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Are school uniforms associated with gender inequalities in physical activity? A pooled analysis of population-level data from 135 countries/regions

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 590-598页

作者： Mairead Ryan Luiza I.C.Ricardo Nicole Nathan Riikka Hofmann Esther van Sluijs Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit University of CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUK Faculty of Education University of CambridgeCambridge CB28PQUK Hunter New England Population Health WallsendNSW 2287Australia School of Medicine and Public Health College of HealthMedicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia National Centre of Implementation Science University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

Purpose:It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with population-level gender inequalities in physical activity,and whether associations differ by school level,country/region income,and assessment method.Methods:An ecological study design was employed.We collected data about global uniform practices using an online survey.We searched for country/region-level estimates of school-aged youth meeting physical activity guidelines from international surveillance studies.Study selection was conducted in duplicate using a systematic process,and a random sample of all data was checked to ensure extraction and pooling processes were accurate.We calculated absolute and relative gender inequalities in physical activity for each country.Linear regression examined associations between country/region-level uniform practices(binary yes/no exposure variable)and country/region-level gender inequalities in physical activity guideline compliance(absolute and relative inequalities).We investigated moderation by school level,stratified analyses by income group,and repeated primary analyses using device-measured data.Results:Pooling data from 135 countries/regions(n=1,089,852),we found no association between population-level uniform practices and gender inequalities in physical activity across all ages(absolute:b=-0.2;95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.7 to 1.3,p=0.74;relative:b=0.1;95%CI:-0.1 to 0.2,p=0.51).Subgroup analysis suggested a positive association in primary school settings(absolute:b=4.3;95%CI:-0.0 to 8.6,p=0.05).Among high-income countries,absolute inequalities were significantly greater in countries/regions with uniform practices(N=37)compared to those without(N=48)(9.1(SD=3.6)vs.7.8 percentage points(SD=4.3)).Repeating analyses using device-measured data(n=32,130;N=24)did not alter our primary finding.From initial descriptive statistics,we found that in countries/regions where a majority of schools(>50%)reportedly use uniforms,there was lower compliance with physical activity guidelines among all gender

关键词： School policy clothing Child Adolescent Accelerometer

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PREDICTABILITY BETWEEN HUMAN SUBJECTIVE PREFERENCES AND SENSORY FACTORS TOWARDS clothing DURING EXERCISE IN A COlD ENVIRONMENT

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Journal of China Textile University(English Edition) 1997年第3期14卷 55-60页

作者：李毅 Hongkong Polytechnic Univ Hongkong Hong Kong

Subjects wore T-shirts made from eight fabrics during exercise in a cold environmental condition of 14℃ and 32%RH. Preferences were expressed initially by handling the garments and then again after they had been worn. In the trial, subjective responses to 19 sensation descriptors were recorded. The relationships among the subjective preference votes for different types of clothing and psychological sensory factors were studied by means of canonical correlation analysis.Two highly significant canonical correlations were found, which indicated that the subjective overall preference votes after wearing were very closely related to factors describing tactile and " body-fit" sensations. The subjective preference votes from handling were mainly related to the "body-fit" comfort factor. Canonical correlation redundancy analysis showed that the canonical variables for sensory factors were reasonably good predictors of the canonical variables for subjective preferences, but not vice versa.Squared

关键词： clothing preference votes sensory factors pearson correlation canonical correlation redundancy and predictability.

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Analysis of the Influence of clothing on Characterization from Symbolism: Taking The Scarlet Letter, Daisy Miller, and Dry September as Examples

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2023年第12期13卷 978-982页

作者： HU Ya-ling University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ShanghaiChina

In the novels, the clothing worn by the characters are symbols made and used by the authors to express the characters’ personality and deepen the theme, and grasping their symbolism helps to enter into the interior of the novels and understand their essence. This paper will analyze and interpret the clothing of typical female characters in The Scarlet Letter, Daisy Miller and Dry September from the perspective of symbolism, so as to illustrate how the symbolism of clothing, as a kind of symbols, shapes the image of the main characters.

