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Cement-lime stabilization of crude oil contaminated kaolin clay

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第1期12卷 160-167页

作者： Opeyemi E.Oluwatuyi Oluwapelumi O.Ojuri Arman Khoshghalb Department of Civil Engineering Landmark UniversityOmu-AranNigeria Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Federal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of New South Wales(UNSW)SydneyAustralia

The present study examines the effect of stabilization on the geo-environmental properties of crude oil contaminated kaolin *** and cement were mixed in a ratio of 1:2 and added to the simulated crude oil contaminated kaolin clay at different percentages(5%,10%,15%,and 20%)as a stabilizing *** investigated include consistency limits,unconfined compressive strength(UCS),and direct shear,and compressibility and leaching characteristics of the untreated and stabilized *** experimental testing reveals a decrease in the consistency limits with addition of the stabilizing *** UCS values occurred for 15%cement-lime stabilized kaolin clay at different curing periods(i.e.0 d,7 d,14 d,and 28 d).By increasing the cement-lime content from 5%to 15%,the UCS values of the stabilized clay increase from 185 kPa to 350 kPa and from 785 kPa to 1160 kPa for uncured and 28 dcured samples,*** the compression and recompression indices of the contaminated kaolin clay from the consolidation test decrease by 40%and 50%,respectively,with 20%stabilizing binder *** leachability of the contaminated clay also reduces with incorporation of cement and *** to the scanning electron microscope(SEM)test,addition of stabilizing binder transforms the dispersed structure of contaminated kaolin clay into a knitted flocculated *** study shows the effectiveness of cement-lime mix in stabilizing the contaminated kaolin clay and the possible use of stabilized contaminated kaolin clay as an alternative construction material.

关键词： Cement-lime Consolidation contaminated clay Crude oil Stabilization

Choice of estimation of unknown parameter under contaminated error model

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1999年第4期9卷 852-856页

作者：王志忠朱建军 Cent S Univ Technol Coll Resource Environm & Civil Engn Changsha 410083 Peoples R China

The ε -contaminated normal distribution, ψ(Δ ) = (1 - ε )ψ0(Δ ) +εψ1 (Δ ), was considered as error model occurring in practice (ψ = probability function, Δ = observation error). The variances of the L1 (Least Absolute Sum) estimation and the L2 (Least Squares) estimation were compared with each other based on their asymptotic distribution. The revised L2 estimation was then derived. The conditions that the L1 estimation is superior to the L2 estimation and that the revised L2 estimation is superior to L1 estimation were discussed.

关键词： contaminated model least squares estimation least absolute sum estimation

Aeration and sawdust application effects as structural material in the bioremediation of clayey acid soils contaminated with diesel oil

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第3期6卷 253-260页

作者： Gabriela Menta Alvim Patrícia Procópio Pontes Department of Environmental Science and Technology Federal Centre for Technological Education of Minas Gerais525330-421169 Belo HorizonteBrazil

Soil contamination, due to the leakage of petroleum or its by-products, is a reason for concern nowadays. Technologies, such as bioremediation, have been developed to remove these pollutants from the environment. This paper aims to evaluate the bioremediation of clayey acid soils contaminated with diesel oil, comparing the effect of aeration use and the addition of different sawdust ratios (5% and 10%) as bulking material. This research was developed in three phases, with experiments of (a) natural attenuation (exclusively natural processes), (b) sawdust-amended soil and (c) aeration combined with sawdust addition. The manometric respirometry test was applied to monitor CO2 production during biodegradation experiments and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used as an absorbent solution. The contamination of the samples was carried out by the addition of diesel oil (5% w/w (gg-1)) into the soil. The results indicated that natural attenuation presented a slower bioremediation process when compared to the treatments with sawdust addition. The addition of 5% of sawdust was beneficial to the microbial activity of the soil, but a proportion above 5% caused a negative effect on the samples, reducing the microbial activity. Statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test) showed significant oil removals on experiments with the combination of sawdust and aeration. The aeration was considered the main agent in increasing oil biodegradation in the soil. The degradation rate reactions followed a zero-order linear model. The highest contaminant degradation rate was observed in the samples with 5% of sawdust and aeration (24.79 mgO2 kg-1dry soil day-1), which also improved microbial activity and diesel oil removal.

