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Winter coastal upwelling off northwest Borneo in the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第1期34卷 3-10页

作者： YAN Yunwei LING Zheng CHEN Changlin College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration

Winter coastal upwelling off northwest Borneo in the South China Sea （SCS） is investigated by using satellite data, climatological temperature and salinity fields and reanalysis data. The upwelling forms in Decem- ber, matures in January, starts to decay in February and almost disappears in March. Both Ekman trans- port induced by the alongshore winter monsoon and Ekman pumping due to orographic wind stress curl are favorable for the upwelling. Transport estimates demonstrate that the month-to-month variability of Ekman transport and Ekman pumping are both consistent with that of winter coastal upwelling, but Ek- man transport is two times larger than Ekman pumping in January and February. Under the influence of E1 Nino-Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, the upwelling shows remarkable interannual variability： during winter of El Nino （La Nina） years, an anticyclonic （a cyclonic） wind anomaly is established in the SCS, which behaves a northeasterly （southwesterly） anomaly and a positive （negative） wind stress curl anomaly off the north- west Borneo coast, enhancing （reducing） the upwelling and causing anomalous surface cooling （warming） and higher （lower） chlorophyll concentration. The sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） associated with ENSO off the northwest Borneo coast has an opposite phase to that off southeast Vietnam, resulting in a SSTA seesaw pattern in the southern SCS in winter.

关键词： coastal upwelling northwest Borneo South China Sea Ekman transport Ekman pumping,interannual variability

Diversity and distribution of bacterioplankton in the coastal upwelling waters off Hainan Island,China

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第3期41卷 76-85页

作者： Fahui Gong Qixing Ji Guihao Li Kedong Yin Jun Gong School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and coastal Engineering in Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510006China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519080China

The diversity,community composition and 16 S rRNA gene abundance of bacterioplankton along a transect across an upwelling area off the eastern coast of Hainan Island(the Qiongdong upwelling)were investigated in August of 2016 using high throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR assay of 16 S rRNA *** with the offshore stations,the inner-shelf stations had higher bacterial gene abundance(up to 3 fold)and operational taxonomic unit richness,a result of the influence of upwelled and fresher ***,a majority of the reads were affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria(11%-74%)and Alphaproteobacteria(14%-43%).The structure of the bacterial community was significantly affected by salinity,dissolved oxygen,NO_(3)^(-) and NH_(4)^(+),which also defined the physicochemical features of the upwelled ***,the relative abundances and gene abundances of Rhodobacteraceae,SAR86,Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes in eutrophic zone decreased from the inner to outer shelves and slope,whereas Alteromonas,Vibrio and Oceanospirillaceae exhibited an opposite *** study stresses the riverine influence on the oceanographic condition and spatial variability of bacterioplankton diversity and distribution in the Qiongdong upwelling.

关键词： 16S rRNA bacterioplankton coastal upwelling Hainan Island

Satellite observations of coastal upwelling in the northern Arafura Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 361-376页

作者： Zheyuan YU Zhanjiu HAO Zhenhua XU Peiwen ZHANG Jia YOU Baoshu YIN Hongwei YANG College of Mathematics and System Science Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao) Qingdao 266237China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

coastal upwelling is significant for marine ecosystems by lifting nutrient-rich deep waters into the euphotic zone,thereby increasing primary and secondary *** satellite observations show that the northern Arafura Sea(NAS),especially in the coastal region,features high chlorophyll-a(chl-a)concentrations,implying a strong coastal ***,coastal upwelling in the NAS has not received much *** on a semi-automatic image processing technology,the seasonal and interannual variability of coastal upwelling in the NAS are investigated in this study using satellite-observed sea surface temperature(SST)and wind *** results suggest that there are seasonal coastal upwelling events in the NAS modulated by upwelling-favorable southeast monsoon(SEM).The annual mean days,mean area,and annual mean intensity of coastal upwelling events during the SEM season are 92 days,6514 km^(2),and-5.31×10^(5),respectively,while the corresponding values during the northwest monsoon(NWM)season are 32 days,5569 km^(2),and-1.41×10^(5).It is also found that the SEM coastal upwelling in the NAS displays prominent interannual *** strong upwelling events are found in 2010,2013,2016,and 2017 when the southeast monsoon winds were *** analysis suggests that at the interannual scale,the upwelling index(UI)averaged in the SEM season is negatively correlated with that of three upwelling *** can be attributed to the limitation of onshore geostrophic flow which is evidenced by the negative correlation between the UI and the alongshore difference in sea surface *** study highlights the important role of the southeast monsoon in the temporal variability of coastal upwelling in the NAS.

