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Relationships between soil pollution by heavy metals and melanin-dependent coloration of a fossorial amphisbaenian reptile

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 596-607页

作者： JoséMARTÍN Pablo RECIO Gonzalo RODRÍGUEZ-RUIZ Isabel BARJA Eduardo GUTIÉRREZ Luis VGARCÍA Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICMadridSpain Departamento de Zoología Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Departamento de Biogeoquímica Ecología Vegetal y MicrobianaInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de SevillaCSICSevillaSpain

Melanin is the basis of coloration in many animals,and although it is often used in communication,thermoregulation,or camouflage,melanin has many other physiological *** example,in polluted habitats,melanin can have a detoxifying *** coloration would help to sequester in the skin the heavy metal contaminants from inside the body,which will be expelled to the exterior when the skin is ***,animals should have evolved more melanic colorations in more polluted habitats(“industrial melanism”hypothesis).We examined whether the fossorial amphisbaenian reptile,Trogonophis wiegmanni,is able to eliminate heavy metals,derived from soil pollution by seagull depositions,through sloughing its *** results suggest a covariation between levels of soil pollution by heavy metals and the concentration of heavy metals in the sloughed skins of *** suggests that amphisbaenians may expel heavy metals from their bodies when they slough the *** also tested whether amphisbaenians inhabiting soils with higher levels of heavy metal pollution had darker(melanin-dependent)body ***,contrary to predictions from the“industrial melanization”hypothesis,we found a negative relationship between soil pollution and proportions of melanic *** contradictory result could,however,be explained because heavy metals have endocrine disruption effects that increase physiological stress,and higher stress levels could result in decreased *** suggest that although amphisbaenians might have some detoxifying mechanism linked to melanin in the skin,this process might be negatively affected by stress and result ineffective under conditions of high soil pollution.

关键词： amphisbaenians coloration fossorial reptiles heavy metals melanin soil pollution

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Does reproductive mode affect sexually-selected coloration?Evaluating UV-blue spots in parthenogenetic and bisexual lizards of the genus Darevskia

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Current Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 201-213页

作者： Andran ABRAMJAN Marine ARAKELYAN Daniel FRYNTA Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityVinicná7Prague12843Czech Republic Depatment of Zoology Faculty of BiologyYerevan State UniversityAlek Manoogian 1Yerevan0025Armenia

Sexual selection often leads to evolution of conspicuous signals,raising the chances of attracting not only potential mates,but also *** lacertid lizards,ultraviolet(UV)-blue spots on flanks and shoulders represent such a *** level of correlation between male and female ornamen-tation is also known to ***,the phenotype of females may change in the absence of sexual *** tested this hypothesis on a complex of parthenogenetic and bisexual lizards of the genus *** evaluated area,counts,and chromatic properties(UV opponency,sat-uration)of UV-blue spots and compared the values between the clones and their bisexual progeni-tor *** found a fair heterogeneity between the parthenogenetic species,but no general tendency toward higher crypsis or *** of the parthenogens were not signifi-cantly different from the values of sexual females.A possible explanation is that the changes in se-lective forces associated with parthenogenetic reproduction are too small to affect the resulting pattern of selective pressures on the studied traits,or that the phenotypes of the parthenogens re-sult from the unique combination of parental genomes and are conserved by clonal reproduction.

关键词： clonal reproduction coloration reptiles sexual selection visual modeling

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Endocrine correlates of gender and throat coloration in the southern ground-hornbill(Bucorvus leadbeateri)

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第2期16卷 189-201页

作者： Juan SCHEUN Sophie NELLER Nigel CBENNETT Lucy VKEMP Andre GANSWINDT Department of Life and Consumer Sciences University of South AfricaSouth Africa Biodiversity Research Services National Zoological GardensSouth Africa Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and EntomologyFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Mabula Ground Hornbill Project/IUCN Hornbill Specialist Group Bela-BelaSouth Africa Department of Applied Behavioural Ecology&Ecosystem Research University of South AfricaSouth Africa Endocrine Research Laboratory Department of Anatomy&PhysiologyFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa

The southern ground-hornbill(SGH)is a cooperatively breeding bird endemic to eastern and southern Africa,but is endangered in its southern distributional *** national conservation restoration program harvests redundant chicks for captive breeding and reintroduction;with sexing and social grouping of the species evaluated by throat-skin coloration,with adult males displaying a completely red color compared to dark blue within the red observed in adult ***,recent findings indicate that dominant and subordinate adult males exhibit patches of blue *** optimize SGH management practices,it is vital to determine the role of red and blue coloration,as well as the possible drivers *** a prerequisite,an enzyme immunoassay for monitoring fecal androgen metabolite(fAM)concentrations in SGH was *** this,fresh fecal samples were collected from 78 SGH,of various demographics and origin,across 12 captive institutions,to determine whether fAM concentrations differ between blue(B),partially blue(sB),and fully red(R)throat-skin colored ***,fAM concentrations were compared between males housed in different social groups of different age and sex *** median fAM concentrations of B,sB,and R adult males did not differ significantly but were considerably higher in B and sB males compared to R *** dynamics within captivity,for example,dominance,played no role as a driver of male gonadal activity or throat skin *** results of the study indicate that androgens and apparent social dynamics are not primary determinants of throat coloration in male SGH.

关键词： coloration fecal glucocorticoid metabolites non-invasive southern ground-hornbill validation

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Review: Physical coloration-Nanoscopic Science and Macroscopic Impact

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2021年第1期28卷 1-11页

作者： Jimmy Xu School of Engineering and Department of Physics Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode Island 02912USA

Physical coloration stimulated the development of a new era of science and technology some hundred years *** is now again presenting us new opportunities and challenges on multiple *** article focuses on a selectively few of them that are more directional in nature:scalable nanomanufacturing of physical coloration,physical amplification of colorimetric sensing,and provision of biophilic lighting with real-time full-spectrum physical *** coloration is a rather large multi-dimensional field that is open and awaiting for creative minds and *** impact has been broad and profound to the well-being of *** article attempts to complement the reviews of broad scopes available in literature by one with a narrower focus on the more recent advances on the three fronts.

关键词： physical coloration plasmonics biophilic lighting spectral shaping nano-optics

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Effect of Bag Removing with Reflective Film Mulching Before Harvest on Fruit coloration and Expression of Anthocyanin Related Genes in Peach

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2015年第3期1卷 139-146页

作者： ZHANG Binbin MA Ruijuan ZHANG Chunhua CAI Zhixiang YAN Zhimei Institute of Horticulture Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement

Appearance quality is the main element forming the fruit quality. Both bagging and reflective film application can improve appearance comprehensive quality. In order to determine the effects of bagging and reflective film on peach fruit coloration, this study explored the effects of applying reflective film before harvest on fruit appearance quality of peach(Prunus persica), and discussed the influencing mechanism on fruit coloration. Yellow outside and black inside double-layer bags were removed from fruit twelve days d before harvest. Peel color, pigment content, enzyme activity as well as the gene expression related to fruit coloration of a well-colored and late-ripening peach cultivar ‘Xiahui 8' with different treatments(non-bagging with non-reflective film mulching, debagging with non-reflective film mulching, debagging with reflective film mulching) were researched. The results showed that both debagging with non-reflective film mulching and debagging with reflective film mulching could significantly improve red and green color difference value(a*), a*/b*(b* is yellow and blue color difference value), chroma(C), anthocyanin(Ant) content and reduce hue angle(h), while debagging with reflective film mulching had higher Ant content than debagging with non-reflective film mulching(P < 0.05). The two treatments up-regulated the transcript level of anthocyanin biosynthetic related genes(UFGT, CHS) at the beginning of the experiment, however, the expression of DFR, LDOX and F3 H were enhanced along with the testing process. A downward trend on peel phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL) activity of non-bagging with non-reflective film mulching was observed during the experiment, however, the peel PAL activity of the other two treatments first increased and then decreased. What's more, peel PAL activity of debagging with reflective film mulching was higher than debagging with non-reflective film mulching. These results suggested that Ant synthesis in the peel was the result

