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A Two-Level Hierarchical Graph Model for Conflict resolution with Application to International Climate Change Negotiations

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第3期29卷 251-272页

作者： Shawei He Keith W.Hipel Haiyan Xu Ye Chen College of Economics and Management Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjingChina 211106 College of Civil Aviation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjingChina 211106 Department of Systemns Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada N2L 3G1 Centre for International Governance Innovation WaterlooOntarioCanada N2L 6C2 Balsillie School of International Affairs WaterlooOntarioCanada N2L 6C2

A novel two-level hierarchical graph model is developed to analyze international climate change negotiations with hierarchical structures:the negotiations take place between two nations and between each nation and its provincial governments.The two national government are two decision makers at the top level.Within each nation,the two provincial governments negotiate with the national government at the lower level.The theoretical structure of this novel model,including decision makers,options,moves,and preference relations,are developed.The interrelationship between the stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model and the stabilities in local models are investigated by theorems.These theorems can be utilized to calculate complete stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model when the stabilities in local graph models are known.The international climate change negotiations as the illustrative example is then investigated in detail.The extra equilibrium,uniquely obtained by this novel methodology,suggests that opposition may still be from one provincial government when the national government does not sign the international climate agreement and implements existing environmental laws.Compared with other approaches,this novel methodology is an effective and flexible tool in analyzing hierarchical conflicts at two levels by providing decision makers with strategic resolutions with broader vision.

关键词： Conflict resolution hierarchical graph model climate change negotiations relative preference

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A multi-aircraft conflict detection and resolution method for 4-dimensional trajectory-based operation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2018年第7期31卷 1579-1593页

作者： Siqi HAO Shaowu CHENG Yaping ZHANG School of Transportation Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology

conflict Detection and resolution（CD＆R） is the key to ensure aviation safety based on Trajectory Prediction（TP）. Uncertainties that affect aircraft motions cause difficulty in an accurate prediction of the trajectory, especially in the context of four-dimensional（4D） Trajectory-Based Operation（4DTBO）, which brings the uncertainty of pilot intent. This study draws on the idea of time geography, and turns the research focus of CD＆R from TP to an analysis of the aircraft reachable space constrained by 4D waypoint constraints. The concepts of space–time reachability of aircraft and space–time potential conflict space are proposed. A novel pre-CD＆R scheme for multiple aircraft is established. A key advantage of the scheme is that the uncertainty of pilot intent is accounted for via a Space-Time Prism（STP） for aircraft. conflict detection is performed by verifying whether the STPs of aircraft intersect or not, and Conflict resolution is performed by planning a conflict-free space–time trajectory avoiding intersection. Numerical examples are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

关键词： Air traffic control Collision avoidance conflict detection Conflict resolution Time geography Trajectory planning

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Learning Scalable Task Assignment with Imperative-Priori Conflict resolution in Multi-UAV Adversarial Swarm Defense Problem

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 369-388页

作者： ZHAO Zhixin CHEN Jie XIN Bin LI Li JIAO Keming ZHENG Yifan School of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China School of Automation Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Beijing 100081China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China.

The multi-UAV adversary swarm defense(MUASD)problem is to defend a static base against an adversary UAV swarm by a defensive UAV swarm.Decomposing the problem into task assignment and low-level interception strategies is a widely used approach.Learning-based approaches for task assignment are a promising direction.Existing studies on learning-based methods generally assume decentralized decision-making architecture,which is not beneficial for Conflict resolution.In contrast,centralized decision-making architecture is beneficial for Conflict resolution while it is often detrimental to scalability.To achieve scalability and Conflict resolution simultaneously,inspired by a self-attention-based task assignment method for sensor target coverage problem,a scalable centralized assignment method based on self-attention mechanism together with a defender-attacker pairwise observation preprocessing(DAP-SelfAtt)is proposed.Then,an imperative-priori Conflict resolution(IPCR)mechanism is proposed to achieve conflict-free assignment.Further,the IPCR mechanism is parallelized to enable efficient training.To validate the algorithm,a variant of proximal policy optimization algorithm(PPO)is employed for training in scenarios of various scales.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only achieves conflict-free task assignment but also maintains scalability,and significantly improve the success rate of defense.

