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Land cover change and carbon stores in a tropical montane cloud forest in the Sierra Madre Oriental,Mexico

Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第10期15卷 2136-2147页

作者： Edgar G.LEIJA-LOREDO Numa P.PAVóN Arturo SáNCHEZ-GONZáLEZ Rodrigo RODRIGUEZ-LAGUNA GregorioáNGELES-PéREZ Center for Biological Research Autonomous University of Hidalgo.42184 HidalgoMexico Institute oJ:Ag ricultural Sciences Academic Area of Forestry EngineeringAutonomous University of Hidalgo.43600 HidalgoMexico Postgraduate School Campus MontecilloPostgraduate in Forest Sciences.56230 Estado de MexicoMexico

Tropical montane cloud forest is one of the ecosystems with the highest biomass worldwide, representing an important carbon store. Globally its deforestation index is –1.1%, but in Mexico it is higher than –3%. Carbon estimates are scarce globally, particularly in Mexico. The objective of this study was to simulate future land-cover scenarios for the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico, by analyzing past forest cover changes. Another objective was to estimate stored carbon in the two study areas. These objectives involve the generation of information that could be useful inputs to anti-deforestation public policy such as the REDD+ strategy. Remote sensing was used to measure land cover change and estimate carbon stocks. Satellite images from 2015, 2000 and 1986 were used, and Dinamica EGO freeware generatedmodels of future projections. Between 1986 and 2015, 5171 ha of forest were converted to pasture. The annual deforestation rates were –1.5% for Tlanchinol and –1.3% for the San Bartolo Tutotepec sites. Distance to roads and marginalization were highly correlated with deforestation. By 2030, an estimated 3608 ha of forest in these sites will have been converted to pasture. Stored carbon was estimated at 16.35 Mg C ha-1 for the Tlanchinol site and 12.7 Mg C ha-1 for the San Bartolo site. In the Sierra Madre Oriental deforestation due to land cover change(–1.4%) is higher than levels reported worldwide. Besides having high values of stored carbon(14.5 Mg C ha-1), these forests have high biodiversity. The models' outputs show that the deforestation process will continue if action is not taken to avoid the expansion of livestock pasturing. This can be done by paying incentives for forest conservation to the owners of the land. The results suggest that REDD+ is currently the most viable strategy for reducing deforestation rates in tropical montane cloud forests in Sierra Madre Oriental.

关键词： cloud forest Carbon stores C mitigation Climate change Dinamica EGO forest management Remote sensing.

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Evolutionary fingerprint, phylogenetic and forest structure of tropical montane Atlantic cloud forests along an elevation gradient

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1259-1271页

作者： Ravi Fernandes MARIANO Vanessa Leite REZENDE Cléber Rodrigo de SOUZA Patrícia Vieira POMPEU Rubens Manoel dos SANTOS Carolina Njaime MENDES Aloysio Souza de MOURA Felipe Santana MACHADO Warley Augusto Caldas CARVALHO Marco Aurélio Leite FONTES Department of forest Sciences Federal University of LavrasLavras 37200-900Brazil 2Environmental Defence Association of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte 30360-110Brazil Department of Ecology and Conservation Federal University of LavrasLavras 37200-900Brazil Department of forest Sciences State University of Mato Grosso do SulAquidauana 79200-000Brazil Agência Zetta Federal University of LavrasLavras 37200-900Brazil. Department of Natural Sciences Federal University of São João del-ReiSão João del-Rei 36307-352Brazil.

Environmental conditions can change markedly over geographical distances along elevation gradients,making them natural laboratories to study the processes that structure *** work aimed to assess the influences of elevation on Tropical Montane cloud forest plant communities in the Brazilian Atlantic forest,a historically neglected *** evaluated the phylogenetic structure,forest structure(tree basal area and tree density)and species richness along an elevation gradient,as well as the evolutionary fingerprints of elevation-success on phylogenetic lineages from the tree *** do so,we assessed nine communities along an elevation gradient from 1210 to 2310 m *** large elevation *** relationships between elevation and phylogenetic structure,forest structure and species richness were investigated through Linear *** occurrence of evolutionary fingerprint on phylogenetic lineages was investigated by quantifying the extent of phylogenetic signal of elevation-success using a genus-level molecular *** results showed decreased species richness at higher elevations and independence between forest structure,phylogenetic structure and *** also verified that there is a phylogenetic signal associated with elevation-success by *** concluded that the elevation is associated with species richness and the occurrence of phylogenetic lineages in the tree communities evaluated in Mantiqueira *** the other hand,elevation is not associated with forest structure or phylogenetic ***,closely related taxa tend to have their higher ecological success in similar ***,we highlight the fragility of the tropical montane cloud forests in the Mantiqueira Range in face of environmental changes(*** warming)due to the occurrence of exclusive phylogenetic lineages evolutionarily adapted to environmental conditions(*** temperature)associated with each elevation range.

