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A passive sampler for synchronously measuring inorganic and organic pollutants in sediment porewater:Configuration and field application

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 201-212页

作者： Pei Lei Mingying Chen Nan Rong Wenzhong Tang Hong Zhang School of Environment Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhou 510530China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and pollution Control Guangzhou 510530China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In situ measurement of multiple pollutants coexisting in sediment porewater is an essential step in comprehensively assessing the bioavailability and risk of pollutants,but to date,this needs to be better developed.In this study,a passive sampler,consisting of an“I-shaped”supporting frame and inorganic/organic sampling units,incorporating equilibrium dialysis theory and kinetic/equilibrium sorption principle,was developed for the synchronous measurement of inorganic(e.g.,phosphorus and metal(loid)s)and organic pollutants(e.g.,parent and substituted PAHs).The equilibrium time and sampling rates were explored in laboratory tests to support in situ application.Profiles of pollutants in porewater within a vertical resolution of centimeters,i.e.,1 cm and 2 cm for inorganic and organic pollutants,respectively,were obtained by field deployment of the sampler for further estimation of diffusive fluxes across the sediment-water interface.The results suggested that the role of sediments for a specific pollutant may change(e.g.,from“sink”to“source”)during the sampling time.This study demonstrated the feasibility of synchronous measurement of inorganic and organic pollutants in sediment porewater by the passive sampler.In addition,it provided new insight for further investigation into the combined pollution effects of various pollutants in sediments.

关键词： Passive sampling Bioavailability Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons combined pollution Diffusive flux

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Evaluation of genotoxicity of combined soil pollution by cadmium and phenanthrene on earthworm

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第6期18卷 1210-1215页

作者： ZHU Jiang ZHAO Zuo-yuan LU Yi-tong School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 201101 China

The DNA-damaging effects of the combined pollution of heavy metal and organic contamination on earthworms were evaluated by single cell gel electrophoresis （SCGE） assay. Earthworms Eisenia andrei were exposed to single or combined test compounds in different doses of cadmium （Cd） 5, 10, 50 mg/kg and phenanthrene （Phe） 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 mg/kg with a treatment of 14 d. In SCGE assay, isolated coelomcytes and electrophoresis were employed to determine DNA damage degree after a 14-d treatment by test compounds. The results showed that there was a significant statistical difference between earthworms treated with Cd combined Phe with them treated alone with Cd or Phe. The Olive tail moment （OTM） of SCGE assay using earthworm coelomcytes appears to be a sensitive biomarker for evaluating exposure to genotoxic compounds. These tests also revealed that the interaction between Cd and Phe to DNA damaging effects was negative, and was strongly dependent on the concentration of pollution. This study corresponds to exploratory phase in order to reveal interaction effects of heavy metal and organic contamination on earthworms and then to set up more in-depth analysis to increase progressively the understanding of the genotoxicity mechanisms involved.

关键词： Cd Phe earthworm combined pollution SCGE DNA damage

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Correlation between Cr^(6+) and Mn^(2+) Adsorption in Rock-soil Medium with combined pollution

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2011年第9期2卷 49-50,72页

作者： YU Xiao-ying ZOU Sheng-zhang CAI min-qi LU Hai-ping Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012China Institute of Karst Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesGuilin 541004China

[Objective] The aim was to study the correlation between Cr6+ and Mn2+ adsorption in rock-soil medium with combined pollution. [Method] Combining single Cr6+ and Mn2+ adsorption test with combined pollution test, the adsorption laws of Cr6+ and Mn2+ were studied, and the correlation between Cr6+ and Mn2+ adsorption was analysed by using correlation analysis and regression analysis. [Result] According to the comparative analysis on adsorption tests, the adsorption time, adsorption amount and adsorption speed of Cr6+ and Mn2+ were obviously distinct in single adsorption test and combined adsorption test. Correlation analysis revealed that there was a significantly positive correlation between Cr6+ and Mn2+, and there existed addition effects between Cr6+ and Mn2+ in regression analysis, that is, the adsorption of Cr6+ by the soil tested would be enhanced by Mn2+. [Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for environmental control and environmental management.

