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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第3期15卷 315-322页

作者： ZHAO You-cai, WANG Luo-chun (National Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.) National Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 Chin

The quantitative fractions of conversion of organic carbon in the decomposable organic wastes with initial moisture of 70% sorted from municipal solid wastes(MSW) in lysimeters into biogas, leachate and solid residue were characterized, under temperatures of 25, 30 and 41℃, respectively, and circulation of leachate generated within the lysimeters. It is found that 27% of organic carbon in the wastes are conversed into gases, 0.8% into leachate, and the other 72% remained in the decomposable solid residues, after 180 days' degradation at 41℃. Higher temperature will lead to more rapid degradation and result to higher conversion of the organic carbon to biogas and lower to both solid residues and leachate, while the pollutant concentrations in leachate will be lower at a higher temperature and the values of COD are quite consistent with TOC.

关键词： refuse organic wastes lysimeters organic carbon conversion

conversion relationships between environmental quality criteria of water/air and soil

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第12期61卷 1781-1791页

作者： Yong TENG Qixing ZHOU Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria(Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University

The conversion study on the environmental quality criteria between water/air and soil is the need to carry out research on soil-environmental quality standards in an all-round way, and also the demand for solving emerging problems in this field using the system dynamic and the overall view. Carrying out this study is of practical significance and theoretical values in the face of formulation and revision of soil-environmental quality standards in China. Firstly, the theoretical basis and relative models of soil-water and soil-air systems were expounded, respectively. And on this basis, a preliminary conceptual model about the conversion was constructed. After that, the current worldwide environmental quality criteria/standards for soil, water and air media were introduced based on their types, concerned pollutants and hierarchical classification, and their variation were also analyzed briefly. Particularlly, the key points for the conversion of environmental quality criteria between soil and water and/or between soil and air were discussed, respectively, while combined with the relative researching results. Finally, this conversion study was commented and prospected.

关键词： Environmental quality criteria Soil-water system Soil-air system conversion

conversion between Vickers hardness and nanohardness by correcting projected area with sink-in and pile-up effects

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第6期22卷 188-199页

作者： Youping LU Yue SU Wei GE Tengfei YANG Zhanfeng YAN Yugang WANG Songqin XIA State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Center for Applied Physics and TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871People's Republic of China College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People's Republic of China 不详

The Vickers hardness test has been widely used for neutron-irradiated materials and nanoindentation for ion-irradiated *** the Vickers hardness and nanohardness of the same materials quantitatively and establishing a correlation between them is *** this study,five representative materials—pure titanium(Ti),nickel(Ni),tungsten(W),304 coarse-grained stainless steel(CG-SS)and 304 nanocrystalline austenitic stainless steel(NG-SS)—are investigated for *** results show that the relationship between Vickers hardness and nanohardness does not conform to a mathematical geometric relationship because of sink-in and pile-up effects confirmed by finite element analysis(FEA)and the results of optical ***,one new method was developed by excluding the effects of sink-in and pile-up in *** this improved correction in the projected area of the Vickers hardness and nanohardness,the two kinds of hardness become identical.

关键词： Vickers hardness nanohardness conversion

conversion of CO2 by non-Thermal Inductively-Coupled Plasma Catalysis

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2020年第2期33卷 243-251,I0003,I0041-I0045页

作者： Edwin Devid Maria Ronda-Lloret Qiang Huang Gadi Rothenberg N.Raveendran Shiju Aart Kleyn Center of Interface Dynamics for Sustainability Institute of MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsChengdu 610200China Van't Ho Institute for Molecular Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamP.O.Box 941571090 GD AmsterdamThe Netherlands School of Optoelectronic Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China

CO2 decomposition is a very strongly endothermic reaction where very high temperatures are required to thermally dissociate *** frequency inductively-coupled plasma enables to selectively activate and dissociate CO2 at room *** the flow rate and the frequency of the radio frequency inductively-coupled plasma gives high yields of CO under mild *** the discovery of a plasma catalytic effect has been demonstrated for CO2 dissociation that shows a significant increase of the CO yield by metallic *** metallic meshes become catalysts under exposure to plasma to activate the recombination reaction of atomic O to yield O2,thereby reducing the reaction to convert CO back to ***-coupled hybrid plasma catalysis allows access to study and to utilize high CO2 conversion in a non-thermal plasma *** advance offers opportunities to investigate the possibility to use radio frequency inductively-coupled plasma to store superfluous renewable electricity into high-valuable CO in time where the price of renewable electricity is plunging.

