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Discharging of PCM in Various Shapes of Thermal Energy Storage Systems:A Review

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第3期32卷 1124-1154页

作者： DHAIDAN Nabeel HASHIM Hasan ABBAS Abdalrazzaq KHODADADI Jay ALMOSAWY Wala AL-MOUSAWI Fadhel Engineering Faculty Kerbala UniversityKerbalaIraq Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn University1418 Wiggins HallAuburnAL 36849-5341USA Al-Zahraa University for Women KerbalaIraq

Utilizing the phase change materials in different thermal storage applications attains valuable attention due to the fascinating thermal properties of these materials.The comprehension of the thermal behaviour of phase change materials during the melting and solidification is considered a significant priority in designing the shape of the different containers.In this review,analytical,computational and experimental investigations that address solidification/freezing of phase change materials within thermal energy storage systems are discussed.Emphasis is placed on the role of the shape of adopted containers encompassing planar,spherical,cylindrical and annular vessels.Energy storage for solar thermal applications,waste heat recovery,and thermal management of buildings/computing platforms/photovoltaics has been the topics that benefit from these investigations.For all container shapes,the freezing process is controlled initially by natural convection,and a high solidification rate is observed.Later,the conduction dominates the process,and the freezing rate declines.The temperature and flow of cooling heat transfer fluid affect the solidification process,but the impact of heat transfer fluid temperature is more significant than its flow rate.Also,the freezing time increases with the container’s size and amount of contained PCM.The aspect ratio of the planar and vertical cylindrical cavities substantially influences the discharging time and rate.In contrast,the orientation of the annular cavity has a lower impact on the discharging process.

关键词： containers freezing phase change materials phase transformation solidification

Making Canonical Workflow Building Blocks Interoperable across Workflow Languages

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Data Intelligence 2022年第2期4卷 342-357页

作者： Stian Soiland-Reyes Genis Bayarri Pau Andrio Robin Long Douglas Lowe Ania Niewielska Adam Hospital Paul Groth Department of Computer Science The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Informatics Institute University of AmsterdamAmsterdam 1098 XHThe Netherlands Institute for Research in Biomedicine(IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology(BIST)Barcelona O8028Spain The Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute(INB) Barcelona Supercomputing Center(BSC)Barcelona 08034Spain Data Science Institute Lancaster UniversityLancasterLancashire LA14YWUK Research IT IT ServicesThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK European Bioinformatics Institute(EMBL-EBI) HinxtonCambridgeshire CB101SDUK

We introduce the concept of Canonical Workflow Building Blocks(CWBB),a methodology of describing and wrapping computational tools,in order for them to be utilised in a reproducible manner from multiple workflow languages and execution platforms.The concept is implemented and demonstrated with the BioExcel Building Blocks library(BioBB),a collection of tool wrappers in the field of computational biomolecular simulation.Interoperability across different workflow languages is showcased through a protein Molecular Dynamics setup transversal workflow,built using this library and run with 5 different Workflow Manager Systems(WfMS).We argue such practice is a necessary requirement for FAIR Computational Workflows and an element of Canonical Workflow Frameworks for Research(CWFR)in order to improve widespread adoption and reuse of computational methods across workflow language barriers.

关键词： Scientific workflows Interoperable FAIR Computational tools containers Software packaging FAIR digital object(FDO),BioExcel Building Blocks library(BioBB),Canonical Workflow Frameworks for Research(CWFR)

Performance Evaluation of Virtualization Methodologies to Facilitate NFV Deployment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 311-329页

作者： Sumbal Zahoor Ishtiaq Ahmad Ateeq Ur Rehman Elsayed Tag Eldin Nivin AGhamry Muhammad Shafiq Department of Electrical Engineering The University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Government College UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Faculty of Engineering and Technology Future University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Cairo UniversityGiza3750010Egypt Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

The development of the Next-Generation Wireless Network(NGWN)is becoming a reality.To conduct specialized processes more,rapid network deployment has become essential.Methodologies like Network Function Virtualization(NFV),Software-Defined Networks(SDN),and cloud computing will be crucial in addressing various challenges that 5G networks will face,particularly adaptability,scalability,and reliability.The motivation behind this work is to confirm the function of virtualization and the capabilities offered by various virtualization platforms,including hypervisors,clouds,and containers,which will serve as a guide to dealing with the stimulating environment of 5G.This is particularly crucial when implementing network operations at the edge of 5G networks,where limited resources and prompt user responses are mandatory.Experimental results prove that containers outperform hypervisor-based virtualized infrastructure and cloud platforms’latency and network throughput at the expense of higher virtualized processor use.In contrast to public clouds,where a set of rules is created to allow only the appropriate traffic,security is still a problem with containers.

