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China CDC weekly 2022年第45期4卷 1013-1018页

作者： Binjian Yan Shuaifeng Gao Minlei Dai Thomas M.Gill Xi Chen College of Economics and Management Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing CityJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUS Department of Health Policy and Management Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTUS Department of Economics Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS Yale Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS.

What is already known about this topic?Many health challenges have emerged due to rapid population aging,including declined cognitive ability among older adults.What is added by this report?Childhood circumstances have significant and lasting impacts on Cognition in old age.This study compared Cognition data from China with both the United States(U.S.)and the European Union(EU)during 2008–2018,finding that childhood circumstances could respectively explain 65.4%[95%confidence interval(CI):59.4%,71.4%](China vs.the U.S.)and 38.2%(95%CI:35.1%,41.2%)(China vs.the EU)of the overall differences in Cognition among older adults.Family socioeconomic status explained the largest share of differences among all considered childhood circumstances.What are the implications for public health practice?Large disparities in Cognition should be addressed by mitigating childhood disadvantages.

关键词： Population circumstances Cognition

Impact of Cognition-related single nucleotide polymorphisms on brain imaging phenotype in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1154-1160页

作者： Ting Shen Jia-Li Pu Ya-Si Jiang Yu-Mei Yue Ting-Ting He Bo-Yi Qu Shuai Zhao Ya-Ping Yan Hsin-Yi Lai Bao-Rong Zhang Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of EducationZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms may contribute to cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease. However, the mechanism by which these single nucleotide polymorphisms modify brain imaging phenotype remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms on brain imaging phenotype in Parkinson’s disease. Forty-eight Parkinson’s disease patients and 39 matched healthy controls underwent genotyping and 7 T magnetic resonance imaging. A cognitive-weighted polygenic risk score model was designed, in which the effect sizes were determined individually for 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms. The correlations between polygenic risk score, neuroimaging features, and clinical data were analyzed. Furthermore, individual single nucleotide polymorphism analysis was performed to explore the main effects of genotypes and their interactive effects with Parkinson’s disease diagnosis. We found that, in Parkinson’s disease, the polygenic risk score was correlated with the neural activity of the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and fusiform gyrus, and with hippocampal-prefrontal and fusiform-temporal connectivity, as well as with gray matter alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex. In addition, we found that single nucleotide polymorphisms in α-synuclein(SNCA) were associated with white matter microstructural changes in the superior corona radiata, corpus callosum, and external capsule. A single nucleotide polymorphism in catechol-O-methyltransferase was associated with the neural activities of the lingual, fusiform, and occipital gyri, which are involved in visual cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, DRD3 was associated with frontal and temporal lobe function and structure. In conclusion, imaging genetics is useful for providing a better understanding of the genetic pathways involved in the pathophysiologic processes underlying Parkinson’s disease. This study provides evidence of an association between genetic factors, cognitive functions, and multi-modality neuroi

关键词： Cognition imaging genetics magnetic resonance imaging multi-modality Parkinson’s disease polygenic risk score single nucleotide polymorphism ultra-high field

Effect of aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus on behavioral Cognition of rats living at high altitude

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第1期42卷 58-64页

作者： DU Xing LIU Tianlong TAO Wendi LI Maoxing LI Xiaolin YAN Lan Gansu Institute for Drug Control Lanzhou 730050China Department of Clinical Pharmacy 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLALanzhou 730050China Gansu Plateau Pharmaceutical Technology Center Lanzhou 730050China

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus on cognitive ability of rats living at high altitude.METHODS:Rats were exposed to a simulated highaltitude hypobaric hypoxia chamber.The behavior of rats was tested by eight-arm maze.The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),reactive oxygen species(ROS)and activity of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)in hippocampus were measured.The expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)and cleaved capase-3 in hippocampus were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.RESULTS:The behavioral cognitive ability of the hypoxic control group was significantly lower than that of the normoxic control group.Under hypoxic environment,after the administration of aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus,the behavioral cognitive ability of rats was significantly improved.In hippocampal tissue,the content of MDA and ROS were significantly decreased,while the content of GSH and activity of T-SOD in hippocampus were significantly increased.The m RNA expression of mTOR and P70S6K and the protein expression of p-mTOR were significantly increased;the m RNA expression of 4E-binding protein 1(4E-BP1)and the protein expression of phosphorylated-4E-BP1(p-4EBP1)and cleaved capase-3 were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:When the rats are exposed to high altitude hypoxia,the behavioral cognitive ability could be significantly reduced.Aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus can significantly improve cognitive function in rats under hypoxia.The potential mechanism is related to improving oxidative stress,reducing the accumulation of free radicals and metabolites,and activating mTOR signaling pathway.

关键词： hypoxia Cognition Astragalus propinquus oxidative stress TOR serine-threonine kinases

Are Cognition and personality related in budgerigars?