关键词： Bioremediation Diesel oil contaminated soil Sawdust Aeration

Effective Sodium Metabisulfite (Na2S2O5), HCl, Sulfur and Distilled Water for the Removal of Pb, Zn and Cr contaminated Soil in the Columns Method

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第7期10卷 882-892页

作者： Abdulbaset Egrira Salama Department of Soil and Water Faculty of Agriculture Bani Waleed University Bani Waleed Libya

This paper presents an evaluation of different dose of Sodium Metabisulfite (0.01 M Na2S2O5), (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl), and Distilled water for the removal of soil contaminated with Pb, Zn and Cr by the column mode. The field soil contained concentrations of Pb (307.31 mg⋅kg−1), Zn (207.77 mg⋅kg−1) and Cr (447.50 mg⋅kg−1). Both (0.01 M Na2S2O5), (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl), and Distilled water were found to be effective on removing (Na2S2O5) Pb, Cr and Zn respectively. (Na2S2O5) + (0.1 HCl) Cr, Zn and Pb respectively. Sulfur Pb, Cr and Zn respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 10.35% - 26%, 3.4% - 21.60% and 4.97% - 23.88% for (0.01 M Na2S2O5 respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 16.13% - 20.07%, 8.20% - 23.48%, 5.42% - 28.93% for (0.01 M Na2S2O5 + 0.1 M HCl) respectively. The removal rate of Pb, Zn, and Cr varied from 10.20% - 25.5%, 9.55% - 25.13% and 6.04% - 25.54% for (S) respectively.

关键词： Sodium Metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) HCl Sulfur and Distilled Water Pb Zn and Cr Soil contaminated Sequential Washing

Chemically Modified Cornulaca monacanthaBiomass for Bioadsorption of Hg (II) from contaminated Water: Adsorption Mechanism

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第3期4卷 280-289页

作者： A. Hashem Khalid A. Al-Kheraije Faculty of Science and Arts at Shaqra Shaqra University Faculty of Science and Arts at Shaqra Shaqra University KSA National Research Centre Textile Research Division Cairo Egypt.

Cornulaca monacantha (CM) a desert plant has been utilized as adsorbent material for the removal of Hg (II) ions from contaminated water after treatment with acrylamide in alkaline medium to form carbamoylethylated Cornulaca monacantha (CECM). Three levels of CECM having different nitrogen content were prepared. The CECM samples were characterized by estimating the nitrogen content. The ability of CECM to adsorb Hg (II) was investigated by using batch adsorption procedure. The data of the adsorption isotherm was tested by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. The removal of Hg (II) onto CECM particles could be well described by the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption rate of mercury was affected by the initial Hg (II) ion concentration, initial pH, adsorbent concentration and agitation time as well as extent of modification. The adsorption experiments indicated that the CECM particles have great potential for the removal of Hg (II) from contaminated water. The maximum adsorption capacity, Qmax of the CECM towards Hg (II) ions was found to be 384.6 mg/g at 30?C. Similarly, the Freundlich constant, n was found to be 2.03 at 30°C.

关键词： Cornulaca monacantha Carbamoylethylation Adsorption Isotherm Hg (II) Removal contaminated Water

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Maize (Zea maysL.) Grown on Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) contaminated Soil Amended with Treated Composted Sewage Biosolid

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第11期9卷 1196-1204页

作者： C. K. Nakiguli B. Namakula J. Odda J. Wasswa E. Ntambi Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Mbarara University of Science & Technology Mbarara Uganda International Health Sciences Clarke International University Kampala Uganda Chemistry Department School of Physical Sciences College of Natural Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the heavy metal accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.) plant grown in chromated copper arsenate (CCA) soil amended with treated composted sewage biosolid. The initial concentrations of chromium, copper, arsenate in the CCA soil and sewage biosolid were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. These were found to be, in CCA soil: 365.8 ± 6.18, 109.22 ± 14.04, 28.22 ± 3.8 and in sewage biosolid: 35 ± 1.06, 1.0 ± 0.02, 0 mg·kg-1 respectively. The concentration of Cr, Cu and As determined in both the roots and shoots generally decreased with increase in percentage amendment concentration and number of days (20 and 40 days after planting). At 20 days, the total metal concentration ranges in roots were As (5.54 ± 0.03 - 6.69 ± 1.14), Cr (9.59 ± 0.02 - 13.22 ± 0.03), Cu (2.28 ± 0.06 - 4.53 ± 0.37) mg·kg-1 while at 40 days the values were As (5.60 ± 0.19 - 6.08 ± 0.01), Cr (9.47 ± 0.04 - 10.95 ± 0.09), Cu (3.94 ± 0.19 - 4.64 ± 0.07) mg·kg-1. For the shoot system, the concentrations of the metals at 20 days were As (5.28 ± 0.03 - 5.90 ± 0.13), Cr (9.30 ± 0.05 - 10.07 ± 0.06), Cu (3.64 ± 0.12 - 4.72 ± 0.15) mg/kg while at 40 days the values obtained were As (5.28 ± 0.03 - 5.9 ± 0.13), Cr (9.69 ± 0.14 - 10.07 ± 0.03), Cu (2.94 ± 0.72 - 4.53 ± 0.03) mg·kg-1. The roots accumulated the three heavy metals more than the shoot system at all treatments used. Concentration of arsenic, chromium and copper in the plants decreased with increasing percentage amendments. The results suggest relatively low bioavailability of the three metals in CCA soil treated with high percentages of sewage biosolid as an amendment.