关键词： symbolism clothing characterization The Scarlet Letter Daisy Miller Dry September

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IN RELATION TO clothing COMFORT DYNAMIC MOISTURE TRANSFER THROUGH FABRICS

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Journal of China Textile University(English Edition) 1995年第2期12卷 47-56页

作者：王正翔李俊张渭源 China Textile Univ Shanghai China

A sweating apparatus has been developed to permit simultaneous measurement for fabric temperature change and relative humidity change at outer still air layer of fabrics. In this paper, we compared the temperature and relative humidity changes for silk fabrics with polyester fabrics and got GM(1,P) relation models respectively between maximum fabric temperature change, maximum relative humidity change at outer still air layer and relative fabric character parameters. Furthermore, by comparing the objective experiments with subjective wear trials, it is found that the amounts of the change rate of fabric temperature and relative humidity at outer still layer are the most important factors which influence clothing comfort in dynamic moisture transfer condition. The more the changes of temperature and R.H., the more the mugginess and the thermal sensation.

关键词： dynamic moisture transfer clothing comfort simulating sweat still air layer wear trials.

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Darks and Stripes:Effects of clothing on Weight Perception

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Journal of Social Computing 2020年第1期1卷 53-70页

作者： Kirill Martynov Kiran Garimella Robert West D-80636 Munich Germany work done at Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL)and Technische Universit at Munchen(TUM) Institute of Technology(MIT) CambridgeMA 02139USA EPFL CH-1004 LausanneSwitzerland

In many societies,appearing slim(corresponding to a small body-mass index)is considered attractive.The fashion industry has been attempting to cater to this trend by designing outfits that can enhance the appearance of slimness.Two anecdotal rules,widespread in the world of fashion,are to choose dark clothes and avoid horizontal stripes,in order to appear slim.Thus far,empirical evidence has been unable to conclusively determine the validity of these rules,and there is consequently much controversy regarding the impact of both color and patterns on the visual perception of weight.In this paper,we aim to close this gap by presenting the results from a series of large-scale crowdsourcing studies that investigate the above two claims.We gathered a dataset of around 1000 images of people from the Web together with their ground-truth weight and height as well as clothing attributes about colors and patterns.To elicit the effects of colors and patterns,we asked crowd workers to estimate the weight in each image.For the analysis,we controlled potential confounds by matching images in pairs where the two images differ with respect to color or pattern,but are similar with respect to other relevant aspects.We created image pairs in two ways:firstly,observationally,i.e.,from two real images;and secondly,experimentally,by manipulating the color or pattern of clothing in a real image via photo editing.Based on our analysis,we conclude that dark clothes indeed decrease perceived weight slightly but statistically significantly,and horizontal stripes have no discernible effect compared to solid light-colored clothes.These results contribute to advancing the debate around the effect of specific clothing colors and patterns and thus provide empirical grounds for everyday fashion decisions.Moreover,our work gives an outlook on the vast opportunities of using crowd sourcing in the modern fashion industry.

关键词： clothing fashion weight perception body size crowdsourcing

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Research on New Testing Method and Instrument of clothing Pressure

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Journal of China Textile University(English Edition) 1999年第4期16卷 104-107页

作者：陈南梁

This paper discusses the formation of the fabric clothingpressure,the efforts of the human body and the impor-tance of the clothing pressure measurement.Several as-pects such as setting up the scientific and simple measur-ing method of the clothing pressure,the designing andmaking the measuring instruments are emphasized.Bymeans of experimental testing and analysis,some usefulresults can be derived from these works.

关键词： clothing pressure mechanical balance type electro - bridge balance type least square method elastic knitted fabrics.

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Study on Protective clothing against SARS Using PTFE/Poly(ether-ester) Membrane

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2004年第6期21卷 58-62页

作者：郝新敏张建春郭玉海 College of Textile Donghua University Shanghai 200051 The Quartermaster Research Institute of the General Logistic Department of CPLA Beijing 100088 Shanghai New & Special Textile Material Research Center Shanghai 200082

By means of texturing with organic conductive fiber, and then being treated with JAM-Y1 anti-bacteria agent, in the end, treated with the XL-550 waterproof agent, the PET fabric has permanent antistatic, anti-bacteria and waterproof and anti-oil properties. The PET fabric was laminated with PTFE membrane by paste dot coating, and then coated by Poly(ether-ester) solution in a direct process. The filter efficiency of NaCl aerosol, penetration property of poliomyelitis virus in liquid and animalcule in air of PET fabric laminated with PTFE membrane are measured. The properties show that the PET fabric laminated with PTFE membrane can separate SARS virus in air and liquid. The protective mechanism is also discussed in the article.

