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HIV,HCV,and HBV Co-Infections in a Rural Area of Shanxi Province with a History of commercial Blood Donation

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2011年第3期24卷 207-213页

作者： DONG RuiLing QIAO Xiao Chun JIA WangQian WONG Michelle QIAN HanZhu ZHENG XiWen XING WenGe LAI ShengHan WU ZhengLai JIANG Yan WANG Ning Shenzhen International Travel Health Care Center Shenzhen 518033 Guangdong China National Center for AIDS/STD control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease control and Prevention Taiyuan 030012 Shanxi China Wenxi county Center for Disease control and Prevention Wenxi 043800 Shanxi China School of Medicine Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Johns Hopkins Medical School New York USA Peking Union Medical college Beijing 100005 China

Background： Unhygienic blood collection in the early 1990s led to blood-borne infections in Central China. This study aimed to estimate human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） co-infection with hepatitis C and B viruses （HCV and HBV） and their risk factors in a rural area of Shanxi Province with a history of commercial blood donation. Methods： A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2004. All adult residents in the target area were invited to participate in the study. Face-to-face interviews were completed and blood specimens were tested for HIV, HCV, and HBV surface antigen （HBsAg）. Results： Prevalence rates of HIV, HCV, and HBsAg were 1.3% （40/3 062）, 12.7% （389/3 062）, and 3.5% （103/2982）, respectively. Of the 40 HIV-positive specimens, 85% were HCV positive and 2.5% were HBsAg positive. The history of commercial blood donation was positively associated with HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV Co-Infections, but was negatively associated with HBsAg seropositivity. Migration for employment in the last 5 years was positively related to HIV, HBsAg, and HIV/HCV Co-Infections. Univariate logistic analysis showed that illegal drug use, number of sex partners, extramarital sex behavior, commercial sex behavior, and condom use rate were not related to anti-HIV, anti-HCV, HBsAg seropositivity or their Co-Infections. conclusion： The history of commercial blood donation was the main risk factor for HIV, HCV, and HIV/HCV Co-Infections in this former commercial blood donation area. HIV and HCV prevention and treatment interventions are important in this area.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infections Hepatitis C Virus Hepatitis B Virus SurfaceAntigen commercial Blood Donation

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Seroprevalence of hepatitis B,hepatitis C,human immunodeficiency virus,Treponema pallidum,and Co-Infections among blood donors in Kyrgyzstan:a retrospective analysis(2013-2015)

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 401-409页

作者： Bakyt B.Karabaev Nurgul J.Beisheeva Aiganysh B.Satybaldieva Aikul D.Ismailova Frank Pessler Manas K.Akmatov Republican Blood Centre BishkekKyrgyzstanChingiz Aitmatov Ave 60720044 BishkekKyrgyzstan Republican AIDS Centre BishkekKyrgyzstanLogvinenko Str.8720040 BishkekKyrgyzstan TWINcoRE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection ResearchFeodor-Lynen-Str.730625 HannoverGermany Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Inhoffenstr.738124 BraunschweigGermany Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine c/o CRC HannoverFeodor-Lynen-Str.1530625 HannoverGermany

Background:Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan has experienced a major surge in blood-borne infections,but data from adequately powered,up-to-date studies are lacking.We thus examined a)the seroprevalences of hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg),HIV-1 p24 antigen and antibodies against hepatitis C virus(anti-HCV),human immunodeficiency viruses(anti-HIV-1/2,HIV-1 group O),and Treponema pallidum among blood donors in Kyrgyzstan and assess their distribution according to sex,age,and provinces of residence;b)trends in the respective seroprevalences;and c)co-infection rates among the pathogens studied.Methods:Serological screening was performed on 37165 blood donors at the Republican Blood Centre in Bishkek,Kyrgyzstan,between January 2013 and December 2015.We applied poststratification weights to control for sampling bias and used logistic regression analyses to examine the association of seropositivity and Co-Infections with sex,age,provinces of residence,and year of blood donation.Results:Twenty nine thousand and one hundred forty-five(78%)donors were males and 8020(22%)were females.The median age was 27 years(range:18-64).The prevalences of HBsAg,anti-HCV,HIV(p24 Ag and anti-HIV),and anti-T.pallidum were 3.6%(95%CI:3.4-3.8%),3.1%(3.0-3.3%),0.78%(0.69-0.87%),and 3.3%(3.1-3.5%),respectively.Males were more likely to be seropositive for HBsAg than females(OR:1.63;95%CI:1.40-1.90),but less likely to be seropositive for anti-HCV(0.85;0.74-0.98)and HIV(0.65;0.49-0.85).Prevalences were lower in the capital than in the other provinces.There was a decreasing trend in the seroprevalences of HBsAg,anti-HCV,and anti-T.pallidum from 2012 to 2015(P-value for trend,P=0.01,Pinfections.The highest co-infection rate was observed between anti-T.pallidum and HBsAg(6.0%),followed by anti-HCV and anti-T.pallidum(5.2%),and HIV and anti-HCV(4.9%).conclusions:The data suggest that Kyrgyzstan can be reclass

