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complex systems and emergence： How theory meets reality

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力学进展 2013年第4期43卷 359-389页

作者： GAO Jianbo PMB Intelligence LLC Sunnyvale CA 94087 USA Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USA

Emergent behaviors of complex systems have fascinated mankind for aeons. It is only in recent decades that extensive efforts have been made to quantitatively study them, resulting in important theories and tools such as chaos theory, random fractal theory, and multiscale analyses. This article aims to convey the best practices in this vast field, emphasizing theory meets reality. As illustrative examples, cyber-security, financial crises, river flow dynamics, and world-wide political conflicts will be briefly discussed. Important future research directions will also be outlined.

关键词： complex systems emergence chaos fractal cyber security financial crisis river dynamics political conflicts

complex systems in Economics and Where to Find Them

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Journal of systems Science & complexity 2021年第1期34卷 314-338页

作者： GOMES Orlando GUBAREVA Mariya ISCAL-Lisbon Accounting and Business School Instituto Politécnico de Lisboaand CEFAGE-ISCAL/IPL Research CenterISCALAv.Miguel Bornbarda 201069-035 LisbonPortugal Accounting and Business School Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa SOCIUS-Research Centre in Economic and Organizational Sociology CSG-Research in Social Sciences and Management

The economy as a whole and most of its constituent parts, like markets, government institutions, firms, or households, are inherently complex conceptual constructions. Micro-level diversity,decentralized interaction, self-organization, adaptation and learning, emergence, and evolution, are some of the fundamental features that the above entities share and that allow to classify them as being complex entities. In a complex economic system, existing structures of interaction are in constant mutation as individual agents contact and influence one another and, by doing so, reshape the macro environment in which socio-economic relations unfold. Notwithstanding the observed pervasiveness of complexity in economics, there are a few areas of economic thought where the discussion on the theme has gained an exceptional relevance. In this article, six of such areas are identified and their complex nature is highlighted and scrutinized. These pertain to:(i) Knowledge interactions and technological innovation;(ii) Corporate design and organizational learning;(iii) Public policies directed at market regulation;(iv) Banking and financial markets;(v) Environmental economics, sustainability,and climate change;and(vi) income inequality.

关键词： Agent-based models complex networks complex systems emergent phenomena evolutionary nature market regulation public policies

Performance evaluation of complex systems using evidential reasoning approach with uncertain parameters

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第1期34卷 194-208页

作者： Leiyu CHEN Zhijie ZHOU Changhua HU Ruihua YUE Zhichao FENG High-Tech Institute of Xi’an Xi’an 710025China Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001China

The composition of the modern aerospace system becomes more and more *** performance degradation of any device in the system may cause it difficult for the whole system to keep normal working ***,it is essential to evaluate the performance of complex aerospace *** this paper,the performance evaluation of complex aerospace systems is regarded as a Multi-Attribute Decision Analysis(MADA)*** on the structure and working principle of the system,a new Evidential Reasoning(ER)based approach with uncertain parameters is proposed to construct a nonlinear optimization model to evaluate the system *** the model,the interval form is used to express the uncertainty,such as error in testing data and inaccuracy in expert *** order to analyze the subsystems that have a great impact on the performance of the system,the sensitivity analysis of the evaluation result is carried out,and the corresponding maintenance strategy is *** a type of Inertial Measurement Unit(IMU)used in a rocket,the proposed method is employed to evaluate its ***,the parameter sensitivity of the evaluation result is analyzed,and the main factors affecting the performance of IMU are ***,the comparative study shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： complex systems Evidential reasoning approach Interval value Performance evaluation Uncertain parameters

Evaluation Model and Method of Margin in Electromagnetic Environmental Effects for complex systems

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2021年第1期30卷 171-179页

作者： TANG Shiping MAO Junfa Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Design and Electromagnetic Compatibility of High Speed Electronic System Shanghai Jiao Tong University Research Center for Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Southeast University

Margin is an important index in the control of Electromagnetic environmental effects(E3) and Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) design for *** to define and verify the E3 margins of complex systems such as ships and airplanes is a difficult problem.A new method of system-level E3 margin evaluation is proposed. Based on the theory of fault tree, the evaluation model of system-level margin is *** complex system function is transformed into the equipment and subsystem that affect the function, and the relationship between margin of system-level and equipment is established. The change from margin of equipment to system-level margin is realized. According to the action process of Electromagnetic environment(EME), the verification and evaluation methods of EME domain, response domain and effect domain are put forward. The margin calculation formula of EME domain and typical electromagnetic energy coupling response are deduced. The problem of margin evaluation for equipment under different input parameters is solved. A typical application example is given. The verification test scheme is designed. The methods of electromagnetic energy radiation and injection are adopted. The system-level margin is analyzed by the data obtained from the effective test verification. The results show that the model and method are reasonable and feasible.