关键词： Conflict resolution reinforcement learning scalability task assignment.

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Conflict resolution for connected automated vehicles at unsignalized roundabouts considering personalized driving behaviours

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2022年第1期1卷 26-36页

作者： Peng Hang Yiran Zhang Niels de Boer Chen Lv School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Energy Research Institute(ERIAN) Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore

To address the driving conflicts of connected automated vehicles(CAVs)at unsignalized roundabouts,a cooperative decision-making framework is proposed.The personalized driving preferences of CAVs are considered in the decision-making algorithm,which are reflected by different driving styles.A motion prediction algorithm is used to improve the decision-making performance.The effect of the motion prediction algorithm on the decisionmaking performance is evaluated,including the advancement of driving safety and the computational load for the hardware.The cooperative game theoretic approach is applied to the interaction modelling and collaborative decision making of CAVs.Finally,hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)tests are carried out to evaluate the feasibility and real-time performance of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Decision making Connected automated vehicles Conflict resolution Cooperative game theory Unsignalized roundabout

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A hybrid distributed-centralized Conflict resolution approach for multi-aircraft based on cooperative co-evolutionary

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第12期56卷 281-296页

作者： ZHANG XueJun GUAN XiangMin HWANG Inseok CAI KaiQuan School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang University

Conflict resolution(CR)plays a crucial role in safe air trafc management(ATM).In this paper,we propose a new hybrid distributed-centralized tactical CR approach based on cooperative co-evolutionary named the CCDG(cooperative co-evolutionary with dynamic grouping)strategy to overcome the drawbacks of the current two types of approaches,the totally centralized approach and distributed approach.Firstly,aircraft are divided into several sub-groups based on their interdependence.Besides,a dynamic grouping strategy is proposed to group the aircraft to better deal with the tight coupling among them.The sub-groups are adjusted dynamically as new conflicts appear after each iteration.Secondly,a fast genetic algorithm(GA)is used by each sub-group to optimize the paths of the aircraft simultaneously.Thirdly,the aircraft’s optimal paths are obtained through cooperation among diferent sub-groups based on cooperative co-evolutionary(CC).An experimental study on two illustrative scenarios is conducted to compare the CCDG method with some other existing approaches and it is shown that CCDG which can get the optimal solution efectively and efciently in near real time,outperforms most of the existing approaches including Stratway,the fast GA,a general evolutionary path planner,as well as three well-known cooperative co-evolution algorithms.

关键词： multi-aircraft Conflict resolution hybrid distributed-centralized dynamic grouping strategy cooperative co-evolutionary

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The Chinese Perspective on Conflict resolution in the Gulf

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2019年第4期13卷 556-567,I0005页

作者： Jun Ding Qian Zhao Middle East Studies Institute Shanghai International Studies UniversityShanghaiChina International Relations and Public Affairs&Middle East Studies Institute Shanghai International Studies UniversityShanghaiChina

The Middle East has been in a state of turbulence,poor governance and inadequate development for a long time.The Gulf remains stable,although it is caught up in various regional disputes.It is a major task for both the international community and regional countries to consider how to effectively resolve these conflicts,promote regional governance and eventually achieve the long-term stability of the Gulf and the entire Middle East.China,with its commitment to peace,development and cooperation,is cautiously participating in reforming the Middle Eastern governance system.It is devoted to building a new type of international relations and a community with a shared future of humankind,albeit in a prudent manner;it highlights being an important promoter of peace,stability and industrialisation in the Middle East;it also engages in peace talks and Conflict resolution in an incremental manner.China is putting the concept of peaceful development and mutual benefits into practice and helps the Middle East to embark on a new road of comprehensive reform,but so far it lacks specific scenarios and concrete roadmaps for peace in the Gulf.It also stresses interconnectivity and amity via interaction,but the Gulf Conflict resolutions still have a long way to go.This paper explores Chinese principles in resolving regional conflicts from the aspects of history,politics,development,security and civilisation,and forecasts what hurdles China may face on the road to playing a bigger role.