关键词： coastal upwelling the northern Arafura Sea southeast monsoon interannual variability

Evolution of a coastal upwelling event during summer 2004 in the southern Taiwan Strait

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第1期30卷 1-6页

作者： ZHANG Caiyun HONG Huasheng HU Chuanmin SHANG Shaoling State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science College of Oceanography and Environmental Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China College of Marine Science University of South Florida St. Petersburg USA

A coastal upwelling event in the southern Taiwan Strait （STWS） was investigated using intensive cruise surveys （four repeated transects in a month） and satellite data in July and early August 2004. The extensive upwelling-associated surface cold water was first observed in early July （-2.0×10a km2） along the STWS coast. Then, the cold surface water reduced in size by -50% with decreased chlorophyll concentrations after 15 days, indicating the weakening of the upwelling event. At the end of July, the cold surface water disappeared. The temporal variations of the surface cold water and the 3-D hydrography around Dongshan Island are thought to be mainly attributed to the weakened upwelling-favorable southwestern wind, the asymmetric spatial structure of the wind field and the intrusion of warm water from the northern South China Sea.

关键词： coastal upwelling evolution SST ocean color remote sensing Taiwan Strait

A numerical study of the effect of the marginal sea on coastal upwelling in a non-linear inertial model

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第11期57卷 2587-2596页

作者： CHAO JiPing KANG YanYan LI JianPing National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Inertia theory and the finite element method are used to investigate the effect of marginal seas on coastal upwelling. In contrast to much previous research on wind-driven upwelling, this paper does not consider localized wind effects, but focuses instead on temperature stratification, the slope of the continental shelf, and the background flow field. Finite element method, which is both faster and more robust than finite difference method in solving problems with complex boundary conditions, was developed to solve the partial differential equations that govern coastal upwelling. Our results demonstrate that the environment of the marginal sea plays an important role in coastal upwelling. First, the background flow at the outer boundary is the main driving force of upwelling. As the background flow strengthens, the overall velocity of cross-shelf flow increases and the horizontal scale of the upwelling front widens, and this is accompanied by the movement of the upwelling front further offshore. Second, temperature stratification determines the direction of cross-shelf flows, with strong stratification favoring a narrow and intense upwelling zone. Third, the slope of the continental shelf plays an important role in controlling the intensity of upwelling and the height that upwelling may reach: the steeper the slope, the lower height of the upwelling. An additional phenomenon that should be noted is upwelling separation, which occurs even without a local wind force in the nonlinear model.

关键词： coastal upwelling inertia theory Finite Element Method (FEM)

Chemical hydrography of coastal upwelling in the East China Sea

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2007年第1期25卷 16-26页

作者：王保栋王修林 Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China The First Institute of Oceanography SOA Qingdao 266061 China Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China

Based on the field data obtained during cruises on the shelf of the East China Sea from 1997 to 1999, seasonal variations of coastal upwelling on the inner shelf are discussed by using cross-shelf transect profiles and horizontal distributions of chemical and hydrographic variables. Results show that the coastal upwelling was year-round, but the areas and intensities of the upwelling were quite different in season. The coastal upwelling occurred in all of the coastal areas of the region in spring and summer, but in autumn only in the area off Zhejiang Province, and in winter in the area off Fujian Prov- ince. It was the strongest in summer and the weakest in winter. Geographically, it was the strongest in the area off Zhejiang Province and the weakest in the southmost or northmost parts of the East China Sea. The estimated nutrient fluxes upward into euphotic zone through coastal upwelling were quite large, es- pecially for phosphate, which contributed significantly to primary production and improved the nutrient structure of the coastal ecosystem in the East China Sea.

关键词： coastal upwelling vertical structure chemical hydrography nutrient flux the East China Sea

The Variability of Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (pCO2) in a River-Influenced coastal upwelling System: A Case of the Northeast Pacific Coast

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第7期9卷 133-148页

作者： Charles Izuma Addey Zong-Pei Jiang Jianfang Chen Ademolawa John Afelumo Babatunde Rasheed Adesina Abiola John Osanyintuyi Department of Marine Science Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hang-zhou China Institute of Port Coastal and Offshore Engineering Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan China Department of Marine Science and Technology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria College of Marine Geosciences Ocean University of China Qingdao China

The Northeast Pacific coastal ocean, as a typical river-influenced coastal upwelling system, is characterized by significant variability of sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2, 1000 μatm). This study reviewed the pCO2 variability and its underlying controlling mechanism in this highly dynamic region by bringing together previous scientific findings and historical data. The large pCO2 variability reflects the complex interactions between physical processes (riverine input and coastal upwelling) and the biological responses to the nutrient transportation associated with these physical processes, while temperature and air-sea gas exchange play a minor role in affecting pCO2. Both the river water and upwelled subsurface water are characterized by higher concentrations of pCO2