关键词： NFV hypervisors cloud computing containers

Maintenance of Ephedra alata Seeds Viability via Storage containers

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2010年第2期1卷 138-146页

作者： Abdulaziz A. Al-Qarawi Elsayed F. Abd_Allah 不详

Sequential incubation of seed samples yielded 20 fungal species belonging to 13 genera. The prevalent genera were Aspergillus (A. flavus and A. parasiticus), Fusarium (F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum) and Penicillium (Penicillium sp.). Such seedborne fungi differ in their colonization in different parts of seeds with most of them are colonized in seed coat, endosperm, and embryo of the seed. The usage of different storage containers for storing seeds indicated that the cotton cloth bags were the most favorable ones as they maintain seed moisture content (SMC) below the critical level resulting in minimum seed deterioration compared with other seed storage containers.

关键词： Seedborne Fungi Ephedra alata Storage containers Saudi Arabia

Consumer Preference and Willingness to Pay for Non-Plastic Food containers in Honolulu, USA

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第9期2卷 1264-1273页

作者： Michele Barnes Catherine Chan-Halbrendt Quanguo Zhang Noe Abejon 不详

Expanded polystyrene (EPS), a petroleum based plastic polystyrene, has an immense environmental impact with a degradation rate of over 500 years, and is a possible human carcinogen that may cause cancer in humans. Nonetheless, EPS is the most commonly used material to produce takeout food containers, a single use item that is quickly discarded. With growing recognition of the high environmental costs of EPS products and their pressure on landfill resources, EPS food container bans have become increasingly popular in jurisdictions across the globe. Similar legislation has been introduced in the state of Hawaii, USA. However, since EPS is currently more cost effective than its alternatives, the widespread adoption of food containers produced with biodegradable materials remains a challenge. This study employs Conjoint Choice Experiment (CCE) to determine consumer preference and willingness to pay for plant-based EPS alternative takeout food containers and their various product attributes in the urban center of Honolulu, Hawaii. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) is used to cluster respondents into four distinct classes based on their observable attributes of choice. Results show that the majority of respondents (81.0%) are in favor of a ban on EPS takeout food containers. As an alternative, the majority of respondents prefer a container constructed out of a sugarcane material (66.49%) that is microwaveable (88.94%), water resistant (100%), and locally produced (51.23%). Moreover, this study demonstrates an increase in consumer’s willingness to pay for more environmentally friendly food containers, which may allow businesses to offset the costs of substituting EPS for biodegradable materials. These findings provide valuable information for farmers, manufacturers, and natural resource managers, and can help to guide decision makers when considering socially responsible and environmentally sustainable policies.

关键词： Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Plastic Food containers Conjoint Choice Experiment (CCE) Latent Class Analysis (LCA) Consumer Preference Honolulu

Production of Clay containers for Curbing Plantain Post-Harvest Losses in Ghana

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New Journal of Glass and Ceramics 2019年第3期9卷 50-65页

作者： Kofi Asante-Kyei Alexander Addae Mercy Abaka-Attah Takoradi Technical University Takoradi Ghana

In Ghana, most farmers are peasants and at times foodstuffs produced get rotten either through transportation or market places. This normally affects the meager income that farmers earn through hard work. Available statistics indicate that each year, food crops worth several hundreds of dollars go waste in the country due to poor harvest losses and it represents 70% of total food production in Ghana. Again, in the country, there is abundant of clay as a natural resource. Geological study has revealed that it is found in almost every part of the country. As a means of finding solution to the rate at which local foodstuffs especially plantain rot, the study sought to design and compose clay container purposefully for storing plantain to prolong its lifespan. The study focused on 5 clay body compositions (C1 to C5) and fired at 950°C. Composition C1?consisted of 50% of Abonko clay and 50% of Daboase clay. Composition C2 was made up of 40% Abonko clay, 50% Daboase clay and 10% of smooth sawdust. Composition C3 composed of 45% of Abonko clay, 45% of Daboase clay and 10% of smooth sawdust. Composition C4 was made up of 90% Daboase clay and 10% rough sawdust. The last composition C5 comprised mainly 100% Abonko clay. Fresh plantains obtained from Takoradi market circle were stored in the containers and weekly recordings of states of plantain for five consecutive weeks were carried out. It was revealed that C4 was successful in storing fresh plantains to ripe stage after the five weeks. It is recommended among others that, the technique should be made available to stakeholders such as Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA), plantain farmers and market plantain sellers through seminars, public education and symposia in order to minimize post-harvest losses.