关键词： Cr6+ Mn2+ combined pollution Absorption Correlation China

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Preparation of hollow-fiber nanofiltration membranes of high performance for effective removal of PFOA and high resistance to BSA fouling

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第12期34卷 14-24页

作者： Wenjing Tang Yunyi Meng Bin Yang Dongyu He Yan Li Bojun Li Zheming Shi Changwei Zhao College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China The Fourth Construction CO.LTD of China Electronics System Engineering Tianjin 300130China State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Nanofiltration(NF)process has become one of the most promising technologies to remove micro-organic combined water pollution.Developing a NF membrane material with efficient separation for perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)combined pollution is highly desired,this manuscript targets this unmet need specifically.In this work,hydrophilic SiO_(2)nanoparticles with various contents blended with carboxylic multiwalled carbon nanotube were used to modify poly(m-phenylene isophthal amide)(SiO_(2)/CMWCNT/PMIA)hollow fiber NF membrane.The modified membrane with 0.1 wt%SiO_(2)doping exhibits way better fouling resistance with irreversible fouling ratio decreased dramatically from 18.7%to 2.3%,and the recovery rate of water flux increases significantly from 81.2%to 97.7%.The separation experiment results had confirmed that the modified membrane could improve the rejection from 97.2%to 98.6%for perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and its combined pollution with bovine serum albumin(BSA).It is clear that this reported SiO_(2)/CMWCNT/PMIA hollow fiber NF membrane potentially could be applied in water treatment.This research also provides a theoretical basis for efficiently removal of PFOA and its combined pollution by NF membrane.

关键词： Nanofiltration SiO_(2)nanoparticles Perfluorooctanoic acid combined pollution Water treatment

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Effects of combined antibiotics on nitrification, bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in activated sludge: Insights from legacy effect of antibiotics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第9期131卷 96-110页

作者： Zhong-Xing Zhang Xiao-Yan Fan Xing Li Yu-Xi Gao Jun-Ru Zhao Faculty of Architecture Civil and Transportation EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

The effect of combined antibiotics exposure on nitrogen removal,microbial community assembly and proliferation of antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs)is a hotspot in activated sludge system.However,it is unclear that how the historical antibiotic stress affects the subsequent responses of microbes and ARGs to combined antibiotics.In this study,the effects of combined sulfamethoxazole(SMX)and trimethoprim(TMP)pollution on activated sludge under legacy of SMX or TMP stress with different doses(0.005-30 mg/L)were investigated to clarify antibiotic legacy effects.Nitrification activity was inhibited under higher level of combined exposure but a high total nitrogen removal(∼70%)occurred.Based on the full-scale classification,the legacy effect of past antibiotic stress had a marked effect on community composition of conditionally abundant taxa(CAT)and conditionally rare or abundant taxa(CRAT).Rare taxa(RT)were the keystone taxa in the microbial network,and the responses of hub genera were also affected by the legacy of antibiotic stress.Nitrifying bacteria and genes were inhibited by the antibiotics and aerobic denitrifying bacteria(Pseudomonas,Thaurea and Hydrogenophaga)were enriched under legacy of high dose,as were the key denitrifying genes(napA,nirK and norB).Furthermore,the occurrences and co-selection relationship of 94 ARGs were affected by legacy effect.While,some shared hosts(eg.,Citrobacter)and hub ARGs(eg.,mdtD,mdtE and acrD)were identified.Overall,antibiotic legacy could affect responses of activated sludge to combined antibiotic and the legacy effect was stronger at higher exposure levels.

关键词： Antibiotics Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) combined pollution Full-scale classification Legacy effect

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Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第2期19卷 210-216页

作者： YANG Chun-lu SUN Tie-hang HE Wen-xiang ZHOU Qi-xing CHEN Su Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.

关键词： chlorimuron-ethyl furadan mercury soil urease combined pollution

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Ecological toxicity of reactive X-3B red dye and cadmium acting on wheat (Triticum aestivum)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2002年第1期14卷 136-140页

作者： Chen.Y ZhouQX OpenLaboratoryofTerrestrialEcologicalProcess InstituteofAppliedEcologyChineseAcademyofSciencesShenyang110016China.E－mail：zhouq@*** OpenLaboratoryofTerrestrialEcologicalProcess Instituteof

Ecological toxicity of reactive X\|3B red dye and cadmium in both their single form and their combined form on wheat was studied using the experimental method of seed and root exposure. The single factor exposure indicated that the inhibitory rate of wheat root elongation was significantly increased with the increase in the concentration of the dye in the cultural solution, although seed germination of wheat was not sensitive to the dye. The toxicity of cadmium was greatly higher than that of the dye, but low concentration cadmium (<40 mg/L) could promote the germination of wheat seed. Interactive effects of the dye and cadmium on wheat were complicated. There was no significant correlation between the inhibitory rate of seed germination and the concentrations of the dye and cadmium. Low concentration cadmium could strengthen the toxicity of the dye acting on root elongation. On the contrary, high concentration cadmium could weaken the toxicity of the dye acting on root elongation.

关键词： ecological toxicity reactive X 3B red dye cadmium combined pollution wheat

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Effect of organic/inorganic compounds on the enzymes in soil under acid rain stress

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第2期16卷 177-180页

作者： LIUGuang-shen XUDong-mei WANGLi-ming LIKe-bin LIUWei-ping EnvironmentalScienceInstituteofZhejiangUniversity Hangzhou310029China.