关键词： CO2 Radio frequency inductively-coupled plasma Plasma reactor conversion Metal mesh Quadrupole mass spectrometry X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy X-Ray diffraction Scanning electron microscopy

conversion and reaction kinetics of coke oven gas over a commercial Fe-Mo/Al_2O_3 catalyst

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Journal of Central South University 2016年第2期23卷 293-302页

作者：屈一新徐贺明赵见峰王志彦王亚涛 College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Coal Chemical Research and Development Center of Kailuan Group Tangshan 063611China

Producing methanol from coke oven gas(COG) is one of the important applications of COG. Removal of sulfur from COG is a key step of this process. conversion and reaction kinetics over a commercial Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst(T-202) were studied in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor under pressures of 1.6-2.8 MPa, space time of 1.32-3.55 s and temperatures of 240-360 °C. Though the COG contains about 0.6 mol/mol H2, hydrogenation of CO and CO2 is not significant on this catalyst. The conversions of unsaturated hydrocarbons depend on their molecular structures. Diolefins and alkynes can be completely hydrogenated even at relatively low temperature and pressure. Olefins, in contrast, can only be progressively hydrogenated with increasing temperature and pressure. The hydrodesulfurization(HDS) of CS2 on this catalyst is easy. Complete conversion of CS2 was observed in the whole range of the conditions used in this work. The original COS in the COG can also be easily converted to a low level. However, its complete HDS is difficult due to the relatively high concentration of CO in the COG and due to the limitation of thermodynamics. H2 S can react with unsaturated hydrocarbons to form ethyl mercaptan and thiophene, which are then progressively hydrodesulfurized with increasing temperature and pressure. Based on the experimental observations, reaction kinetic models for the conversion of ethylene and sulfur-containing compounds were proposed; the values of the parameters in the models were obtained by regression of the experimental data.

关键词： coke oven gas conversion Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst sulfur-containing compound kinetics

conversion of a single-layer ANN to photonic SNN for pattern recognition

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 261-270页

作者： Yanan HAN Shuiying XIANG Tianrui ZHANG Yahui ZHANG Xingxing GUO Yuechun SHI State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor TechnologyXidian University Yongjiang Laboratory

This work presents a complete conversion scheme for photonic spiking neural networks(SNNs).We verified that the output of an artificial neural network(ANN) trained with the simulated optical activation function can be directly converted into the spike rate of a photonic spiking neuron *** reveal the feasibility of hardware implementation,we considered the effects of different bit precisions of data and weight,noise level,and bias current mismatch on the converted *** proposed scheme was evaluated using the Deterding vowel,IRIS,TIDIGITS,and MNIST datasets for pattern recognition,and achieved mean accuracies of 95.80%,98.67%,96.19%,and 92.33%,*** proposed scheme can convert an ANN into a photonic SNN with almost no precision loss,and the performance was comparable to that of an ANN trained with the rectified linear unit *** proposed scheme can enable the high-performance implementation of photonic SNNs.

关键词： photonic SNN conversion optical computing pattern recognition artificial neural network

conversion of retention indices between two stationary phases having similar polarities in gas chromatography

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1996年第18期41卷 1532-1537页

作者：石威梁鑫淼卢佩章 National Chromatographic R. & A. Center Dalian Institute of Chemical Phjsics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116012 China

Kováts retention indices (RIs) in gas chromatography are the important data which reflect and are used to study the retention behavior of solute in chromatographic *** of RIs between two columns is the way using less coefficients to predict a large number of accurate retention indices. Li Haochun predicted the retention indices for two thousand hydrocarbons on tens of stationary phases using this way successfully. It can also get the equation of conversion from experienced forms, but its theoretical and actual meanings are very limited. Utilizing conversion of RIs between two stationary phases, one can predict RIs of compounds on many stationary phases in a more extensive range.

