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Isobolographic Method and Invertebrate (Planarian) Model for Evaluating combinations of Waterways Pollutants

Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2012年第4期3卷 381-387页

作者： Robert B. Raffa Deborah A. Gallo Christopher S. Tallarida Scott M. Rawls Ronald J. Tallarida Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA U.S.A Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA U.S.A. Department of Pharmacology Temple University School of Medicine and Center for Substance Abuse Research Temple University Philadelphia PA U.S.A. United States Public Health Service Tsehootsooi Medical Center Fort Defiance AZ USA

Agricultural, pharmaceutical, and other biologically active substances are emptied or leach into waterways and groundwater, where they can dose-relatedly cause pharmacologic or toxic effects on the resident or dependent animal species. Standard methods can be used to evaluate the effects of individual substances, but evaluation of combinations of substances is more difficult. The mathematically rigorous method of isobolographic analysis was coupled with a simple in vivo invertebrate model. Planarians were selected because they are the lowest extant species with a centralized nervous system. Neostigmine bromide and monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) were selected as representative of two types of potential pollutants. Neostigmine bromide and KH2PO4 individually produced dose-related lethality over a 60-minute observation period with LD50 values of 122 and 70 mM, respectively. The LD50 value of a 1:1 combination of the two was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the isobolographic line of additivity. We used planarians as a representative fresh-water species and joint-action (‘isobolographic’) analysis to examine possible interaction between pollutants. In the demonstrative example reported here, there was a subadditive interaction between a 1:1 fixed-ratio combination of neostigmine bromide (as a representative acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in pesticides) and potassium phosphate (used in fertilizers and detergents).

关键词： combinations Isobolographic Analysis Methods Pollutants Planarians

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Influence of combinations of Pesticides and Fertilizers on Aquatic Productivity

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第5期5卷 434-440页

作者： Ganapati Hegde Mahesh Mandya Sushma S. Gokarnakar Vinodbabu N. Babu Vijayakumar N. Shivaramaiah Sannanegunda V. Krishnamurthy Department of Environmental Science Kuvempu University Jnana Sahyadri India

We have examined the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of widely used pesticides and fertilizers for rice paddy in Western Ghats regions of India on chlorophyll and zooplankton production using a laboratory mesocosm. Malathion (100 μg·L-1), Cypermethrin (25 μg·L-1), Nitrate-nitrogen (8 mg·L-1) and Phosphate-phosphorus (8 mg·L-1) in different combinations such as pesticide-pesticide and pesticide-fertilizer were tested in fully factorial manner for a period of 42 days. Study revealed that, chlorophyll production was supported by addition of fertilizers, while combinations of fertilizers with either one or two pesticides reduce the zooplankton density and diversity rendering chlorophyll concentration more than control groups. This could indicate the reason for eutrophication of ponds located in agro-ecosystems. Single application of combinations of pesticides (in spite of presence of fertilizers) even at low concentrations can produce severe negative effects on several taxonomic groups zooplankton living in small shallow water.

关键词： Chlorophyll Production Zooplankton Pesticide Fertilizers combinations of Pesticides and Fertilizers

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The Average Errors for Linear combinations of Bernstein Operators on the Wiener Space

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2013年第4期1卷 85-89页

作者： Yanjie Jiang Ziqing Zhang Department of Mathematics and Physics North China Electric Power University Baoding China

In this paper, we discuss the average errors of function approximation by linear combinations of Bernstein operators. The strongly asymptotic orders for the average errors of the combinations of Bernstein operators se... 详细信息

关键词： Linear combinations Bernstein Operators Weighted -Norm Average Error Wiener Space

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Detection of Antibodies in Serum Specimens from Dogs with Blastomycosis with Lysate Antigens Prepared from Four <i>Blastomyces dermatitidis</i>Dog Isolates: Individual Antigens vs Antigen combinations

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2013年第4期3卷 235-239页

作者： Jamie L. VanDyke Alex Boyd Jesse Sorensen Tylor Hine Christina Rayner Angel Zamora Gene M. Scalarone Department of Biological Sciences Idaho State University Pocatello USA

Blastomycosis, the systemic fungal infection of humans and animals, has presented a diagnostic challenge to clinicians and laboratory personnel for many years. Our laboratory has been concentrating on attempting to develop antigenic reagents from the yeast phase of various isolates of Blastomyces dermatitidis and to evaluate these lysate antigens with regard to antibody detection in blastomycosis. The aim of this current study was to evaluate yeast phase antigens prepared from four dog isolates of B. dermatitidis and to evaluate their efficacy, when used individually or in combination, for antibody detection in sera from dogs with blastomycosis. Mean absorbance values using the ELISA to assay 24 serum specimens (Trial 1) ranged from 0.588 with an individual lysate antigen to 0.992 when three reagents were combined. Eight of the lysates exhibited mean absorbance values ranging from 0.992 to 0.915 with 7 out of 8 being lysate antigen combinations. Mean absorbance values with the other 6 lysates ranged from 0.899 to 0.588. In Trial 2, the 6 most sensitive reagents from Trial 1 were assayed against 10 highly reactive dog sera. The results of Trial 2 showed that 5 antigen combinations detected antibody to a greater degree than the individual lysate antigen. combinations of northern and southern antigens were able to detect antibody in serum specimens from either of these geographical regions. Comparative studies are continuing to further evaluate various lysate antigen combinations for antibody detection in blastomycosis.

