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conservation management decreases surface runoff and soil erosion

International Soil and Water conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 188-196页

作者： Xuan Du Jinshi Jian Can Du Ryan D.Stewart Department of Hydraulic Engineering Yangling Vocational&Technical CollegeYang LingShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Pacific Northwest National Laboratory-University of Maryland Joint Global Change Research Institute 5825 University Research CourtSuite3500College ParkMDUSA Department of Bioengineering Yangling Vocational&Technical CollegeYang LingShaanxiChina School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Virginia

conservation management practices e including agroforestry,cover cropping,no-till,reduced tillage,and residue return e have been applied for decades to control surface runoff and soil erosion,yet results have not been integrated and evaluated across cropping *** this study we collected data comparing agricultural production with and without conservation management *** used a bootstrap resampling analysis to explore interactions between practice type,soil texture,surface runoff,and soil *** then used a correlation analysis to relate changes in surface runoff and soil erosion to 13 other soil health and agronomic indicators,including soil organic carbon,soil aggregation,infil-tration,porosity,subsurface leaching,and cash crop *** all conservation management practices,surface runoff and erosion had respective mean decreases of 67%and 80%compared with *** of cover cropping provided the largest decreases in erosion and surface runoff,thus emphasizing the importance of maintaining continuous vegetative cover on ***-and medium-textured soils had greater decreases in both erosion and runoff than fine-textured *** in surface runoff and soil erosion under conservation management were highly correlated with soil organic carbon,aggregation,porosity,infiltration,leaching,and yield,showing that conservation practices help drive important in-teractions between these different facets of soil *** study offers the first large-scale comparison of how different conservation agriculture practices reduce surface runoff and soil erosion,and at the same time provides new insight into how these interactions influence the improvement or loss of soil health。

关键词： conservation management Soil erosion Runoff Meta-analysis Soil he

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Population Ecology of the Endangered Himalayan Yew in Khokhan Wildlife Sanctuary of North Western Himalaya for conservation management

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第3期5卷 257-264页

作者： Shreekar Pant S.S.Samant Centre for Biodiversity Studies School of Biosciences & BiotechnologyBaba Ghulam Shah Badshah UniversityRajouriJ&KIndia G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development Himachal UnitMohal-Kullu-175126Himachal PradeshIndia

The Himalayan Yew (Taxus baccata subsp. wallichiana) is an endangered native high value medicinal plant of the Himalayan Region. The several medicinal properties of the bark and leaves of this species have increased its risk of extinction due to pressures for utilization. It is also subjected to harvest for fuelwood. The species does not regenerate well from seed and that is another risk factor. The objective of this research was to investigate the population ecology of the species as a foundation for its conservation. Six forest communities in the Khokhan Wildlife Sanctuary where the species is present were sampled. The abundance of the species, impacts of harvesting and its current regeneration patterns indicate that it may soon be extirpated from the Sanctuary. A plan for conserving the remaining sub-populations is presented. It could provide a template for conservation in other locations where the species is at risk.

关键词： Anthropogenic Pressure conservation management Himalayan Yew Khokhan Wildlife Sanctuary Regeneration

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Reducing the loss of genetic diversity associated with assisted colonization-like introductions of animals

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 827-834页

作者： Jaana KEKKONEN Jon E. BROMMER Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland

Translocations, especially assisted colonizations, of animals are increasingly used as a conservation management tool. In many cases, however, limited funding and other logistic challenges limit the number of individuals available for transloeation. In conservation genetics, small populations are predicted to rapidly lose genetic diversity which can deteriorate population survival. Thus, how worried should we be about the loss of genetic diversity when introducing small, isolated populations？ Historical species introductions provide a means to assess these issues. Here we review 13 studies of ＂assisted colonization-like＂ introductions of animals, where only a small known number of founders established an isolated population without secondary contact to the source population. We test which factors could be important in retaining genetic diversity in these cases. In many cases, loss in heterozygosity （-12.1%） was detected, and more seriously the loss in allelic richness （-27.8 %）. Number of founders seemed to have an effect but it also indicated that high population growth rate could help to retain genetic diversity, i.e. future management actions could be effective even with a limited number of founders if population growth would be enhanced. On the contrary, translocated organisms with longer generation times did not seem to retain more genetic diversity. We advocate that, where possible, future studies on translocated animals should report the loss of genetic diversity （both heterozygosity and allelic richness）, which is essential for meta-analyses like this one for deepening our understanding of the genetic consequences of assisted colonization, and justifying management decisions [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 827-834, 2015].