关键词： gas chromatographic retention indices conversion between two columns.

conversion of mouse fibroblasts into oligodendrocyte progenitor-like cells through a chemical approach

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第6期11卷 489-495页

作者： Chang Liu Xu Hu Yawen Li Wenjie Lu Wenlin Li Nan Cao Saiyong Zhu Jinke Cheng Sheng Ding Mingliang Zhang Department of Histoembryology Genetics and Developmental Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Shanghai 200025 China Department of Cell Biology Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510080 China The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 China Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 China Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94158 USA

Transplantation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) is a promising way for treating demyelinating diseases. However, generation of scalable and autologous sources of OPCs has proven difficult. We previously established a chemical condition M9 that could specifically initiate neural program in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Here we found that M9 could induce the formation of colonies that undergo mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition at the early stage of reprogramming. These colonies may represent unstable and neural lineage-restricted intermediates that have not established a neural stem cell identity. By modulating the culture signaling recapitulating the principle of OPC development, these intermediate cells could be reprogrammed towards OPC fate. The chemical-induced OPC-like cells (ciOPLCs) resemble primary neural stem cell-derived OPCs in terms of their morphology, gene expression, and the ability of self-renewal. Upon differentiation, ciOPLCs could produce functional oligodendrocytes and myelinate the neuron axons in vitro, validating their OPC identity molecularly and functionally. Therefore, our study provides a non-integrating approach to OPC reprogramming that may ultimately provide an avenue to patient-specific cell-based or in situ regenerative therapy.

关键词： small molecules reprogramming oligodendrocyte progenitor-like cells cell fate conversion demyelinating diseases

conversion Efficiency of Kilovolt X- Ray Line Emission in Laser-heated NaF Plasma

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Science China Mathematics 1994年第1期37卷 123-128页

作者：孔令华淳于书泰何绍堂陈涵德杨向东李孝昌王永国 Southwest Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry Chengdu 610003PRC Chengdu University of Science and Technology Chengdu 610065PRC

This paper reports the theoretical and experimental work on converting focused Nd-glass laser radiation of LI-11 facility into kilovolt X-ray line emission in laser-heated NaF *** conversion efficiency ε turns out to he in the range from 0.2% to 1% for the laser (λ=1.06μm) power density changing from 10×1013 to 3.5×1013 W/cm2 The relationship between ε and λ has also been ***,theoretical results are compared with the experimental.

关键词： laser heated (or driven) plasma X-ray conversion efficiency

conversion of laparoscopic colorectal resection for cancer: What is the impact on short-term outcomes and survival?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第37期22卷 8304-8313页

作者： Marco E Allaix Edgar JB Furnée Massimiliano Mistrangelo Alberto Arezzo Mario Morino Department of Surgical Sciences University of Torino

Laparoscopic resection for colon and rectal cancer is associated with quicker return of bowel function, reduced postoperative morbidity rates and shorter length of hospital stay compared to open surgery, with no differences in long-term survival. conversion to open surgery is reported in up to 30% of patients enrolled in randomized control trials comparing open and laparoscopic colorectal resection for cancer. In this review, reasons for conversion are anatomical-related factors, disease-related-factors and surgeon-related factors. Body mass index, local tumour extension and co-morbidities are independent predictors of conversion. The current evidence has shown that patients with converted resection for colon cancer have similar outcomes compared to patients undergoing a laparoscopic completed or open resection. The few studies that have assessed the outcomes after conversion of laparoscopic rectal resection reported significantly higher rates of complications and longer length of hospital stay in converted patients compared to laparoscopically treated patients. No definitive conclusions can be drawn when converted and open rectal resections are compared. Early and pre-emptive conversion appears to have more favourable outcomes than reactive conversion; however, further large studies are needed to better define the optimal timing of conversion. With regard to long-term oncologic outcome, overall and disease-free survival in the case of conversion in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery seems to be worse than those achieved in patients in whom resection was successfully completed by laparoscopy. Although a worse long-term oncologic outcome has been suggested, it remains difficult to draw a proper conclusion due to the heterogeneity of the long-term outcomes as well as the inclusion of both colon and rectal cancer patients in most of the studies. Therefore, we discuss the currently available evidence of the impact of conversion in laparoscopic resection for colon an

关键词： conversion Laparoscopy Open surgery Colon cancer Rectal cancer Morbidity Mortality Predictors Recurrence Survival