关键词： Electromagnetic environmental effects Electromagnetic compatibility Margin Fault tree analysis Test evaluation complex systems

Mutually trustworthy human-machine knowledge automation and hybrid augmented intelligence:mechanisms and applications of cognition,management,and control for complex systems

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022年第8期23卷 1142-1157页

作者： Fei-Yue WANG Jianbo GUO Guangquan BU Jun Jason ZHANG The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of complex systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State Grid Cooperation of China Beijing 100031China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

In this paper,we aim to illustrate the concept of mutually trustworthy human-machine knowledge automation(HM-KA)as the technical mechanism of hybrid augmented intelligence(HAI)based complex system cognition,management,and control(CMC).We describe the historical development of complex system science and analyze the limitations of human intelligence and machine *** need for using human-machine HAI in complex systems is then explained in *** concept of“mutually trustworthy HM-KA”mechanism is proposed to tackle the CMC challenge,and its technical procedure and pathway are demonstrated using an example of corrective control in bulk power grid *** is expected that the proposed mutually trustworthy HM-KA concept can provide a novel and canonical mechanism and benefit real-world practices of complex system CMC.

关键词： complex systems Human-machine knowledge automation Parallel systems Bulk power grid dispatch Artificial intelligence Internet of Minds(IoM)

Hierarchical Self-organization of complex systems

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 440-445页

作者： CHAILi-he WENDong-sheng SchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering TianjinUniversityTianjin300072P.R.China InstituteofParticleScienceandEngineering UniversityofLeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Researches on organization and structure in complex systems are academic and industrial fronts in modern sciences. Though many theories are tentatively proposed to analyze complex systems, we still lack a rigorous theory on them. complex systems possess various degrees of freedom, which means that they should exhibit all kinds of structures. However, complex systems often show similar patterns and structures. Then the question arises why such similar structures appear in all kinds of complex systems. The paper outlines a theory on freedom degree compression and the existence of hierarchical self-organization for all complex systems is found. It is freedom degree compression and hierarchical self-organization that are responsible for the existence of these similar patterns or structures observed in the complex systems.

关键词： complex systems Degrees of freedom Hierarchical Self-organization

Redox reactions of iron and manganese oxides in complex systems

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第5期14卷 3-14页

作者： Jianzhi Huang Huichun Zhang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA

Conspectus:Redox reactions of Fe-and Mn-oxides play important roles in the fate and transformation of many contaminants in natural *** to experimental and analytical challenges associated with complex environments,there has been a limited understanding of the reaction kinetics and mechanisms in actual environmental systems,and most of the studies so far have only focused on simple model *** bridge the gap between simple model systems and complex environmental systems,it is necessary to increase the complexity of model systems and examine both the involved interaction mechanisms and how the interactions affected contaminant *** this Account,we primarily focused on(1)the oxidative reactivity of Mn-and Fe-oxides and(2)the reductive reactivity of Fe(Ⅱ)/iron oxides in comolex model systems toward contaminant *** effects of common metal ions such as Mn2+,Ca2+,Ni2+,Cr3+and Cu2+,ligands such as small anionic ligands and natural organic matter(NOM),and second metal oxides such as A1,Si and Ti oxides on the redox reactivity of the systems are briefly summarized.

关键词： Iron oxides Manganese oxides Reduction Oxidation complex systems Reaction kinetics and mechanisms

Fractional core-based collapse mechanism and structural optimization in complex systems

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第9期66卷 168-183页

作者： Shubin SI Changchun LV Zhiqiang CAI Dongli DUAN Jurgen KURTHS Zhen WANG School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Key Laboratory of Industrial Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing(Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) School of Information and Control Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Instiute of Physics Humboldt-University Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research

Catastrophic and major disasters in real-world systems ranging from financial markets and ecosystems, often show generic early-warning signals that may indicate a collapse. Hence, understanding the collapse mechanism of a complex network and predicting its process are of uttermost importance. However, these challenges are often hindered by the extremely high dimensionality of the underlying *** present here the concept of the fractional core(F-core) that considers the contribution of the network topology and dynamics to systematically analyze the collapse process in such networks, and encompass a broad range of dynamical systems, from mutualistic ecosystems to regulatory dynamics. We offer testable predictions on the tipping point, and, in particular, prove that the extinction of the maximum F-core of a network is an efficient indicator of whether a system completely collapses. The results show that the death of species or cells in a low-order F-core may improve the average density and have little influence on the tipping point. Generally, the principle of the F-core demonstrates how complex systems collapse and opens an innovative optimization strategy to uncover the optimal structure of systems.

关键词： collapse mechanism tipping point structural optimization complex systems phase transition

Engineering complex systems applied to risk management in the mining industry

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第4期27卷 611-616页

作者： Domingues Maria S.Q. Baptista Adelina L.F. Diogo Miguel Tato CERENA - Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto 4200-465 Portugal CLEGI-Centre Lusiada of Research and Development in Engineering and Industrial Management University Lusiada-North Vila Nova de Famalicao 4760-108 Portugal

Related to complexity, there is a wide diversity of concepts, ranging from ‘‘systemic" to ‘‘complex", implying a need for a unified terminology. Per different authors, the main drivers of complexity can be found in human behaviour and uncertainty. This complexity, structural or dynamic can be organizational, technological, or nested in their relationship. ISO international standard 31000:2009 definition of risk management ‘‘coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk", when applied to economic sectors, industry, services, project, or activity, it requires the use of models or theories as guidelines. Therefore, as its basic elements comprehend human behaviour and/or uncertainty, risk management to be effective and adapted as much as possible to reality, must be operational within complex systems, as already demonstrated in different R&D environments. Risk management faces demanding challenges when approaching specific and endogenous needs, such as the mining sector. This paper presents a multivariable function analysis methodology approach based on complex system modelling and through real data corresponding to a risk management tool in the mining sector.

关键词： Risk Risk management complex systems Mining Decision making