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comparative analyses of current three-dimensional numerical solar wind models

Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第6期58卷 839-858页

作者： Shi Tsan WU Murray DRYER Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research the University of Alabama in Huntsville Space Weather Predictions Center National Weather Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

We present a comparative study of the most advanced three-dimensional time-dependent numerical simulation models of solar wind. These models can be classified into two categories：（I） theoretical, empirical and numerically based models and （Ⅱ） self-consistent multi-dimensional numerical magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） models. The models of Category I are used to sep- arately describe the solar wind solution in two plasma flows regions： transonic/trans-Alfvrnic and supersonic/super-Alfvenic, respectively. Models of Category II construct a complete, single, numerical solar wind solution through subsonic/sub-Alfvrnic region into supersonic/super-Alfvrnic region. The Wang-Sheeley-Arge （WSA）/ENLIL in CISM is the most successful space weather model that belongs to Category I, and the Block-Adaptive-Tree-Solarwind-Roe-Upwind-Scheme （BATS-R-US） code in SWMF （Space Weather Modeling Framework） and the solar-interplanetary conservative element solution element MHD （SIP-CESE MHD） model in SWIM （Space Weather Integrated Model） are the most commonly-used models that belong to Category II. We review the structures of their frameworks, the main results for solar wind background studies that are essential for solar transient event studies, and discuss the common features and differences between these two categories of solar wind models. Finally, we conclude that the transition of these two categories of models to operational use depends on the availability of computational resources at reasonable cost and point out that the models＇ prediction capabilities may be improved by employing finer computational grids, incorporating more observational data and by adding more physical constraints to the models.

关键词： space weather solar wind models comparative analyses

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comparative analyses of simple sequence repeats(SSRs)in 23 mosquito species genomes:Identification,characterization and distribution(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第4期26卷 607-619页

作者： Xiao-Ting Wang Yu-Juan Zhang Liang Qiao Bin Chen Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal BiologyInstitute of Entomology and Molecular BiologyChongqing Normal UniversityChongqingChina

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) exist in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and are the most popular genetic markers, but the SSRs of mosquito genomes are still not well understood. In this study, we identified and analyzed the SSRs in 23 mosquito species using Drosophila melanogaster as reference at the whole-genome level. The results show that SSR numbers (33 076-560 175/genome) and genome sizes (574.57-1342.21 Mb) are significantly positively correlated (R~= 0.8992, P < 0.01), but the correlation in individual species varies in these mosquito species. In six types of SSR, mono- to trinucleotide SSRs are dominant with cumulative percentages of 95.14%-99.00% and densities of 195.65/Mb-787.51/Mb, whereas tetra- to hexanucleotide SSRs are rare with 1.12%-4.22% and 3.76/Mb-40.23/Mb. The (A/T)n,(AC/GT)n and (AGC/GCT)n are the most frequent motifs in mononucleotide, dinucleotide and trinucleotide SSRs, respectively, and the motif frequencies of tetra- to hexanucleotide SSRs appear to be species-specific. The 10-20 bp length of SSRs are dominant with the number of 11() 561 ± 93 482 and the frequency of 87.25%± 5.73% on average, and the number and frequency decline with the increase oflength. Most SSRs(83.34%± 7.72%) are located in intergenic regions, followed by intron regions (11.59%± 5.59%), exon regions (3.74%± 1.95%), and untranslated regions (1.32%± 1.39%). The mono-, di- and trinucleotide SSRs are the main SSRs in both gene regions (98.55%± 0.85%) and exon regions (99.27%± 0.52%). An average of 42.52% of total genes contains SSRs, and the preference for SSR occurrenee in different gene subcategories are species-specific. The study provides useful insights into the SSR diversity, characteristics and distribution in 23 mosquito species of genomes.

关键词： characterization comparative analyses distribution mosquito simple sequence repeats(SSRs) whole-genome identification

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ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR CONDUCTING comparative analyses OF CADASTRAL SYSTEMS

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Chinese Geographical Science 2002年第4期12卷 366-372页

作者： BELEJMiroslaw ZROBEKSabina LIANGLiu-ke DepartmentofGeodesyandLandManagement FacultyofLandManagementandRuralDevelopmentUniversityofWarmiaandMazuryinOlsztyn10-724OlsztynPrawochenskiego15Poland CollegeofEnvironmentandPlanning HenanUniversityKaifeng475001P.R.China

The conception of an efficient cadastral system is an important element in the development of each *** is crucial for the efficient operation of the real estate market-the security and liberty of making tr ansactions,register-ing a property,planning operations,the introduction of an ad valorem tax on property and more rational use of *** Europe there are different types of c adastral systems,because the count ries in Europe have different cultur al back-grounds,different economical and s ocial *** the cent uries,many types of cadastral syste ms evolved and their differences often depend u pon local cultural heritage,physic al geography,land use,technology,***-tive analyses of cadastral systems h ave been the subjects of many publica tions and studies in world literatur *** was as-sessed that the useful tools in conducting comparative analyses of vario us cadastral systems include the pro cedures of statisti-cal *** paper presents t he results of a project to compare the performance of ten cadastral system s international-ly by creating appropriate integrated indicators of a cadastral system u sing statistical *** in dicators will make it possible to compare differen t cadastral systems and present them hierarchically in relation to their quality,struc-ture,as well as legal,organization al and technological *** m a good number of methods available,techniques originating from two spheres of statistic inference were selected:distribution free methods and multivariate analysis *** analyses with the distribut ion free methods,FRIEDMAN’s test(FRIENDMAN’s non-parametric varian ce analy-sis)as well as KENDALL’s test(KENDALL’s compatibility ratio)were *** analyses with the multivariate analy-sis methods,factor analysis was selected.