关键词： The Middle East the Gulf region Conflict resolution China and the Middle East global governance

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Research on Conflict resolution method for multi aircrafts based on mixed integer programming

Research on conflict resolution method for multi aircrafts b...

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第32届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Xiangmin GUAN Renli LV Ruiyou Li Qing Zhang CAAC Key laboratory of General Aviation Operation Department of General AviationCivil Aviation Management Institute of China General Aviation Institute of Zhejiang JianDe

In order to ensure flight safety,aviation industry has put forward various methods.Reasonable flight Conflict resolution method is the key technology to ensure the safe flight of aircrafts.However,the traditional Conflict resolution method based on linear programming only allows the aircraft to change speed or angle,which reduces the flexibility of aircraft and is difficult to meet the need of eliminating conflicts to the greatest extent.Firstly,aiming at minimizing the cost of Conflict resolution,this paper constructs a mathematical model based on integer programming,which can optimize the speed,heading angle and altitude of an aircraft at the same time,and uses CPLEX software to solve the problem.Experiments in classical scenarios show that the proposed method can effectively solve the Conflict resolution problem among a larger scale of aircrafts.

关键词： linear programming Conflict resolution large scale optimize at the same time

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Conflict resolution problems solved with linear programming in air traffic management systems

Conflict resolution problems solved with linear programming ...

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第32届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Xiangmin GUAN Renli LV Huaxian Liu CAAC Key laboratory of General Aviation Operation Department of General AviationCivil Aviation Management Institute of China General Aviation Institute of Zhejiang JianDe School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang University

In the framework of free flight,there can be no intersection between the protected areas of two planes.The traditional Conflict resolution methods allow generally the aircraft to change the speed alone or to change angle alone.Starting from the method of linear programming and based on solving some special problems,this article presents a method that can change the speed and angle of aircraft in the same time.Finally,some tests verify the feasibility of the method.

关键词： linear programming air traffic Conflict resolution free flight

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Conflict resolution

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中国多媒体与网络教学学报（电子版） 2015年第2期 30-32页

作者：罗洋四川省成都市第七中学

在新课改的背景下,翻转课堂成为教学的新形式,要求学生在内容学习的基础上进行知识的理解和运用。本课主题为'conflict',通过课前的微课视频学习,学生已经学习了'冲突'相关背景知识和相关词汇。在课堂上,教师设计一系列的听说训练活动,... 详细信息

在新课改的背景下,翻转课堂成为教学的新形式,要求学生在内容学习的基础上进行知识的理解和运用。本课主题为'conflict',通过课前的微课视频学习,学生已经学习了'冲突'相关背景知识和相关词汇。在课堂上,教师设计一系列的听说训练活动,帮助学生巩固目标词汇的理解和运用;并创设情境,让学生在语境中判断说话者的态度,提炼出解决冲突的方法,提升学生的英语听说能力。

关键词：听说训练背景知识 Conflict resolution 新课改听力策略说话者解决冲突翻转课堂

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Conflict resolution Based on Collaborative Design of Grid Services

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2008年第4期13卷 490-494页

作者： LUO Zuomin ZHANG Jing ZHOU Hongfang CHEN Xinhua School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi＇an University of Technology Xi＇an 710048 Shaanxi China

To the issues of low efficiency of Conflict resolution method in collaborative design, we proposed a method, which is Conflict resolution about collaborative design based on grid services.It uses the grid services from the current design points, uses the method of retrospective thinking to find the conflict point by detecting, and then uses the corresponding method to resolve the conflict point according to the conflict characteristic, after that carried on the conflict detection again. If there is still the conflict, resolve the conflict point again, until the conflict no longer exists. This method combines various traditional resolution methods, makes full use of the grid idle high-performance large-scale sharing resources. With this method the collaborative design Conflict resolution cost reduced and the Conflict resolution efficiency was raised. And then the problem which is not handled completely was then solved, so that the Conflict resolution Quality was guaranteed.

关键词： grid services collaborative design Conflict resolution conflict characteristic conflict detection

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