关键词： Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Human immunodeficiency virus T.pallidum Co-Infections Prevalence Blood donors Kyrgyzstan

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Chronic Lyme Disease complex and Its commonly Undiagnosed Primary and Secondary Co-Infections

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2015年第3期5卷 143-158页

作者： Aaron Smith John Oertle Dan Warren Dino Prato Envita Scottsdale AZ USA

Chronic Lyme disease complex describes the burden carried by patients infected with Borrelia burgdorferi as well as other Co-Infections or secondary Co-Infections (opportunistic infections). These infections can cause a significant burden on patients more so than Lyme disease alone. Along with the many underdiagnosed cases of Lyme disease throughout the world exists numerous undiagnosed co-infection and secondary Co-Infections leading to debilitating symptoms for many patients. The potential for Co-Infections varies by location as well as to the exposure to various species of ticks. Since there is potential for patients to experience several tick bites including those of different species, additional microorganisms also commonly transmitted via tick bite are included that are typically left out of the conversation of potential Borrelia burgdorferi Co-Infections. The most common Co-Infections of Lyme disease include anaplasmosis, babasiosis, bartonellosis and ehrlichiosis. Secondary Co-Infections or opportunistic infections commonly seen in patients with Lyme disease are also discussed. By helping to establish a comprehensive list of infections associated with Chronic Lyme disease complex may in fact help patients receive a proper diagnosis in order to administer the much needed comprehensive treatments patients deserve.

关键词： Lyme Anaplasmosis Babasiosis Bartonellosis Ehrlichiosis Co-Infections Opportunistic Infection

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Selective and stable elimination of endosymbionts from multiple-infected whitefly Bemisia tabaci by feeding on a cotton plant cultured in antibiotic solutions

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Insect Science 2020年第5期27卷 964-974页

作者： Dong-Xiao Zhao Zhi-Chun Zhang Hong-Tao Niu Hui-Fang Guo Institute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina

The maternally heritable endosymbiont provides many ecosystem functions.Antibiotic elimination of a specific symbiont and establishment of experimental host lines lacking certain symbionts enable the roles of a given symbiont to be explored.The whitefly Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)in China harbors obligate symbiont Portiera infecting each in-dividual,as well as facultative symbionts,such as Hamiltonella,Rickettsia and Cardinium,with Co-Infections occurring relatively frequently.So far no studies have evaluated the selectivity and efficacy of a specific symbiont elimination using antibiotics in whiteflies co-infected with different symbionts.Furthermore,no success has been achieved in estab-lishing certain symbiont-free B.tabaci lines.In this study,we treated Hamiltonella infected B.tabaci line,Hamiltonella-Rickettsia-co infected line and Hamiltonella-Cardinium co-infected line by feeding B.tabaci adults with cotton plants cultured in water containing ri-fampicin,ampicillin or a mixture of them,aiming to selectively curing symbiont infections and establishing stable symbiont-free lines.We found ampicillin selectively eliminated Cardinium without afecting Portiera,Hamiltonella and Rickettsia,although they coex-isted in the same host body.Meanwhile,all of the symbionts considered in our study can be removed by rifampicin.The reduction of facultative symbionts occurred at a much quicker pace than obligate symbiont Portiera during rifampicin treatment.Also,we measured the stability of symbiont elimination in whitefly successive generations and established Rickettsia-infected and Cardinium-infected lines which are absent in natural populations.Our results provide new protocols for selective elimination of symbionts co-existing in a host and establishment of different symbiont-infected host lines.

关键词： antibiotic treatment Bemisia tabaci Co-Infections endosymbionts infection frequency

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Medley of infections-a diagnostic challenge

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第5期5卷 418-420页

作者： Raghavendra Bhat Parul Kodan Meenakshi A Shetty Department of Medicine Kasturba Medical College Manipal University

We present a rare case of multiple infections coexisting together. This is one of the rarest cases of four infections which coexisted together in our patient. It is an alarming for the physicians to be aware of such i... 详细信息

关键词： Co-Infections Dengue Malaria Hepatitis A Hepatitis E

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Snapshot of HIV pathogenesis in China

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Cell Research 2005年第Z1期15卷 953-961页

作者： Nitin K SAKSENA Megan STEAIN Retroviral Genetics Division Centre for Virus Research Westmead Millennium Institute The University of Sydney Westmead NSW 2145 Sydney Australia Retroviral Genetics Division Centre for Virus Research Westmead Millennium Institute The University of Sydney Westmead NSW 2145 Sydney Australia

Several reviews have focused on the nature of HIV infection and its spread in various geographical regions of China. In contrast, this review provides a comprehensive update on the prevalence of multiple HIV-1 subtypes, consequent emergence of recombinant and novel forms of HIV-1 in China, and the implications this may have on HIV diversity and the development of effective vaccines. In addition it also examines the dissemination of primary drug resistance in therapy na?ve patients, as well as Co-Infections with two other important viruses-hepatitis B and C. The main purpose of this review is to provide a current snapshot of HIV-1 pathogenesis in China and possibly shed some light on the future of HIV evolution, and potential challenges for future vaccine and anti-retroviral therapeutics against HIV strains in this area.

