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An intercontinental comparison of insect seed predation between introduced and native oaks

Integrative Zoology 2022年第2期17卷 217-230页

作者： Xin SUN Haidong LI Aibing ZHANG AnikóHIRKA György CSÓKA Ian S.PEARSE Marcel HOLYOAK Zhishu XIAO State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University111 Jiulong RoadHefeiAnhuiChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina College of Life Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijingChina Department of Forest Protection NARIC Forest Research InstituteHungary U.S.Geological Survey Fort Collins Science CenterFort CollinsCOUSA Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA

Novel interactions between introduced oaks and their natural enemies across different continents provide an opportunity to test the enemy release hypothesis(ERH)at local and global scales.Based on the ERH,we assessed the impacts of native seed-feeding insects on introduced and native oaks within and among continents.We combined a common-garden experiment in China and biogeographic literature surveys to measure seed predation by insects and the proportion of acorn embryos surviving after insect infestation among 4 oak species with different geographical origins:Quercus mongolica origin from China,Q.robur and Q.petraea from Europe,and Q.rubra from North America.Mostly supporting the ERH,oaks in introduced continents escaped seed predation compared to those in native continents and compared to other native oaks in introduced continents.common-garden comparisons showed that total acorn infestation rate of introduced Q.rubra(section Lobatae)was considerably lower than that of native oaks(section Quercus)in China and Europe,likely because of the differences in seed traits associated with different oak sections.Literature surveys showed that seed predation of introduced oaks was lower in the introduced continent than in the native continent.Embryo survival was higher in introduced Q.rubra than native oaks in China and Poland.However,insect seed predation of recently introduced Q.rubra in China was similar to that in Europe,which is not consistent with the ERH.Our results suggest that reduced acorn attack by native insects and higher embryo survival after acorn damage could increase the establishment success or invasion risk of introduced oaks in non-native continents.

关键词： acorn performance common garden plant-herbivore interactions species introduction the enemy release hypothesis

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Developmental environment contributes to rapid trait shifts among newly colonized subterranean habitats

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Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 808-820页

作者： Nathan E.Swanson Andrew G.Gluesenkamp Alexandra E.Donny Suzanne E.McGaugh Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California IrvineIrvineCA 92697-2525USA Center for Conservation and Research San Antonio ZooSan AntonioTexas 78212USA Ecology Evolutionand BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Recent colonization of extreme environments provides unique opportunities to study the early steps of adaptation and the potential for rapid convergent evolution.However,phenotypic shifts during recent colonization may also be due to plasticity in response to changes in the rearing environment.Here,we analyzed a suite of morphological and behavioral traits in paired surface,subterranean,and facultatively subterranean Mexican tetras(Astyanax mexicanus)from recent introductions in two separate watersheds outside of their native range.We found a variety of phenotypic and behavioral shifts between subterranean and surface populations that are similar to those observed in relatively ancient populations in Mexico.Despite this rapid morphological divergence,we found that most of these trait differences were due to plasticity in response to rearing environments.While most trait assays in common-garden,lab-raised fish indicated that phenotypic shifts in wild fish were the result of plasticity,we also found evidence of genetic control in several traits present in subterranean populations.Interestingly,wall-following behavior,an important subterranean foraging behavior,was greater in lab-born subterranean fish than in lab-born surface fish,suggesting rapid divergence of this trait between subterranean and surface populations.Thus,this study sheds light on the early steps of subterranean evolution,identifies potential rapid behavioral evolution,and suggests that plasticity in traits involving exploratory behavior may facilitate subterranean colonization.