关键词： Clay containers Plantain Storage

Different approaches to characterize artificial breeding sites of Aedes aegypti using generalized linear mixed models

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 97-107页

作者： Nicolás Flaibani Adriana A.Pérez Ignacio M.Barbero Nora E.Burroni Department of Ecology Genetics and EvolutionFaculty of Exact and Natural SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences Institute of EcologyGenetics and Evolution of Buenos Aires(IEGEBA-CONICET)University of Buenos Aires-National Council for Scientific and Technical ResearchBuenos AiresArgentina Applied Biostatistics Group Department of EcologyGenetics and EvolutionFaculty of Exact and Natural SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Study Group of Mosquitoes Department of EcologyGenetics and EvolutionFaculty of Exact and Natural SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Laboratory of Study of Insect Biology Center for Scientific Research and Technology Transfer to Production(ClCyTTP-CONICET-Entre Ríos-UADER)DiamanteEntre RíosArgentina

Background:As no globally accepted dengue vaccines or specific antiviral therapies are currently available,controlling breeding sites of Aedes aegypti is a target to prevent dengue outbreaks.The present study aimed to characterize outdoor artificial breeding sites in urban households using an exhaustive classification system.Methods:A cross-sectional entomological survey was carried out in Colón city,Entre Ríos,Argentina,using a two-stage stratified sampling design during March and April 2014.The city was stratified given the degree of urbanization of each block,and blocks and households were randomly selected.All outdoor containers with water were inspected,and the presence of immature mosquitoes was recorded.containers were classified according to physical,functional,and location attributes.Generalized linear mixed models were applied to take into account the aggregated nature of the data(containers in houses and houses in blocks).Results:Overall,207 houses were inspected.Out of 522 containers with water,25%had immatures ofAe.aegypti(7336).In adjusted models,the abundance of immatures was higher in containers with increasing opening surface and volume,without roof cover,exposed to shadow,out of use or with functions related to gardening activities,household chores,water storage,or construction.At block level,immatures abundance was positively associated with the degree of urbanization.Conclusions:We detected high immatures abundance in containers associated with water utilization.This suggests that containers involved in these activities,whether directly(e.g.,water storage)or indirectly(e.g.,incomplete water drainage in the last use),are susceptible to present a high immature abundance.Although our results indicate the importance of the type of use over the type of container,we encourage the use of both classification criteria for artificial breeding sites of mosquitoes,mainly because these are complementary.Additionally,generalized linear mixed models allowed us to analyse predictor variables at different scal

关键词： containers Immature mosquitoes Vectors

Informer:Irregular traffic detection for containerized microservices RPC in the real world

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High-Confidence Computing

High-Confidence Computing 2022年第2期2卷 69-78页

作者： Jiyu Chen Heqing Huang Hao Chen Department of Computer Science University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA AI Security Group ByteDance Inc.BeijingChina

Containerized microservices have been widely deployed in the industry.Meanwhile,security issues also arise.Many security enhancement mechanisms for containerized microservices require predefined rules and policies.However,it is challenging when it comes to thousands of microservices and a massive amount of real-time unstructured data.Hence,automatic policy generation becomes indispensable.In this paper,we focus on the automatic solution for the security problem:irregular traffic detection for RPCs.We propose Informer,a two-phase machine learning framework to track the traffic of each RPC and automatically report anomalous points.We first identify RPC chain patterns using density-based clustering techniques and build a graph for each critical pattern.Next,we solve the irregular RPC traffic detection problem as a prediction problem for attributed graphs with time series by leveraging spatial-temporal graph convolution networks.Since the framework builds multiple models and makes individual predictions for each RPC chain pattern,it can be efficiently updated upon legitimate changes in any graphs.In evaluations,we applied Informer to a dataset containing more than 7 billion lines of raw RPC logs sampled from a large Kubernetes system for two weeks.We provide two case studies of detected real-world threats.As a result,our framework found fine-grained RPC chain patterns and accurately captured the anomalies in a dynamic and complicated microservice production scenario,which demonstrates the effectiveness of Informer.Furthermore,we extensively evaluated the risk of adversarial attacks for our prediction model under different reality constraints and showed that the model is robust to such attacks in most real-world scenarios.

关键词： containers Microservices GCN RPC Anomaly detection Adversarial attacks

Rooting of Pinus radiata somatic embryos: factors involved in the success of the process

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 65-71页

作者： I.A.Montalbán P.Moncaleaán NEIKER-TECNALIA Centro de Arkaute

In vitro conditions of the culture media, plant growth regulators and culture containers may cause anatomical and physiological changes that have negative effects on rooting and ex vitro acclimatization of somatic plantlets. The control of these factors could contribute to the improvement of somatic embryogenesis systems in conifers, especially in pines. The influence of macronutrient concentrations, explant type and culture containers in Pinus radiata D. Don in vitro somatic embryo rooting were analyzed. The highest rooting percentage was observed using half-strength macronutrient concentrations, complete micronutrients and vitamins of Quoirin and Lepoivre medium. Although the use of glass culture vessels was the best to increase the efficiency of the somatic embryogenesis process in terms of rooting, the use of ventilated containers resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of plants able to be planted in the field.

关键词： Acclimatization Auxins containers Pinus radiata Somatic embryogenesis