关键词： Blastomycosis Lysate Antigen combinations Antibody Detection ELISA

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Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Bimatoprost 0.03%, Brimonidine 0.2%, Brinzolamide 1%, Dorzolamide 2%, and Travoprost 0.004%/Timolol 0.5%-Fixed combinations in Patients Affected by Open-Angle Glaucoma

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2012年第4期2卷 122-126页

作者： Italo Giuffre Department of Ophthalmology Medical School Catholic University of Rome Rome Italy

Purpose: This is a retrospective, comparative, head-to-head, not commissioned study about the efficacy of bimato-prost 0.03%, brimonidine 0.2%, brinzolamide 1%, dorzolamide 2%, and travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5%-fixed combinations in patients affected by na?ve open-angle glaucoma and IOP > 25 mmHg. Patients and Methods: Files from 70 patients (35 M, 35 F, mean age 69.52 y, S.D. 11.56, range: 37-87y) in our Glaucoma Service were retrospectively analyzed as long as 12 months. Every subgroup, including 14 age- and sex-matched patients, was allocated to 1 of the 5 groups of the fixed combinations monotherapy. Data recorded after 3 months follow-up were statistically analyzed by descriptive and ANOVA statistics as percentage of IOP reduction from baseline. Results: All the fixed combinations were effective in lowering IOP. The mean percentage reduction was: brimonidine/timolol 43.57%, dorzolamide/timolol 37.67%, bimatoprost/timolol 35.60%, travoprost/timolol 33.25% and brinzolamide/timolol 23.0%. The brimonidine/timolol fixed combination showed to be statistically significant more effective only than brinzolamide/timolol fixed combination (p = 0.001). Setting the α error to 5%, the power of the study is 26%, phi: 0.842. Discussion: In all this cohort of patients the target IOP was successfully achieved. All the fixed combinations used in this study had a very good profile of efficacy. Brimonidine, dorzolamide, bimatoprost and travoprost/timolol fixed combinations statistically significantly reduced the percentage of IOP from baseline (p = 0.001) more than brinzolamide/timolol fixed combination.

关键词： Bimatoprost 0.03% Brimonidine 0.2% Brinzolamide 1% Dorzolamide 2% Travoprost 0.004%/Timolol 0.5% Fixed combinations Efficacy IOP

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Enhanced cobalamin biosynthesis in Ensifer adhaerens by regulation of key genes with gradient promoters

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2022年第3期7卷 941-948页

作者： Sha Xu Zhiqiang Xiao Shiqin Yu Weizhu Zeng Yongming Zhu Jingwen Zhou National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology Jiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of EducationJiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology Jiangnan University1800 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu214122China Hunan Hongying Biotechnology Co.Ltd. 10 Hongying RoadJinshiHunan415400China

Cobalamin is an essential human vitamin widely used in the pharmaceutical,food,and feed additive industries and currently produced by bacteria or *** adhaerens HY-1 is an industrial strain that also produces *** production outputs are poor and the specific synthesis pathways require *** this study,the whole genome sequence of *** HY-1 was generated and annotated,and genes associated with cobalamin biosynthesis were ***,three genes,CobSV,CobQ,and CobW were identified as the most efficient ones for enhancing cobalamin *** transcriptome sequencing of *** HY-1 cells at different growth stages,65 endogenous promoters with different gradient strengths were *** combined expression of different strength promoters and key genes,a high cobalamin-producing recombinant strain,‘hmm’(genotype:PmetH-CobSV-PibpA-CobQ-Pmdh-CobW),was *** production was 143.8 mg/L in shaking flasks,which was 41.0%higher than the original *** production was further enhanced to 171.2 mg/L using fed-batch ***,our data and novel approach provide important references for the analysis of cobalamin synthesis and other metabolites in complex metabolic pathways.