The main effects of pollutions including acid rain, Cu 2+ ,atrazine and their combined products on the activities of urease, invertin, acid phosphatase and catalase were studied by means of orthogonal test. The results showed that H + and Cu 2+ had significant influence on the activities of four enzymes and the ability of their inhibiting followed the order: H +>Cu 2+ . Al 3+ and atrazine only had litter effects on the activity of urease and phosphatase, respectively. Furthermore, interaction analysis revealed that Cu 2+ -H + affected on the activity of acid phosphatase significantly and antagonism on invertin and urease, Cu 2+ -atrazine only exhibited the synergism on the activity of acid phosphatase. But atrazine-H + had non-interaction within the investigated concentration range. Among four enzymes, acid phosphatase was the most sensitive one to the contaminations.

关键词： combined pollution orthogonal test hydrolase activity

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Influences of petroleum on accumulation of copper and cadmium in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第1期18卷 109-114页

作者： SUN Fu-hong ZHOU Qi-xing ZHANG Qian-ru Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

Using the exposure simulation experiment, the action of petroleum affecting the accumulation of the trace metals including copper （Cu） and cadmium （Cd） in littoral polychaete Nereis diversicolor collected from the Shuangtaizi Estuary in Liaoning Province, China was examined. The results showed that there was a markedly non-linear relationship between the accumulation of Cu in worms and the experimental concentration of Cu in exposure solutions when the concentration of petroleum remained at 0, 100, and 220 μl/L, respectively. However, significantly non-linear relationship for worms exposed to Cd was observed only when the concentration of added petroleum was 0 and 220 μl/L. The accumulation of Cu in worms did not differ significantly among the three different levels of petroleum concentrations combined with various concentrations of Cu. So was the accumulation of Cd in worms （p〉0.05）. However, the addition of petroleum in exposure solutions brought about an increase in the accumulation of Cu in Nereis diversicolor, in comparison with single Cu pollution. On the other hand, when the concentration of added petroleum remained at 100 μl/L, the accumulation of Cd in worms was lower than that in worms exposed to various concentrations of only cadmium. However, the worms exposed to Cd and petroleum 220 μl/L did not show obvious and identical increase in the accumulation of Cd, compared with single Cd exposure. The accumulation of both Cu and Cd in worms did not increase significantly with the increases in concentrations of Cu or Cd in exposure solutions combined with petroleum （0, 100, and 220μl/L） under the experimental conditions. Although Nereis diversicolor is exposed to very high Cu and Cd in exposure solutions, accumulation and detoxification mechanisms are sufficient to cope with the extra metal influx in order to survive.

关键词： Nereis diversicolor copper cadmium petroleum combined pollution

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Single and joint effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and cadmium on the polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第1期20卷 68-74页

作者： WANG Jing ZHOU Qixing ZHANG Qianru ZHANG Ying Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

Using the concentration gradient and combined pollutant exposure method, the single and joint effects of petroleum hydrocarbons （PHCs） and cadmium （Cd） on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube, an ecologically keystone species in estuarine and coastal environment, have been investigated. The results indicate that the toxicity of PHCs to P. aibuhitensis is stronger than that of Cd to the organism. There are positive correlations between the mortality of worms and the exposed concentration of single Cd or PHCs in solution. Similarly, the accumulation of Cd or PHCs in worms increased with increasing Cd- or PHC-exposed concentrations. All the correlation relationships can be described using unitary quadratic equations （Y or Z = aX^2 ＋ bX ＋ c）. It is calculated, on the basis of these expressions, that the median lethal dose （LC50） ofP aibuhitensis exposed to a single Cd or PHCs is 793.4-13567.3 and 28.0-119.9 μg/L, respectively. The exposed time has some stimulative effect on the two pollutants and on the mortality of the worms. Thus, even a low concentration of a single Cd or PHCs may have strong toxic effects on the worms when the exposed time becomes longer. The accumulation of Cd or PHCs in worms differs with an increase in exposure time at the given exposed concentration of a single Cd or PHCs. Noticeably, the accumulation of PHCs in worms decreases with an increase in exposure time at the given high concentration of PHCs in solution. The joint effect of PHCs and Cd on P. aibuhitensis is very complicated and changes with the exposed concentrations of the two pollutants. At the given concentration of PHCs, the joint toxicity of the two pollutants on the worms changes from synergism to antagonism with an increase in Cd concentration. The accumulation of Cd in the worms significantly decreases with the addition of PHCs to exposure solution.

关键词： petroleum hydrocarbon cadmium combined pollution Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube ecotoxicology

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