Relationship between the Guinea Current and the coastal upwelling in Northern of Gulf of Guinea

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2024年第4期14卷 63-77页

作者： Sandrine Djakouré Youssouf Konaté Vamara Koné Kouacou Bosson Mamadou Koné Kouassi Yves Kouadio Laboratory of Matter Sciences Environment and Solar Energy (LASMES) University Felix Houphouet Boigny of Cocody-Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire UFR of Marine Sciences University of San-Pdro San-Pdro Cte dIvoire Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Techniques (LSTE) University Jean-Lorougnon Gud Daloa Cte dIvoire

The variability of ocean circulation and sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Atlantic, especially in the Gulf of Guinea (GG), defines this region as exceptionally rich from an oceanographic perspective. The Guinea Current (GC), as the major surface current, plays a significant role in marine productivity and coastal upwelling in the GG. This coastal upwelling is known to influence the climate of the surrounding region, primary productivity and local fisheries. Studies on GC variability and its impact on this coastal upwelling have highlighted that the upwelling downstream of Cape Palmas is influenced by GC detachment, topographic variations and advective processes leading to significant vertical mixing. This study aims to analyze the interannual variability of the GC and its impact on coastal upwelling using the coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity model (CROCO). The model’s evaluation is conducted using observational data, specifically Geostrophic and EKman Current Observatory (GEKCO) and Ocean Surface Current Analysis (OSCAR) for currents, and Air-sea Fluxes for the global Tropic ocean-description (TROPFLUX) and Optimum Interpolation-Sea Surface Temperature (OI-SST) for temperature. Thus, the model evaluation indicates that it accurately replicates ocean circulation and SST patterns in the tropical Atlantic and the GG. The joint analysis of upwelling indices (surface and intensity) and the position of the GC core allowed us to conclude that the displacement of the GC core does indeed influence the upwelling indices in the northern part of GG. However, other oceanic and atmospheric mechanisms such as vertical diffusion and horizontal advection as proposed by previous studies may also affect the year-by-year variability of coastal upwelling in the northern GG.

关键词： Guinea Current Sea Surface Temperature coastal upwelling Gulf of Guinea Tropical Atlantic Ocean

Carbonate dynamics in a tropical coastal system in the South China Sea featuring upwelling, river plumes and submarine groundwater discharge

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第12期65卷 2267-2284页

作者： Wei YANG Xianghui GUO Zhimian CAO Jianzhong SU Liguo GUO Lifang WANG Yi XU Tao HUANG Yan LI Yanping XU Zhe WANG Guizhi WANG Minhan DAI State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

This study examined carbonate dynamics in the northwestern South China Sea(NWSCS),an area jointly influenced by upwelling,river plumes and submarine groundwater *** were obtained from two cruises conducted in summer 2009 and *** 2009,a high salinity-low temperature water mass occurred nearshore off northeastern Hainan Island,indicative of upwelling,commonly referred to as HNEU.A river plume fueled primarily by local rivers and characterized by low salinity and high temperature was observed in the NWSCS off the mainland roughly along the 30 m *** 2012,coastal upwelling off northeastern Hainan Island was not detectable at the surface,but was observed at a different location off eastern Hainan Island(HEU).River plume waters in 2012 were patchily distributed,with a low salinity zone further westerly than that in 2009 and another on the mid-shelf of the NWSCS sourced from the Pearl River which reached out~250 km from the mouth of the Pearl River *** 2009,elevated dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)and total alkalinity(TA)occurred in the coastal plume,where submarine groundwater discharge contributed DIC and TA additions of 38.9±20.5 and 42.5±22.3μmol kg^(−1),respectively,with a DIC/TA ratio of~0.92,which made a minor contribution to the variation of seawater partial pressure of CO_(2)(pCO_(2)),pH and the aragonite saturation state index(Ω_(arag)).Additionally,high surface phytoplankton production consumed DIC of 10.0±10.4μmol kg^(−1) but did not significantly affect TA,which dominated pCO_(2) drawdown in the coastal plume water and increased the pH andΩ_(arag) at *** groundwater discharge was also observed in the region influenced by upwelling,but to a lesser degree than that impacted by coastal *** pH andΩ_(arag) and higher pCO_(2) values than in offshore waters were observed downstream of the upwelling system,attributable largely to organic matter remineralization with a DIC addition of 23.8±8.4μmol kg^(−1).In 2012,submari

关键词： Carbonate system Northwestern South China Sea coastal upwelling Submarine groundwater discharge Ocean acidification

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