关键词： Ensifer adhaerens Cobalamin Genome sequence Transcriptome sequence Promoter Overexpression combinations

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Step kinematic calibration of a 3-DOF planar parallel kinematic machine tool

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第12期51卷 2155-2167页

作者： CHANG Peng,WANG JinSong,LI TieMin,LIU XinJun & GUAN LiWen Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology Tsinghua University Beijing China

This paper presents a novel step kinematic calibration method for a 3 degree-of-freedom(DOF) planar parallel kinematic machine tool,based on the minimal linear combinations(MLCs) of error *** method using mapping of linear combinations of parameters in error transfer multi-parameters coupling system changes the modeling,identification and error compensation of geometric parameters in the general kinematic calibration into those of linear combinations of *** using the four theorems of the MLCs,the sets of the MLCs that are respectively related to the relative precision and absolute precision are *** simple and feasible measurement methods in practice are given,and identification analysis of the set of the MLCs for each measurement is carried *** to the identification analysis results,a step calibration including step measurement,step identification and step error compensation is determined by taking into account both measurement costs and *** experiment shows that the proposed method has the following merits:(1) the parameter errors that cannot influence precision are completely avoided;(2) it reflects the mapping of linear combinations of parameters more accurately and enhances the precision of identification;and(3) the method is robust,efficient and effective,so that the errors in position and orientation are kept at the same order of the measurement *** to these merits,the present method is attractive for the 3-DOF planar parallel kinematic machine tool and can be also applied to other parallel kinematic machine tools with weakly nonlinear kinematics.

关键词： parallel kinematic machine tools kinematic calibration parameter identification minimal linear combinations

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Combining chemotherapy and targeted therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第44期13卷 5867-5876页

作者： J Rodriguez R Zarate E Bandres A Viudez A Chopitea J García-Foncillas I Gil-Bazo Unit for the Research and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Malignancies Department of Oncology Clinica Universitaria Center for Applied Medical Research University of Navarra Spain

Colorectal cancer remains one of the major causes of cancer death worldwide. During the past years, the development of new effective treatment options has led to a considerable improvement in the outcome of this disease. The advent of agents such as capecitabine, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, cetuximab and bevacizumab has translated into median survival times in the range of 2 years. Intense efforts have focused on identifying novel agents targeting specific growth factor receptors, critical signal transduction pathways or mediators of angiogenesis. In addition, several clinical trials have suggested that some of these molecularly targeted drugs can be safely and effectively used in combination with conventional chemotherapy. In this article we review various treatment options combining cytotoxic and targeted therapies currently available for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

关键词： Targeted therapy Chemotherapy combinations Clinical trials Colorectal cancer

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State-of-the-Art Technology in the Construction of Sea-Crossing Fixed Links with a Bridge, Island, and Tunnel Combination

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Engineering 2019年第1期5卷 15-21页

作者： Yaojun Ge Yong Yuan State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

In general, two kinds of structures are used to provide a way across a river, canal, sea, or other obstacle: bridge structures that pass over the obstacle, and tunnel structures that pass below the obstacle. Although the construction of both bridges and tunnels can be traced back over thousands of years, bridge–tunnel combinations that use an island as a sea-crossing fixed link (SCFL) have only been built over the past 82 years. The first such combination was probably the 6.4 km long San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge in the United States, which was completed in 1936. The most recently constructed SCFL combining a bridge, tunnel, and island is the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao (HZM) Bridge, which opened for traffic on October 24, 2018 with the longest SCFL combination in the world, at a total length of 29.6 km.

关键词： kinds of structures provide a way across combinations

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Jurassic Progonocimicidae (Hemiptera) from China and phylogenetic evolution of Coleorrhyncha

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第12期52卷 1953-1961页

作者： SZWEDO Jacek Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences 64 Wilcza Street PL00-679 Warsaw Poland

The fossil record of Progonocimicidae of Hemiptera suborder Coleorrhyncha from China is reviewed. Ovicimex laiyangensis Hong et Wang, 1990, from the Lower Cretaceous of Laiyang, is excluded from Coleorrhyncha. The available generic name Mesocimex Hong, 1983 is resurrected from synonymy and proposed for replacement of the preoccupied name and junior homonym Mesoscytina Hong, 1983, non Mesoscytina Tillyard, 1919. It resulted in following new combinations: Mesocimex abditus (Yu. Popov, 1982) comb. n., Mesocimex ambiguus (Yu. Popov, 1985) comb. n., Mesocimex brunneus (Hong, 1983), comb. n., Mesocimex fidus (Yu. Popov, 1982) comb. n., Mesocimex intermedius (Yu. Popov, 1985) comb. n., Mesocimex kuzbasicus (Yu. Popov, 1985) comb. n., Mesocimex liliputus (Yu. Popov, 1988) comb. n., Mesocimex minutus (Yu. Popov, 1982) comb. n., Mesocimex modestus (Yu. Popov, 1985) comb. n., Mesocimex paulinus (Yu. Popov, 1982) comb. n., Mesocimex cognatus (Yu. Popov, 1982) comb. n. An annotated list of species of Mesocimex is given. In addition, a new species, Mesocimex lini sp. nov., is described based on well-preserved specimens with wings and bodies from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. This discovery supports the Middle Jurassic age of Daohugou Lagerstatte, since all species of Mesocimex are confined to the Lower-Middle Jurassic. The phylogenetic evolution of Coleorrhyncha is discussed: Cicadocorinae, Karabasiinae, Hoploridiinae, and Peloridiidae are monophyletic clades whereas Progonocimicinae and Karabasidae are clearly paraphyletic groups.

关键词： Coleorrhyncha Peloridioidea Jurassic new species new combinations evolution China

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