关键词： HIV recombination circulating recombinant forms Co-Infections AIDS.

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Epidemiology andinteractions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus - 1 and Schistosoma mansoni in sub-SaharanAfrica

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 6-16页

作者： Humphrey D Mazigo Fred Nuwaha Shona Wilson Safari M Kinunghi Domenica Morona Rebecca Waihenya Jorg Heukelbach David W Dunne Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology School of MedicineCathollc University of Health and Aled SclencesP.O.Box 1464MwanzaTanzanla Department of Environmental Health and communicable Disease control School of Public HealthCollege of Health SclencesMakerere UniversiyP.O.Box 7072KampalaUganda National Institute for Medical.Research Mwanza Research CentreP.Q.Box 1462MwanzaTanzanla Department of Pathology University of CambidgeTennis Court RoadCambridge CB21OPUK Department of Zoology Faculty of SclenceJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyP.O.Box ***NairobiKenya Department of community Health School of MedicineFederal University of CearaCearaBail

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/AIDS and Schis tosoma mansoni are widespread in sub Saharan Africa and co-infection occurs commonly.Since the early 1990s,it has been suggested that the two infections may interact and potentiate the effects of each other within co-infected human hosts.Indeed,S mansoni infection has been suggested to be a risk factor for HIV transmission and progression in Africa.If so,it would follow that mass deworming could have beneficial effects on HIV-1 transmission dynamics.The epidemiology of HIV in African countries is changing,shifting from urban to rural areas where the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni is high and public health services are deficient.On the other side,the consequent pathogenesis of HIV-1/S.mansoni co-infection remains unknown.Here we give an account of the epidemiology of HIV-1 and S.mansoni,discuss co-infection and possible biological causal relationships between the two infections,and the potential impact of praziquantel treatment on HIV-1 viral loads,CD4^(+) counts and CD4^(+)/CD8^(+) ratio.Our review of the available literature indicates that there is evidence to support the hypothesis that S.mansoni infections can influence the replication of the HIV-1,cel-to-cell transmission,as well as increase HIV progression as measured by reduced CD4^(+) T lymphocytes counts.If so,then deworming of HIV positive individuals living in endemic areas may impact on HV-1 viral loads and CD4^(+) T lymphocyte counts.

关键词： Schitosoma mansoni HIV-1 Co-Infections Immunological interactions Deworming

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Prevalence and Clinical Relevance of Schistosoma mansoni co-Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Systematic Literature Review

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第1期13卷 97-111页

作者： Bocar Baya Bourahima Kone Amadou Somboro Ousmane Kodio Anou Moise Somboro Bassirou Diarra Fah Gaoussou Traore Drissa Kone Mama Adama Traore Mahamadou Kone Antieme Georges Togo Yeya Sadio Sarro Almoustapha Maiga Mamoudou Maiga Yacouba Toloba Souleymane Diallo Robert L. Murphy Seydou Doumbia University Clinical Research Center (UCRC) of the University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali Service of Pneumopthisiology of the University Teaching Hospital of Point G Bamako Mali Clinical Laboratory of the University Teaching Hospital of Point G Bamako Mali Havey Institute for Global Health (Havey IGH) Northwestern University (NU) Chicago USA

Tuberculosis disease stands for the second leading cause of death worldwide after coVID-19, most active tuberculosis cases result from the reactivation of latent TB infection through impairment of immune response. Several factors are known to sustain that process.Schistosoma mansoni, a parasite of the helminth genus that possesses switching power from an immune profile type Th1 to Th2 that favors reactivation of latent TB bacteria. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of the co-infection between the two endemic infections. Systematic literature was contacted at the University Clinical Research Center at the University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako in Mali. Original articles were included, and full texts were reviewed to assess the prevalence and better understand the immunological changes that occur during the co-infection. In total, 3530 original articles were retrieved through database search, 53 were included in the qualitative analysis, and data from 10 were included in the meta-analysis. Prevalence of the co-infection ranged from 4% to 34% in the literature. Most of the articles reported that immunity against infection with helminth parasite and more specifically Schistosoma mansoni infection enhances latent TB reactivation through Th1/Th2. In sum, the impact of Schistosoma mansoni co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is under-investigated. Understanding the role of this endemic tropical parasite as a contributing factor to TB epidemiology and burden could help integrate its elimination as one of the strategies to achieve the END-TB objectives by the year 2035.

关键词： Schistosoma mansoni Tuberculosis Co-Infections LTBI Reactivation

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