关键词： Introduced species Loss of genetic diversity Number of founders conservation management Population growth rate Generation time

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Identifying priority protection areas of key food resources of the giant panda

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动物学研究(英文) 2023年第5期44卷 860-866页

作者： Ying-Jie Ma Meng Wang Xiao-Yu Hu Xiao-Dong Gu Yu-Mei Li Fu-Wen Wei Yong-Gang Nie Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering College of Life Science and TechnologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqiXinjiang 830017China Sichuan Giant Panda National Park Administration ChengduSichuan 610081China Center for Evolution and conservation Biology Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)GuangzhouGuangdong 511458China

Animals that live in seasonal environments adjust their reproduction cycle to optimize seasonal forage *** pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)are seasonal altitudinal migrants that feed on bamboo shoots and leaves with different nutritional ***,the importance of bamboo shoots to giant pandas,especially small and isolated populations,is not fully ***,we explored whether mating time of giant pandas is shaped by bamboo shoot *** also assessed the intensity of ongoing bamboo shoot harvesting by local communities in 42 giant panda reserves based on questionnaire *** intensity and protection levels of bamboo shoot harvesting were *** these data,we developed a priority ranking scheme of protection areas for this key food *** study showed that pandas time their mating behavior to coincide with bamboo shoot phenology due to the high nutritional demands associated with mating and *** also found that bamboo shoots were not well protected in many ***,Daxiangling,and Xiaoxiangling,containing the most isolated panda populations,were identified as the areas with the most urgent need of ***,equal attention should be paid to the Qiong L-B population,as this region holds considerable potential to serve as a corridor between the Minshan and Qionglai *** address the challenges posed by bamboo shoot harvesting,we recommend establishing more practical bamboo shoot management policies,increasing public awareness of bamboo shoot protection,and providing alternative sources of income for local communities.

关键词： Giant panda Forage quality Bamboo shoot harvesting Reproduction timing conservation management

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Comparative population genetic analyses suggest hybrid origin of Rhododendron pubicostatum,an endangered plant species with extremely small populations endemic to Yunnan,China

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 312-318页

作者： Xuemei Zhang Hantao Qin Weijia Xie Yongpeng Ma Weibang Sun Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Kunming650201YunnanChina Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Kunming650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049BeijingChina Flower Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agriculture SciencesKunming650201China

Gene flow between sympatric congeneric plants is thought to be very common and may pose serious threats to endangered *** the present study,we evaluate the genetic diversity and divergence of three sympatric Rhododendron species in Jiaozi Mountain using newly developed microsatellites through the Illumina MiSeq sequencing *** diversity of all three Rhododendron species studied was moderate in comparison to genetic parameters previously reported from species of this ***,genetic structure analysis of the three species identified a possible hybrid origin of the threatened *** sympatry should be considered a unimodal hybrid zone,since *** is predominant *** hybrid zones are uncommon in Rhododendron,despite the fact that hybridization frequently occurs in the *** pertaining to the conservation of *** resulting from admixture of genetic material from its parental species are discussed.

关键词： Rhododendron pubicostatum Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations(PSESP) Microsatellite markers Illumina MiSeq sequencing conservation management

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Improving the knowledge of plant potential biodiversity-ecosystem services links using maps at the regional level in Southern Patagonia

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 709-734页

作者： Yamina Micaela Rosas Pablo L.Peri María Vanessa Lencinas Romina Lasagno Guillermo J.Martínez Pastur Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas(CADIC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Houssay 2009410 UshuaiaTierra del FuegoArgentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral(UNPA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)CC 3329400 Río GallegosSanta CruzArgentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) CC 3329400 Río GallegosSanta CruzArgentina.