关键词： peach coloration reflective film color difference pigment gene expression

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Expression of Genes Affecting Skin coloration and Sugar Accumulation in Apple Fruits at Ripening Stages in High Temperatures

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2015年第3期3卷 7-12页

作者： Seon Ae Kim Soon Young Ahn Hyun Hee Han In Chang Son Hae Keun Yun Department of Horticulture and Life Science Yeungnam University Gyeongsan South Korea National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science Wanju South Korea

High temperature is one of the most important environmental factors that affect the successful cultivation of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh). The expression of genes related with anthocyanin synthesis and sugar accumulation by high temperature treatment was investigated in the fruits of “Fuji” apple at different developmental stages in different temperature conditions through real- time PCR. In the initial ripening stages in fruits, there was high expression of genes associated with fruit ripening, flavonoid compound accumulation, and coloration in high temperatures. Expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, flavone 3-hydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase genes increased gradually in initial ripening stages, while sharply reduced at 24 hr after treatment. In addition, there was no significant difference in the expression of all temperature treatments in late ripening stages. In the further work, investigation of expression levels of various genes could be conducted in the level of transcriptomes from fruits at the early stages to get meaningful information of ripening metabolism in apples in high temperatures.

关键词： Anthocyanin Apple High Temperature Skin coloration Sugar Content

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The Effect of Live Food on the coloration and Growth in Guppy Fish, <i>Poecilia reticulata</i>

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第2期9卷 171-179页

作者： Elsah Arce Uribe Marco Polo Franco Archundia Jorge Luna-Figueroa Laboratorio de Acuicultura Departamento de Hidrobiología Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca Morelos México Maestría en Manejo de Recursos Naturales Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca Morelos México

Colour production in fish is due mostly to food. In conditions of captivity, the type of food is restricted, while various types of food are used in aquaculture, from processed dry food to small aquatic animals. In this study, we used nauplii of Artemia franciscana, “water fleas” Moina wierzejski, micro-worm Panagrellus redivivus, and commercial flakes. We used Poecilia reticulata, which is one of the most traded fish in ornamental aquaculture and hypothesise that if the live food influences the coloration and growth of P. reticulata, there must be differences in the intensity of colour pattern and growth rate in fish fed with different living animals. Consistent with our prediction, females and males of P. reticulata were more colourful when they were fed on A. franciscana, P. redivivus and M. wierzejski than when they were fed commercial flakes. Females and males of P. reticulata fed with A. franciscana grew in less time than fish fed with P. redivivus, M. wierzejski, or commercial flakes. We conclude that live food is an excellent way to affect growth and coloration in fish.

关键词： coloration growth rate Artemia franciscana Moina wierzejski Panagrellus redivivus

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The coloration of Arctic birds: a reassessment using UV-VIS reflectance spectrophotometry

The coloration of Arctic birds: a reassessment using UV-VIS ...

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23rd International Ornithological Congress

作者： Eugene R.Potapov Andrew T.D.Bennett School of Biological Sciences Univ. of Bristol Bristol BS8 IUG UK School of Biological Sciences Univ. of Bristol Bristol BS8 IUG UK

＜正＞ Studies of avian coloration have traditionally assumed that birds see colour as do humans. This assumption seems to be unjustified, because many, if not most, birds have UVA （320-400nm） sensitivity, and a fourth （single） cone type in the eye giving probable tetrachromacy. Humans, in comparison, are trichromatic and blind to UVA. High latitude Arctic animals have been assumed to use white coloration as a cryptic defence, but is this

关键词： coloration Arctic spectrophotometry white

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Deciphering the genetic basis of silkworm cocoon colors provides new insights into biological coloration and henotypic diversification

Deciphering the genetic basis of silkworm cocoon colors prov...