关键词： Plasticity Adaptation Subterranean Cavefish Evolution common garden

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Role of phenotypic plasticity in morphological differentiation between watersnake populations

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第4期15卷 329-337页

作者： Ian T.CLIFTON Jeremy D.CHAMBERLAIN Matthew E.GIFFORD Department of Biology University of Central ArkansasConwayArkansasUSA Department of Biology Southern Arkansas UniversityMagnoliaArkansasUSA Department of Environmental Sciences University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA

An individual’s morphology is shaped by the environmental pressures it experiences,and the resulting morphological response is the culmination of both genetic factors and environmental(non-genetic)conditions experienced early in its life(i.***.phenotypic plasticity).The role that phenotypic plasticity plays in shaping phenotypes is important,but evidence for its influence is often mixed.We exposed female neonate diamond-backed watersnakes(Nerodia rhombifer)from populations experiencing different prey-size regimes to different feeding treatments to test the influence of phenotypic plasticity in shaping trophic morphology.We found that snakes in a large-prey treatment from a population frequently encountering large prey exhibited a higher growth rate in body size than individuals in a small-prey treatment from the same population.This pattern was not observed in snakes from a population that regularly encounters small prey.We also found that regardless of treatment,snakes from the smallprey population were smaller at birth than snakes from the large-prey population and remained so throughout the study.These results suggest that the ability to plastically respond to environmental pressures may be populationspecific.These results also indicate a genetic predisposition towards larger body sizes in a population where large prey items are more common.

关键词： common garden diamond-backed watersnake local adaptation phenotypic plasticity trophic morphology

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Comparative studies of critical physiological limits and vulnerability to environmental extremes in small ectotherms:How much environmental control is needed?

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 355-371页

作者： Ary A.HOFFMANN Carla M.SGRÒ School of BioSciences Bio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Biological Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using comparative assessments of critical thermal and physiological limits to assess the relative vulnerability of ectothermic species to extreme thermal and aridity conditions occurring under climate change.In most assessments of vulnerability,critical limits are compared across taxa exposed to different environmental and developmental conditions.However,many aspects of vulnerability should ideally be compared when species are exposed to the same environmental conditions,allowing a partitioning of sources of variation such as used in quantitative genetics.This is particularly important when assessing the importance of different types of plasticity to critical limits,using phylogenetic analyses to test for evolutionary constraints,isolating genetic variants that contribute to limits,characterizing evolutionary interactions among traits limiting adaptive responses,and when assessing the role of cross generation effects.However,vulnerability assessments based on critical thermal/physiological limits also need to take place within a context that is relevant to field conditions,which is not easily provided under controlled environmental conditions where behavior,microhabitat,stress exposure rates and other factors will differ from field conditions.There are ways of reconciling these requirements,such as by taking organisms from controlled environments and then testing their performance under field conditions(or vice versa).While comparisons under controlled environments are challenging for many taxa,assessments of critical thermal limits and vulnerability will always be incomplete unless environmental effects within and across generations are considered,and where the ecological relevance of assays measuring critical limits can be established.

关键词： comparative studies common garden critical limits ectotherms environmental control thermal limits stress resistance

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Plant responses to simulated warming and drought:a comparative study of functional plasticity between congeneric mid and high elevation species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第3期11卷 364-374页

作者： Elena Hamann Halil Kesselring Jürg Stöcklin Botanical Institute Department of Environmental SciencesSection Plant EcologyUniversity of BaselSchönbeinstrasse 64056 BaselSwitzerland