Background:Biodiversity supports multiple ecosystem services,whereas species loss endangers the provision of many services and affects ecosystem resilience and resistance *** increase of remote sensing techniques allows to estimate biodiversity and ecosystem services supply at the landscape level in areas with low available data(*** Patagonia).This paper evaluates the potential biodiversity and how it links with ecosystem services,based on vascular plant species across eight ecological *** also evaluated the habitat plant requirements and their relation with natural gradients.A total of 977 plots were used to develop habitat suitability maps based on an environmental niche factor analysis of 15 more important indicator species for each ecological area(n=53 species)using 40 explanatory ***,these maps were combined into a single potential biodiversity map,which was linked with environmental variables and ecosystem services *** comparisons,data were extracted and compared through analyses of ***:The plant habitat requirements varied greatly among the different ecological areas,and it was possible to define groups according to its specialization and marginality *** potential biodiversity map allowed us to detect coldspots in the western mountains and hotspots in southern and eastern *** biodiversity was associated to higher temperatures and normalized difference vegetation index,while lower biodiversity was related to elevation and *** biodiversity was closely associated with supporting and provisioning ecosystem services in shrublands and grasslands in the humid steppe,while the lowest values were related to cultural ecosystem services in Nothofagus ***:The present study showed that plant species present remarkable differences in spatial distributions and ecological requirements,being a useful proxy for potential biodiversity *** biodiversity values

关键词： Habitat suitability Environmental variables Ecosystem functions conservation management Ecosystem services Landscape modelling

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Benefits of conservation-driven mowing for the EU policy species Gladiolus palustris Gaudin in mountain fen meadows:a case-study in the European Alps

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第9期17卷 2097-2107页

作者： Marco CANELLA Gianni POLONIATO Cesare LASEN Simone ORSENIGO Graziano ROSSI Jonas V.MüLLER Thomas ABELI Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of PaviaVia S.Epifanio1427100 PaviaItaly Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park Piazzale Zancanaro1-32032 FeltreItaly Millennium Seed Bank Conservation ScienceRoyal Botanic Gardens KewArdingly RH176TNWest SussexUK Department of Science University of Roma 3Viale Guglielmo Marconi 44600146RomaItaly

The sword lily Gladiolus palustris Gaudin is protected on European level and listed in Annexes II and IV of the EC Habitat Directive 92/43/*** grows in nutrient-poor,calcareous meadows in central and eastern *** encroachment in montane meadows of the European Alps as a result of recent land use changes and the abandonment of traditional farming practices threaten the survival of this ***-driven mowing is considered a feasible conservation measure for maintaining high species diversity in abandoned semi-natural *** assess the effects of tenyears of biennial mowing on a grassland community in the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park,Italy(Site of Community Importance,Natura 2000 network),ten25 m2 plots were established whereby four plots were placed in the mowed area,four in the non-mowed area and two in a small non-mowed patch of grassland inside the mowed *** each plot the following variables were recorded,total percentage of plant cover,percentage cover of woody species,percentage cover of herbaceous species,percentage cover and number of flowering ramets of *** and a complete list of species and their percentage *** plots showed a higher species richness than non-mowed *** number of *** flowering ramets and percentage cover increased manifold in mowed plots compared to nonmowed *** resumption of mowing forconservation purposes undertaken by the managing authority halted the process of tree encroachment and avoided a drastic change in plant *** mowing(every second or third year)was demonstrated to be a cost-effective conservation measure in non-productive grasslands to keep grasses at bay in favour of forbs of high conversation value.

关键词： conservation management Seminatural habitats Habitat directive Montane grassland Natura 2000 network Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park

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Genetic composition,genetic diversity and small-scale environmental variation matter for the experimental reintroduction of a rare plant

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 805-813页

作者： Daniel Prati Markus Peintinger Markus Fischer Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of BernZähringerstrasse 25CH-3012 BernSwitzerland WSL-Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald Schnee und LandschaftZürcherstrasse 111CH-8903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland

Aims Reintroduction has become an important tool for the management of endangered plant *** tested the little-explored effects of small-scale environmental variation,genotypic composition(*** of genotypes)and genotypic diversity on the population survival of the regionally rare clonal plant Ranunculus *** this species of periodically inundated lakeshores,genetic differentiation had been reported between populations and between short-flooded and long-flooded microsites within *** We established 306 experimental test populations at a previously unoccupied lakeshore,comprising either monocultures of 32 genotypes,mixtures of genotypes within populations or mixtures of genotypes between *** 2000,three years after planting out at the experimental site,a long-lasting flood caused the death of half of the experimental *** 2003,an extreme drought resulted in the lowest summer water levels ever *** Findings Despite these climatic extremes,27%of the established populations survived in December *** success of experimental populations largely differed between ***,the success of genotype monocultures depended on genotype and source *** differentiation between microsites played a minor role for the success of *** the flood,populations planted with genotypes from different source populations increased in abundance,whereas populations with genotypes from single source populations and genotype monocultures *** 2014,several small patches of Ranunculus clones were still present,but plants were strongly intermingled,which precluded their assignment to the original *** conclude that sources for reintroductions need to be selected ***,mixtures of plants from different populations appear to be the best choice for successful reintroduction,at least in unpredictably varying environments.

关键词： conservation management global change lakeshore Ranunculus reptans

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Seasonal variations in the plant diet of the Chinese Monal revealed by fecal DNA metabarcoding analysis

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Avian Research 2022年第2期13卷 208-215页

作者： Bin Wang Yun Li Guiquan Zhang Jian Yang Cao Deng Haoyu Hu Long Zhang Xiaoqin Xu Caiquan Zhou Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchong637002China Institute of Ecology China West Normal UniversityNanchong637002China Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassl and Administration on conservation Biology of Rare Animalsin the Giant Panda National Park(China conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda) Dujiangyan611830China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province College of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing100700China

The Chinese Monal(Lophophorus thuysii)is an alpine-obligate galliform species of global conservation *** has been listed as a first class protected wildlife species in China,requiring conservation actions during the 14 th Five-Year Plan ***,the diet composition of Chinese Monal and its seasonal variations have rarely been studied,constraining the effective conservation of the ***,we investigated the plant diet composition of the Chinese Monal and its seasonal variations using a DNA metabarcoding approach on fecal *** collected 190 fecal samples of the Chinese Monals from the central Qionglai Mountains located in China,and analyzed the plant diet of this species using a DNA metabarcoding *** profiling of higher plants in the fecal samples was performed using the second internal transcribed spacer(ITS2)*** analyses,including rarefaction curves,nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)and permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA),were used to explore the seasonal variations in diet *** Chinese Monal foraged a wide range of plant recipes composed of 35 families and 83 genera throughout the year,with Brassicaceae,Apiaceae,and Poaceae as the dominant families,and Cardamine as the dominant *** species consumed plants from 62 genera from 28 families during the breeding season(n=81)and 66 genera from 31 families during the non-breeding season(n=109).Further,the plant diet composition significantly varied between the breeding and non-breeding seasons,especially for the frequency of occurrence and relative read abundances at genus *** study analyzed the plant diet of the Chinese Monal at a high resolution for the first time,and the results revealed that the seasonal variations in its plant diet composition was adapted to plant phenology and foraging *** species,a previously confirmed important food resource for the Chinese Monal,were not detected in any fe

关键词： Chinese monal conservation management Diet seasonality DNA metabarcoding Endangered species

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Genetic Differentiation and conservation of 14 Surviving Individuals of Euryodendron excelsum Endemic to China

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Frontiers in Biology 2006年第1期1卷 23-28页

作者： Wang Ting Su Yingjuan Ye Huagu Ouyang Puyue Jiang Yu Sun Yufei Chen Guopei Deng Feng Zhang Hongda School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China

Random amplification polymorphicDNA(RAPD)markers were used to assess the genetic variations and the evolutionary relationships among all 14 individuals of a critically endangered Euryodendron excelsum(Theaceae)population distributed in Ba Jia Zhen,Yangchun,Guangdong,***-three random primers detected 156 sites,out of which 95(60.26%)were polymorphic *** number of the observed alleles was 1.6090,and the number of the effective alleles was ***’s gene diversity was 0.1993,and Shannon index was 0.1534.A relatively high level of genetic variation was identified in *** unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA)tree established from Jaccard similarity coefficients suggested that 14 individuals were clustered into two subgroups and that the No.2 plant was genetically distant from the rest of the *** UPGMA clustering was also supported by a principle components analysis of RAPD phenotypic *** management and conservation strategy of *** was proposed based on our results.

关键词： Euryodendron excelsum population genetic variation RAPD markers conservation management

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