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Double-blind evaluation of homeopathy on cocaine craving：a randomized controlled pilot study

Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第3期16卷 178-184页

作者： Ubiratan Cardinalli Adler Ana Carolina Acorinte Fernando Oliveira Calzavara Adriano André da Silva Amarilys de Toledo Cesar Maristela Schiabel Adler Edson Zangiacomi Martinez José Carlos Fernandes Galduróz Department of Medicine Federal University of Sao Carlos Washington Luiz 235 Sao Carlos Sao Paulo 13565-905 Brazil Psychosocial Attention Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs Sao Sebastiao 3002 Soo Carlos Sao Paulo 13560-230 Brazil HN Cristiano Homeopathic Laboratory and Pharmacy Dr. Cesar 212 Sao Paulo Sao Paulo 02013-001 Brazil Department of Social Medicine Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo Bandeirantes 3900. Ribeirao Preto Sao Paulo 14049-900 Brazi Department of Psychobiology Federal University of Sao Paulo Napoleao de Barros 925 Sao Paulo SP 04024-002 Brazil

Background： Brazil is among the nations with the greatest rates of annual cocaine usage. Pharmacological treatment of cocaine addiction is still limited, opening space for nonconventional interventions.Homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and Erythroxylum coca have been tested in the integrative treatment of cocaine craving among homeless addicts, but this setting had not proven feasible, due to insufficient recruitment.Objective： This study investigates the effectiveness and tolerability of homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and E. coca in the integrative treatment of cocaine craving in a community-based psychosocial rehabilitation setting.Design, setting, participants, and interventions： A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallelgroup, eight-week pilot trial was performed at the Psychosocial Attention Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs（CAPS-AD）, Sao Carlos/SP, Brazil. Eligible subjects included CAPS-AD patients between 18 and 65 years of age, with an International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis of cocaine dependence（F14.2）. The patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups： psychosocial rehabilitation plus homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and E. coca（homeopathy group）, and psychosocial rehabilitation plus indistinguishable placebo（placebo group）.Main outcome measures： The main outcome measure was the percentage of cocaine-using days. Secondary measures were the Minnesota cocaine Craving Scale and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey scores.Adverse events were reported in both groups.Results： The study population comprised 54 patients who attended at least one post-baseline assessment,out of the 104 subjects initially enrolled. The mean percentage of cocaine-using days in the homeopathy group was 18.1%（standard deviation（SD）： 22.3%）, compared to 29.8%（SD： 30.6%） in the placebo group（P 〈0.01）. Analysis of the Minnesota cocaine Craving Scale scores showed no between-group differences in the intensity of cravings, but results significantly favored homeopathy over placebo in the proportion of

关键词： Homeopathy cocaine-related disorders Clinical trial Opium Erythroxylum coca

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Safety of upper endoscopy in patients with active cocaine use

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2021年第10期13卷 510-517页

作者： Anabel Liyen Cartelle Alexander Nguyen Parth M Desai Vikram Kotwal Jinal Makhija Jie Yu John Erikson L Yap Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess HospitalBostonMA 02215United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology John H.StrogerJr.Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States Internal Medicine John H.StrogerJr.Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States Division of Digestive Diseases Rush UniversityChicagoIL 60612United States Division of Infectious Diseases Rush UniversityChicagoIL 60612United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Augusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912United States

BACKGROUND cocaine is a synthetic alkaloid initially viewed as a useful local anesthetic,but which eventually fell out of favor given its high addiction potential.Its predominantly sympathetic effects raise concern for cardiovascular,respiratory,and central nervous system complications in patients undergoing procedures.Periprocedural cocaine use,often detected via a positive urine toxicology test,has been mostly addressed in the surgical and obstetrical literature.However,there are no clear guidelines on how to effectively risk stratify patients found to be positive for cocaine in the pre-operative setting,often leading to costly procedure cancellations.Within the field of gastroenterology,there is no current data available regarding safety of performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)in patients with recent cocaine use.AIM To compare the prevalence of EGD related complications between active(≤5 d)and remote(>5 d)users of cocaine.METHODS In total,48 patients who underwent an EGD at John H.Stroger,Jr.Hospital of Cook County from October 2016 to October 2018 were found to have a positive urine drug screen for cocaine(23 recent and 25 remote).Descriptive statistics were compiled for patient demographics.Statistical tests used to analyze patient characteristics,procedure details,and preprocedural adverse events included ttest,chi-square,Wilcoxon rank sum,and Fisher exact test.RESULTS Overall,20 periprocedural events were recorded with no statistically significant difference in distribution between the two groups(12 active vs 8 remote,P=0.09).Pre-and post-procedure hemodynamics demonstrated only a statistically,but not clinically significant drop in systolic blood pressure and increase in heart rate in the active user group,as well as drop in diastolic blood pressure and oxygen saturation in the remote group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in overall hemodynamics between both groups.CONCLUSION Our study found no significant difference in the rate of periprocedural adverse events during EGD in patients wi

关键词： Gastrointestinal endoscopy cocaine-related disorders General anesthesia Risk factors Local anesthetics Retrospective studies

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