Aims Effects of climate change,especially changes in temperatures and precipitation patterns,are particularly pronounced in alpine regions.In response,plants may exhibit phenotypic plasticity in key functional traits allowing short-term adjustment to novel conditions.However,little is known about the degree of pheno-typic plasticity of high elevation species relative to mid elevation congeners.Methods We transplanted 14 herbaceous perennial species from high eleva-tion into two common gardens(1050 and 2000 m.a.s.l.)in the Swiss Alps,and we examined plastic responses in key functional traits to changes in temperature and soil water availability.This design was replicated with 14 congeneric species from mid elevation to assess if the degree of phenotypic plasticity differs between mid and high elevation species.Survival was assessed across two growing seasons,while aboveground biomass and specific leaf area(SLA)were measured after the first growing season,and biomass alloca-tion to belowground and reproductive structures after the second.Moreover,a phenotypic plasticity index was calculated for the func-tional traits to compare the degree of plasticity between mid and high elevation species.Important Findings Aboveground biomass was higher in mid elevation species relative to high elevation congeners in all treatments,yet decreased for both with elevation and drought.Similarly,SLA decreased with elevation and drought.Root mass fraction(RMF)was generally higher in high ele-vation species,and decreased with drought at the lower site.Drought increased the allocation to reproductive structures,especially when plants were grown at their elevation of origin.Interestingly,no differ-ence was found in the degree of phenotypic plasticity averaged across mid and high elevation species for any of the studied functional traits.These results indicate that phenotypic plasticity in the focal traits did not depend on the elevation of origin of the species.Plasticity was not related to environmental heterogeneity,nor constrained by

关键词： biomass allocation common garden climate change perennial herbaceous species phenotypic plasticity SLA Swiss Alps transplant experiment

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Enhanced fitness due to higher fecundity,increased defence against a specialist and tolerance towards a generalist herbivore in an invasive annual plant

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第2期2卷 77-86页

作者： D.Abhilasha J.Joshi Institute of Environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Biodiversity Research/BotanyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 114469 PotsdamGermany

Aims The superior performance of many non-indigenous species in a new range can be attributed to different factors such as pre-adaptation to environmental conditions in new areas or to factors inherent to displacement mechanisms such as loss of co-evolved pathogens and herbivores that increase the speed of evolutionary change towards a shift in allocation from defence to growth and reproduction.To assess the importance of the different mechanisms governing the success of Conyza canadensis,a globally successful invader,we simultaneously tested several recent hypotheses potentially explaining the factors leading to biological invasion.Methods We tested(i)whether plants from the non-native range showed a higher fitness than plants from the native North American range,(ii)whether they differed in resistance against an invasive generalist herbivore,the slug Arion lusitanicus and against a recently established specialist aphid herbivore,Uroleucon erigeronense and(iii)experimentally assessed whether C.canadensis releases allelopathic chemicals that have harmful effects on competing species in the nonnative range.We compared populations along a similar latitudinal gradient both in the native North American and invasive European range and analysed patterns of adaptive clinal variation in biomass production.Important Findings The invasion success of C.canadensis in Europe cannot be attributed to a single trait,but to a combination of factors.Invasive plants benefited from increased growth and above all,increased reproduction(a key trait in an annual plant)and were less attacked by a co-migrated specialist enemy.The observed loss of defence against generalist slugs did not translate into a decreased fitness as invasive C.canadensis plants showed a high re-growth potential.In contrast to earlier in vitro studies,we detected no allelopathic effects on the competing flora in the non-native range.The latitudinal cline in vegetative biomass production in the non-native range observed in our common garden study indicates a high a

关键词： allelopathy biological invasions Conyza canadensis EICA hypothesis generalist/specialist herbivory latitudinal clines biogeographic comparison common garden

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The ecophysiological impacts of interspecific interaction on the native and invasive populations of Triadica sebifera

The ecophysiological impacts of interspecific interaction on...

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第三届全国生物入侵大会

作者： Meng-jiao Liu,Ran Wang,Hao Shen*,Wan-hui Ye,Hong-lin Cao South China Botanical garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China

The mechanisms by which invasive species could succeed are complex and diversiform and interspecific interactions may contribute to invasion success.Chinese tallow tree(Triadica sebifera), native to China,is a major invader in the southeastern US that displaces native plants and forms monospecific stands.Strong geographic difference in tallow tree traits and a variety of biotic interactions together with interspecific difference in these interactions make tallow tree an ideal model system for conducting manipulative,multi-range,multi-interaction experiments.Our study was focused on the ecophysiological impacts of interspecific interactions on

关键词： Biology invasion Triadica sebifera Whole-range study common garden

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