation, we use difference frequency generation （DFG） in AGS or AGSe crystals by pumping with the output of optical parametric oscillator. The mid-infrared radiation tunable characteristics of AGS and AGSe crystals under type-I phase-matching have been analyzed based on optical parameter DFG theory. Beam walk-off angle and acceptance angle limit conversion efficiency and restrict the DFG tuning wavelength range. We focus to research for effective nonlinear coefficient, walk-off angle and acceptance angle as functions of wavelength, the relationship between conversion efficiency and acceptance angle, and crystals length impact on the process of frequency conversion. We obtained 10 μm wavelength with a 10 mm crystal length, 1030nm pump, walk-off angles and acceptance angles of AGS and AGSe crystals are 1.19°and 0.68°, 0.107°and 0.171°respectively. Results are very useful for mid-infrared experimental studies on AgGaS2 and AgGaSe2 crystals.

关键词： difference frequency generation acceptance parameters conversion efficiency AgGaS2 AgGaSe2

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ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC PARAMETRIC ARRAY UNDER DIFFERENT INPUT SIGNALS

ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC PARAMETRI...

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2012全国压电和声波理论及器件技术研讨会

作者： Lin-lang BAI Hangzhou Applied Acoustic Research Institute

According to Berktay the far-field solution of parametric array,self-demodulatory sound pressure is proportional to squared of envelope function to the second derivative of the *** excitation input signals of parametric array were designed and analyzed.A parameter array is measured under the different excitation *** results show that:（1）When the input signals is single-sideband amphtude modulatory signal the harmonic distortion of the sound field is relatively small compared to the double sideband amphtude modulated signal and the difference frequency wave acoustic source level is higher;（2） The difference frequency wave source level will increase rapidly with increase of input power of the parametric *** too much power may cause the power amplifier to produce nonlinear,thus the harmonic amphtude increase and the conversion efficiency will be lower.

关键词： acoustic parametric array nonlinear acoustics directional conversion efficiency

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太赫兹谐波混频检测器变频效率测量

太赫兹谐波混频检测器变频效率测量

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2015年第十届全国毫米波、亚毫米波学术会议

作者：张明义许伟伟郁梅许颖超陈健吴培亨南京大学电子科学与工程学院

太赫兹波是电磁波谱中最后一个未被全面研究开发的频段,它的开发和利用具有重大的科学价值。利用高温超导双晶结制备的太赫兹谐波混频探测器,具有灵敏度高、变频效率高、谐波次数高、工作频带宽、噪声系数低等优点。基于GM制冷机搭建了... 详细信息

太赫兹波是电磁波谱中最后一个未被全面研究开发的频段,它的开发和利用具有重大的科学价值。利用高温超导双晶结制备的太赫兹谐波混频探测器,具有灵敏度高、变频效率高、谐波次数高、工作频带宽、噪声系数低等优点。基于GM制冷机搭建了高温超导双晶结太赫兹混频系统,并采用了准光学系统增强结与太赫兹波的耦合。在2.7K的温度下对结进行了测量,获得了结对623 GHz太赫兹波的响应,并且成功进行了254次谐波混频实验,中频输出信噪比达10 dB。对高温超导约瑟夫森双晶结的变频效率进行了计算,并且测量和分析了变频效率与本振功率、谐波混频次数的关系。

关键词： HTS Josephson junction harmonic mixing system conversion efficiency terahertz detection

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