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White Patch on the Fore-Flipper of common minke whale, as a Potential Morphological Index to Identify Stocks

Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2016年第2期6卷 116-122页

作者： Gen Nakamura Ichiro Kadowaki Shouka Nagatsuka Ryotaro Hayashi Naohisa Kanda Mutsuo Goto Luis A. Pastene Hidehiro Kato Laboratory of Cetacean Biology Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Japan NUS Company Ltd. Tokyo Japan Institute of Cetacean Research Tokyo Japan

Past studies have indicated that there are two different stocks (J and O stocks) in the North Pacific common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata population. These two stocks differ from each other in certain characteristics, such as body size, conception dates, and genetics. However, till date, few studies have investigated differences in the external body appearance between the two stocks. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the unique white patch on the flipper of this whale species to elucidate inter-stock differences. We used the animals collected from JARPNII research during 2012 and 2013;stock information was determined by microsatellite DNA analysis (n = 220). We focused on the morphological differences in the size and pattern of the white patch on the flipper of each whale. The length of the white patch along the anterior (ventral) margin of the flipper tends to be proportionally larger in O stock. The pattern of the boundary area of the white patch named as the “Grayish Accessary Layer (GAL)” was remarkably different between stocks. Within animals with “no GAL” type, 94% were J stock. Conversely, of animals with GAL expanding over the half the flipper width, 96% were O stock. We concluded from our study that there were clear morphological differences in the flipper color pattern between J and O stocks, which enable to apply widely to other individuals.

关键词： common minke whale White Patch External Morphology Stock

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Sexual Dimorphism in Pelvic Bone Shape of the North Pacific common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2016年第2期6卷 131-136页

作者： Naoko Miyakawa Toshiya Kishiro Yoshihiro Fujise Gen Nakamura Hidehiro Kato Laboratory of Cetacean Biology Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries Yokohama Japan Institute of Cetacean Research Tokyo Japan

Little is known about the morphology of the pelvic girdle of modern cetaceans, although many species have a vestigial pelvis (pelvic bone) and part of the hind limb bones inside the body. Previous studies have focused almost exclusively on hard tissues as well, despite the fact that the bones are comprised of cartilaginous tissue, especially in the case of femur. In the present study, we characterized the pelvic bones and searched for vestigial femurs among 43 North Pacific common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), all of which were sexually mature individuals. The shape of the pelvic bones clearly differs depending on sex. Specifically, the pelvic bones of females were flat, but those of adult males consist of two types: one with a twisted caudal portion (Twisted type) and the other with a thickened caudal portion (Hypertrophied type). Those pelvic bone features in male are found only among North Pacific common minke whales. 98% of the individuals in this study had vestigial femur. The presence rate of vestigial femur may differ by subspecies. The shape of the pelvic and hind limb bones of modern cetaceans may vary between species and probably by region, at least at the Ocean basin scale.

关键词： Pelvic Bone Femur Cartilage common minke whale Sexual Dimorphism

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