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 315-323页

作者： Jiani CHEN Lu CHEN Chuan YAN Zibo YU Yuqi ZOU Yue-Hua SUN Institute of Innovation Ecology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Science Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China School of Natural Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

In recent years,researchers have been attempting to relate differences in personality(e.g.,boldness,aggressiveness,exploration tendency)to variation in Cognition(performances in tasks that require learning,reasoning,attention,or memory,etc.)both theoretically and empirically.However,it is unclear on what basis personality and Cognition might be associated with each other.Previous theory suggests a connection between fast–slow personality types and cognitive speed–accuracy tradeoffs.In this study,we tested this hypothesis in budgerigars and found that,in their 1st associative learning,birds with fast personality(less fearful of handling stress)were fast learners in the beginning,while slow personality individuals improved faster,but both types of birds did not differ in accuracy.However,these relationships were context-dependent.No significant relationship was found in subsequent learning tasks(reversal learning and a 2nd associative learning)in the familiar context(task setup and apparatus similar to the 1st associative learning).We then conducted a problem-solving experiment with novel setup and apparatus to test 1 possible explanation that the association between personality and Cognition in the 1st associative learning might be caused by noncognitive constraint,such as fearfulness when facing novel task setup and apparatus.We found that fast individuals interacted more with the problem box and solved it,whereas the slow birds were not.We suggest that personalities can influence cognitive performances and trigger a cognitive speed-improvement tradeoff under the novel context.However,there are no consistent cognitive styles that co-varied with different personalities.

关键词： budgerigar Cognition learning accuracy learning speed personality

Visual Cognition of birds and its underlying neural mechanism:A review

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Avian Research 2022年第2期13卷 216-225页

作者： Xiaoke Niu Zhenyang Jiang Yanyan Peng Shuman Huang Zhizhong Wang Li Shi Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology School of Electrical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Birds have acute vision and many remarkable visual Cognition abilities,due to their unique living environment.The underlying neural mechanisms have also attracted interests of researchers in neuroscience.Here,we firstly summarize the visual Cognition abilities of birds,and make a comparison with mammals.Secondly,the underlying neural mechanisms are presented,including histological structure of avian brain and visual pathways,typical experimental results and conclusions in electrochemistry and electrophysiology.The latter mainly focuses on several higher brain areas related to visual Cognition,including mesopallium ventrolaterale,entopallium,visual Wulst,and nidopallium caudolaterale.Finally,we make a conclusion and provide a suggestion about future studies on revealing the neural mechanisms of avian visual Cognition.This review presents a detailed understanding of avian visual Cognition and would be helpful in ornithology studies in the field of cognitive neuroscience.

关键词： neural Visual Cognition

Learning strategies and the social brain:Missing elements in the link between developmental stress,song and Cognition?

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 158-171页

作者： Buddhamas Pralle KRIENGWATANA School of Psychology and Neuroscience University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeScotlandUK College of Medicine Veterinary&Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUK.

Bird songs may advertise aspects of Cognition because song learning and learning speed in cognitive tasks are both affected by early-life environments.However,such relationships remain ambiguous in the literature.Here,I discuss 2 lines of research that may help to demystify links between song learning and Cognition.First,learning strategies should be considered when assessing performance to ensure that individual differences in learning ability are not masked by individual differences in learning strategies.Second,song characteristics should be associated with social behavior because songs have a social purpose and,consequently,should be strongly related at functional and neural levels.Finally,if song learning and cognitive abilities are correlated because they develop concurrently and/or share or compete for the same resources,I discuss ways glucocorticoids may link early-life stress,song learning and cognitive ability,focusing particularly on oxidative stress as a potential mechanism.

关键词： Cognition early-life stress learning strategies song learning spatial memory social behavior

Azure-winged magpies solve string-pulling tasks by partial understanding of the physical Cognition

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 385-392页

作者： Lin Wang Yunchao Luo Xin Wang Abudusaimaiti Maierdiyali Hao Chang Zhongqiu Li School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China

String-pulling is one of the most widely used paradigms in an imal cog nition research. We in vestigated how azure-wi nged magpies Cyanopica cyan us solve multiple-string problems that they have never encountered before. In Experiment 1, the strings were arranged in parallel, slanted, or crossed to investigate what rules azure-winged magpies use to solve multiple spatial relations of strings. Experiment 2 assessed whether the subjects understood the connection between the string and the bait while taking advantage of broken strings. In Experiment 3, the subjects were confronted with strings of different lengths attached to rewards in order to explore whether the string length, as a proxy for the pulling efficiency or reward distanee, was crucial for the birds' choice of which string to pull. Gen erally, the birds were successful in tasks where the reward was close to the correct string's end, and they relied on a "proximity rule" in most cases. The results showed that azure-winged magpies had a partial understanding of the physical principles underlying the string-pulling but were stumped by complex spatial relations. They likely relied on simple strategies such as the proximity rule to solve the tasks. The effects of in dividual difference and experiential learning on string-pulling performance are also discussed.