关键词： cadastral system comparative analyses statistical techniques indicators property

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Natural heritage values and comparative analyses of Kanas,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2010年第3期2卷 197-206页

作者： Geoffrey WALL University of Waterloo

Kanas is a National Nature Reserve and National 5A Scenic Area,and it is also high on China’s National Natural Heritage List. In this paper,with an integrated analysis and comparative geo-graphical approach,the genesis and current features of the Kanas landscape are analyzed systematically according to the criteria for outstanding universal values that must be met for designation by the United Nations as World Natural Heritage. It is concluded that Kanas has outstanding universal values in geosciences,biology and aesthetics. Through comparison with other World Natural Heritage sites of the same geological types,in the same biogeographic zone and in the same latitude,it is concluded that Kanas meets criteria vii,viii,ix and x for designation as World Natural Heritage. Thus,this work establishes a scientific foundation for nomination of Kanas for such a status.

关键词： natural landscape characteristics heritage value comparative analyses Kanas of Xinjiang

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Chloroplast genome sequence and phylogenetic analyses of 13 Puya(Bromeliaceae) species

Chloroplast genome sequence and phylogenetic analyses of 13 ...

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首届植物科学前沿学术大会

作者： Lu Liu Yu-Qu Zhang Liscely Tumi Mery L.Suni Monica Arakaki Zheng-Feng Wang Xue-Jun Ge Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Center for Plant Ecology Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences

Puya Molina is a striking example to study recent rapid species radiation. It is a typical and endemic plant group in the Andes that originated in central Chile and moved to the northern Andes tracking the uplift of mountains. In this study, we obtained complete chloroplast genomes of nine Puya species, including P. hamata, P. nitida, P. goudotiana, P. santosii, P. ferruginea, P. raimondii, P. hutchinsonii, P. macropoda, and P. macrura. we explored the relationships of 17 Puya plastomes, including these sampled and five published Puya individuals(P. laxa, P. alpestris, P. coerulea, P. hutchinsonii, and P. mirabilis). The total size of the Puya plastomes ranged from 159,542 bp to 159,839 bp with 37.3-37.4% GC content. The Puya plastomes were highly conserved in organization and structure with a typical quadripartite genome structure. The whole genome harbors 133 genes, which included 87 protein coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. 69-78 tandem repeats, 45-60 SSR loci, and 22-31 repeat structures were found among 13 species. Four protein-coding genes were identified under positive selection pressure in Puya. 12 hotspot regions were identified in the plastomes that can be used as effective chloroplast DNA markers for phylogenetic study of Puya species. We assessed complete plastome(only one IR), three commonly used DNA barcode(rbcL + matK + trnH-psbA) and 12 novel barcode candidates obtained from highly variable plastome regions(rpoB-trnCGCA + trnCGCA-petN + trnKUUU-rps16 + psbK-psbI + psbI-trnSGCU + trnSGCU-trnGGCC + psbC-trnSUGA + trnSUGA-psbZ + accD-psaI + psbE-petL + ndhFrpl32 + and rpl32-trnLUAG). Based on BI and ML phylogenetic tree, the results suggested that complete plastomes and a set of 12 novel DNA barcodes could be efficiently used as a genetic marker to distinguish between Puya species. Both supported that Chilean Puya, Northern Andes Puya, and Central Andes Puya were three major groups in Puya, and plastome could be a useful dataset for the res

关键词： Puya Plastome comparative analyses Hyper-variable region Phylogenetic relationships

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论教育目的表述的国民性问题

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教育学 2007年第3期

作者：容中逵

通过比较战后中、韩、日、新四国教育目的的表述可以发现，中国的教育目的在表述上更多体现的是意识形态性和人类共通性，相对缺乏对“中国”人和“文化性”的关注。在全球化的今天，我们有必要凸显教育目的的国民性，以有助于养成良好... 详细信息

通过比较战后中、韩、日、新四国教育目的的表述可以发现，中国的教育目的在表述上更多体现的是意识形态性和人类共通性，相对缺乏对“中国”人和“文化性”的关注。在全球化的今天，我们有必要凸显教育目的的国民性，以有助于养成良好的国民文化特性和明确的文化身份认同。

关键词：教育目的国民性比较分析 the aims of education nationality comparative analyses

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