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中国蚕学会2023年学术年会

作者： Yaru Lu Jiangwen Luo Erxia An Bo Lu Yinqiu Wei Xiang Chen Kunpeng Lu Shubo Liang Hai Hu Minjin Han Songzhen He Jianghong Shen Dongyang Guo Nvping Bu Ling Yang Wenya Xu Cheng Lu Zhonghuai Xiang Xiaoling Tong Fangyin Dai State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects Southwest University

The genetic basis of phenotypic variation is a long-standing concern of evolutionary *** has proven to be a visual,easily quantifiable,and highly tractable system for genetic analysis and is an ever-evolving focus of biological *** with the homogenized brownyellow cocoons of wild silkworms,the cocoons of domestic silkworms are spectacularly diverse in color,such as white,green,and yellow-red;this provides an outstanding model for exploring the phenotypic diversification and biological ***,the molecular mechanism underlying silkworm green cocoon formation was investigated,which was not fully *** demonstrated that five of the seven members of a sugar transporter gene cluster were specifically duplicated in the Bombycidae and evolved new spatial expression patterns predominantly expressed in silk glands,accompanying complementary temporal expression;they synergistically facilitate the uptake of flavonoids,thus determining the green ***,polymorphic cocoon coloring landscape involving multiple loci and the evolution of cocoon color from wild to domestic silkworms were analyzed based on the pan-genome sequencing *** was found that cocoon coloration involved epistatic interaction between loci;all the identified cocoon color-related loci existed in wild silkworms;the genetic segregation,recombination,and variation of these loci shaped the multi-colored cocoons of domestic *** study revealed a new mechanism for flavonoids-based biological coloration that highlights the crucial role of gene duplication followed by functional diversification in acquiring new genetic functions;furthermore,the results in this work provide insight into phenotypic innovation during domestication.

关键词： Phenotypic variation Domestication coloration Flavonoids Sugar transporter

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Spectroscopic Features and coloration of Gem-Quality Green Tsavorite in Major International Deposits and China

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矿物学报 2013年第S1期33卷 63-63页

作者： L Linsu ZHANG Yong LI Hongbo LU Taijin MAO Bing CHEN Hua The Geological Museum of China Beijing Institute of Gemology National Gems & Technology Administrative Center

Tsavorite green colored by Cr3+/V3+ has been traditionally found and mined in Tanzania, Kenya and Madagascar in the Neoproterozoic Mozambique metamorphic belt (NMMB), and recently be found in Sanjiang, Litang, Sichuan, China. The differences of the chemical formula, spectroscopic features, as well as the concentrations of the V2O3 and Cr2O3 in the tsavorite crystals collected from major international deposits and Sanjiang, China have been investigated using EPMA, XRF, UV-VIS spectrometers, FTIR, Raman scattering microscopy, DiamondView TM techniques. It was found that the chemical formulas of African tsavorite and Chinese tsavorite are Ca3(Al,V)2[SiO4]3 and Ca3(Al,Cr)2[SiO4]3, respectively, indicating that tsavorite is a solid solution between dominant grossular and minor goldmanite and uvarovite. Two broad bands centered at 430 nm and 605 nm were the main absorption features in the tsavorite samples, which attribute to the absorption of Cr3+ and/or V3+ ions in the lattice. The green coloration is caused by Cr3+ and/or V3+ ions resulting in the absorption of purple and red components of the visible light. Absorptions caused of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions could add the bluish color component in some of tsavorite samples. The intensity of green color is proportional to the concentrations of V2O3 and Cr2O3. The basic gemological properties, such as refractive index in the investigated samples were presented, and the definition and chemical and spectroscopic properties of tsavorite are discussed.

关键词： tsavorite spectroscopic feature coloration China East Africa

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