关键词： string-pulling azure-winged magpies animal Cognition personality

Spicy food consumption is associated with Cognition and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer disease

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第2期134卷 173-177页

作者： Ding-Yuan Tian Jun Wang Bin-Lu Sun Zhen Wang Wei Xu Yang Chen Ying-Ying Shen Hui-Yun Li Dong-Wan Chen Fa-Ying Zhou Xu Yi Gui-Hua Zeng Zhi-Qiang Xu Li-Yong Chen Jin-Tai Yu Yan-Jiang Wang Department of Neurology and Clinical Center for Neuroscience Daping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China Department of Anesthesiology Daping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China Department of Neurology Qingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong 266011China Department of Neurology Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200041China

Background:Recent studies suggest that a healthy diet helps to prevent the development of Alzheimer disease(AD).This study aimed to investigate whether spicy food consumption is associated with Cognition and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)biomarkers of AD in the Chinese population.Methods:We enrolled 55 AD patients and 55 age-and gender-matched cognitively normal(CN)subjects in a case-control study,as well as a cohort of 131 participants without subjective cognitive decline(non-AD)in a cross-sectional study.Spicy food consumption was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire(FFQ).Associations of FFQ scores with Cognition and CSF biomarkers of AD were analyzed.Results:In the case-control study,spicy food consumption was lower in AD patients than that in CNs(4.0[4.0-8.0]vs.8.0[4.5-10.0],PCognition levels was verified in non-AD subjects(r=0.264,P=0.0023).Moreover,higher FFQ scores were significantly associated with higherβ-Amyloid(1-42)(Aβ42)levels and lower phospho-tau/Aβ42 and total tau/Aβ42 ratios in the CSF of non-AD subjects(PCognition levels and reversed AD biomarkers in the CSF,suggesting that a capsaicin-rich diet might have the potential to modify the cognitive status and cerebral pathologies associated with AD.

关键词： Alzheimer disease Biomarker Capsaicin Cerebrospinal fluid Cognition Spicy food

Exposure to dietary mercury alters Cognition and behavior of zebra finches

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 213-219页

作者： John R SWADDLE Tessa R. DIEHL Capwell E, TAYLOR Aaron S. FANAEE Jessica L. BENSON Neil R. HUCKSTEP Daniel A. CRISTOL Biology Department College of William and Mary Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies Williamsburg VA 23187-8795 USA Biological Sciences Virginia Tech 1405 Perry Street Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

Environmental stressors can negatively affect avian cognitive abilities, potentially reducing fitness, for example by altering response to predators, display to mates, or memory of locations of food. We expand on current knowledge by investigating the effects of dietary mercury, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and known neurotoxin, on avian Cognition. Zebra finches were dosed for their entire lives with sub-lethal levels of mercury, at the environmentally relevant dose of 1.2 parts per million. In our first study, we compared the dosed birds with controls of the same age using tests of three cognitive abilities: spatial memory, inhibitory control, and color association. In the spatial memory assay, birds were tested on their ability to learn and remember the location of hidden food in their cage. The inhibitory control assay measured their ability to ignore visible but inaccessible food in favor of a learned behavior that provided the same reward. Finally, the color association task tested each bird's ability to associate a specific color with the presence of hidden food. Dietary mercury negatively affected spatial memory ability but not inhibitory control or color association. Our second study focused on three behavioral assays not tied to a specific skill or problem-solving: activity level, neophobia, and social dominance. Zebra finches exposed to dietary mercury throughout their lives were subordinate to, and more active than, control birds. We found no evidence that mercury exposure influenced our metric of neophobia. Together, these results suggest that sub-lethal exposure to environmental mercury selectively harms neurological pathways that control different cognitive abilities, with complex effects on behavior and fitness.

关键词： animal behavior Cognition ecotoxicology mercury spatial memory zebra finch.

HTR and GRIN2B Variant Associated with Cognition Dysfunction in Electric Workers

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期32卷 220-225页

作者： WANG Li Feng LI Hai Juan REN Cai Xia ZOU Yong QIAO Si Mo ZHI Wei Jia WANG Chang Zhen ZHAO Li DONG Ji XU Xin Ping HU Shao Hua PENG Rui Yun HU Xiang Jun Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine PLA 205 Hospital Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Health Science Center Peking University Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Anhui Medical University

The frequency of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) ranges from 3 to 3, 000 Hz. Workers who are exposed to ELF-EMF include electric power installers and repairers, power plant operators, electricians, electrical fitters, other such professionals. The main work categories in an electrical company or for utility work can be defined according to the five main stages of electricity production and distribution. Studies on the central nervous system (CNS) reported depressed activity in the different neurotransmitter systems and decreased protein content in the brains of animals exposed to ELF-EMF. Some studies reported differences with respect to change in brain function after electromagnetic radiation among individuals[1].

关键词： HTR and GRIN2B Cognition Dysfunction Electric Workers