关键词： Atlantic forest cloud forest Conservation Community ecology Montane forests Phylogenetic diversity Phylogenetic signal

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Climate and seasonal rainfall anomalies along an elevational gradient in the El Sira Mountains,Peru,and their impacts on tree radial growth

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Journal of forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1521-1538页

作者： Armin Niessner Manfred Kuppers James Graham Luis Valenzuela Aylin Guney Sabine Remmele Reiner Zimmermann Institute of Botany 210a University of HohenheimGarbenstraße 3070599 StuttgartGermany Field Museum 1400 S.Lake Shore DriveChicagoIL 60605USA Missouri Botanical Garden Prolongacio´n Bolognesi Mz.E Lote 6Oxapampa-PascoPeru

The explicit purpose of this study was to characterize climate and vegetation along the western slope of the El Sira Mountains(Peru)and evaluate radial tree growth in response to seasonal rainfall *** May 2011 until September 2015,we monitored radial stem growth of 67 trees using point dendrometers and measured climate within five sites along an altitudinal *** transect extends from lowland terra firme forests,over submontane forests,late and mid successional montane cloud forests up to exposed elfin *** rainfall estimates by the TRMM PR satellite(product 3B42)were highly correlated with our rain gauge observations but underestimate rainfall at high *** intra-annual tree growth patterns could be identified within each elevational forest type,showing species with strictly seasonal growth,continuous growth or alternating growth patterns independent of the *** growth at each site was generally larger during rainy seasons,except for the elfin *** rainy season from October 2013 to March 2014 was extraordinarily dry,with only 73%of long-term mean precipitation received,which resulted in reduced radial growth,again with the exception of the elfin *** indicates that montane tropical rain forests may suffer from prolonged droughts,while exposed ridges with elfin forests still receive plenty of precipitation and benefit from receiving more solar radiation for photosynthesis.

关键词： cloud forest Dendrometer Elfin forest Seasonality TRMM PR Tropical montane forest

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Tree community composition,structure and diversity along an elevational gradient in an Andean forest of Northern Ecuador

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第9期18卷 2315-2327页

作者： JIMÉNEZ-PAZ Rosa WORTHY Samantha J VALENCIA Renato PÉREZÁlvaro J REYNOLDS Alex BARONE John A BURGESS Kevin S Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas Escuela de Ciencias BiológicasFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuito 17-01-2184Ecuador Department of Biology College of Letters&SciencesColumbus State UniversityColumbusGeorgia 31907USA Herbario QCA Escuela de Ciencias BiológicasFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuito 17-01-2184Ecuador The Lovett School AtlantaGeorgia 30327USA

The Andean forests of northern Ecuador are known for their high levels of plant diversity relative to the area they ***,these forests grow on steep slopes that lead to dramatic habitat gradients across short *** extreme habitat gradients make the Andean forest ecosystem an excellent natural laboratory for understanding the effect of elevation on forest community diversity,structure and *** established 31 plots(50 m×5 m)which are divided between two elevational transects in the cloud forest of the Siempre Verde Reserve in the western foothills of the Andes Mountains of northern *** trees and tree ferns with a diameter at breast height(dbh)≥5 cm were measured and *** examined changes in community composition,structure,and diversity along and between the elevational transects and three elevational zones:low(2437–2700 m),middle(2756–3052 m),and high(3163–3334 m).We found four main trends associated with the elevational gradients at this site:(1)community composition differed between the two transects and among the three elevational zones according to N-MDS,ANOSIM,and percentage of shared species,with some species having limited distributions,(2)metrics of community structure showed opposite relationships with elevation,depending on the transect,with the only significant relationship(negative)found between basal area and elevation in the open trail transect,(3)alpha diversity,in general,peaked at mid-elevations,and(4)beta diversity consistently increased with distance between plots along *** complexity of changes in community composition,structure,and alpha diversity along elevation may be related to the heterogeneity of the environment on a local scale,such as topography,soil composition,and even human impact,or to dispersal limitation and should be investigated *** changes in community composition and the relatively high beta diversity found at this site exemplify the biological complexity of mon

关键词： Elevational gradient cloud forest Andes Structure Composition Diversity

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