关键词： Arsenic Chromium Copper contaminated CCA Soil Sewage Amendment

The Use of Plants and Wildflowers as Bioremediation for contaminated Soils in the Hong Kong S.A.R.

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第9期4卷 305-311页

作者： Angelo Indelicato Dragages Hong Kong Ltd. Hong Kong China

Heavy metal contamination of the biosphere has increased sharply over the last century. Anthropogenic activities such as industrialisation and demographic growth can be considered as the main causes of it. Soil contamination affects every organism and poses major environmental and human health problems worldwide. The issue has been addressed in the past and a few methodologies have been developed in order to effectively clean up the contaminated areas. However, many of these remedies are very aggressive and can damage the soil. This paper focuses on the use of gentler techniques, which take advantage of the properties of several plants and wildflowers that absorb heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and their potential application in megacities such as Hong Kong.

关键词： Hong Kong Bioremediation Wildflowers contaminated Land

Phytoremediation Potential of Sorghum as a Biofuel Crop and the Enhancement Effects with Microbe Inoculation in Heavy Metal contaminated Soil

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第6期3卷 9-14页

作者： Kokyo Oh Tiehua Cao Hongyan Cheng Xuanhe Liang Xuefeng Hu Lijun Yan Shinichi Yonemochi Sachiko Takahi Center for Environmental Science in Saitama Kazo Japan Center of Resource and Environmental Science Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China College of Resources and Environment Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu Shanxi China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China Faculty of Education and Human Studies Akita University Akita Japan

Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and low-cost biotechnology using plants to extract, contain, degrade, or immobilize pollutants from the contaminated environment. Selection of the ideal plant species and suitable enhancing measures to obtain high remediation efficiency and large valuable biomass are essential requirement for a successful phytoremdaition. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is one of the most attractive bioenergy crops for producing biofuels with high biomass production. In this study, the phytoremediation potential of sorghum to heavy metals and the promotion effects by a lead-tolerant fungus (LTF) were investigated using a multiple heavy metal contaminated soil with Pb, Ni, and Cu. The results showed that the sorghum survived the heavy contamination, and LTF inoculation promoted the plant growth and increased the phytoextraction yields of Pb, Ni, and Cu. The phytoextraction potential (μg/plant) of the whole sorghum for Sorghum were 410 (Pb), 74 (Ni), and 73 (Cu), and for Sorghum with LTF inoculation were 590 (Pb), 120 (Ni), and 93 (Cu), respectively. The results suggested that sorghum would be one of the ideal candidates for phytoremediation of contaminated soil because of its high phytoremediation potential, large biomass production, and utilization in biofuel production.

关键词： Sorghum Phytoremediation contaminated Soil Heavy Metals Biofuel Plants

Extraction of Lead, Cadmium and Nickel from contaminated Soil Using Acetic Acid

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第6期4卷 207-214页

作者： Hatem Asal Gzar Awatif S. Abdul-Hameed Asmaa Younus Yahya Civil Engineering Department College of Engineering University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq Civil Engineering Department College of Engineering University of Wasit Wasit Iraq

The accumulation of heavy metals in soil is a serious environmental problem. It is well known that heavy metals have an affinity for different compartments of soil. The risk associated with the presence of metals in soil is the ability of their transfer in water or plants. In the present research, batch extraction experiments were conducted using acetic acid (AA) as an extractant solution at various concentrations and contact times to determine the best conditions of soil washing process to achieve high heavy metal removal efficiencies. AA was investigated for its applicability for the removal of lead, cadmium and nickel from soil. Batch soil washing experiments were performed on 1.0 g portions of the spiked soil using different concentrations (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mol/L) of AA (CH3COOH) with solid: liquid ratio of 1:10. The results showed that AA extracted greater Pb than Cd and Ni. The extraction was carried out with shaking times from 15 to 180 min. The removal percentage of Pb varies from 42.2%-100% and Cd from 5.2%-31.1% with increasing concentration of AA, while the removal efficiency of Ni was not exceeded about 1%. Comparing with Pb and Cd, the removal efficiency of Ni was very low;this means that the solubility of Ni in AA was very low. It was found that 0.1 mol/L AA for soil washing was effective in removing absorbed Pb from contaminated soil (100% efficiency) at time 15 min. While the efficiency reaching 100% with washing solution of 0.05 and 0.01 mol/L at times 120 and 180 min, respectively. The efficiencies of Cd and Ni extraction were improved when 1 mol/L of AA solution was used (41.3% to 70.6% for Cd and 16.3% to 23.3% for Ni).

关键词： contaminated Soil Soil Washing Extraction Organic Acid Heavy Metals