关键词： PTFE membrane, complex membrane, SARS, protective clothing

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Pricing Game Model of Wasted clothing Recycling and Remanufacturing Based on Government Subsidy

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2019年第1期36卷 46-51页

作者：王明敬庄梅玲刘晶 College of Fashion Design and Engineering Qingdao University

In the global environment of pursuing resource regeneration and green environmental protection, more and more wasted clothing need to be solved. In order to make full use of the wasted clothing and save land and soil resources, an idea of wasted clothing's recycling and remanufacturing is put forward. In the new idea a pricing game model is established basing on Stacklberg differential game theory between traditional and remanufactured clothing. In this model, the differences in consumers' willingness to pay and the government's subsidies are considered. Government's optimal subsidy are obtained which ensure not only the interests of manufacturers but also environmental reputation and maximum social benefits. The study is helpful to push the wasted clothing's recycling and remanufacturing plan. It makes some index more precise quantification as government's subsidy, manufacturers and the social benefits. Government and manufactures can make the detailed cooperation plan reference to it.

关键词： wasted clothing recycling and remanufacturing pricing game model government subsidy Stacklberg differential game theory

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Validity of a noninvasive estimation of deep body temperature when wearing personal protective equipment during exercise and recovery

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Military Medical Research 2019年第4期6卷 328-339页

作者： Andrew P.Hunt Mark J.Buller Matthew J.Maley Joseph T.Costello Ian B.Stewart School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences&Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine NatickMAUSA Extreme Environments Laboratory Department of Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK

Background:Deep body temperature is a critical indicator of heat strain.However,direct measures are often invasive,costly,and difficult to implement in the field.This study assessed the agreement between deep body temperature estimated from heart rate and that measured directly during repeated work bouts while wearing explosive ordnance disposal(EOD)protective clothing and during recovery.Methods:Eight males completed three work and recovery periods across two separate days.Work consisted of treadmill walking on a 1%incline at 2.5,4.0,or 5.5 km/h,in a random order,wearing EOD protective clothing.Ambient temperature and relative humidity were maintained at 24℃and 50%[Wet bulb globe temperature(WBGT)(20.9±1.2)℃]or 32℃and 60%[WBGT(29.0±0.2)℃]on the separate days,respectively.Heart rate and gastrointestinal temperature(TGI)were monitored continuously,and deep body temperature was also estimated from heart rate(ECTemp).Results:The overall systematic bias between TGI and ECTemp was 0.01℃with 95%limits of agreement(Lo A)of±0.64℃and a root mean square error of 0.32℃.The average error statistics among participants showed no significant differences in error between the exercise and recovery periods or the environmental conditions.At TGI levels of(37.0–37.5)℃,(37.5–38.0)℃,(38.0–38.5)℃,and>38.5℃,the systematic bias and±95%Lo A were(0.08±0.58)℃,(–0.02±0.69)℃,(–0.07±0.63)℃,and(–0.32±0.56)℃,respectively.Conclusions:The findings demonstrate acceptable validity of the ECTemp up to 38.5℃.Conducting work within an ECTemp limit of 38.4℃,in conditions similar to the present study,would protect the majority of personnel from an excessive elevation in deep body temperature(>39.0℃).

关键词： Protective clothing Body core temperature Heat strain Heat stress Kalman filter Explosive ordnance disposal

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Human Thermoregulation Model for Estimating Thermal Protection Performance of Anti-G Garments

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2012年第1期25卷 47-54页

作者： QIU Yifen WU Wei YUAN Xiugan XIAO Baoliang REN Zhaosheng School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Aerospace Life-Support Industries Ltd.Xiangfan 441003China Institutes of AviationMedicine Beijing 100036China

The body temperature of pilots wearing anti-G garments becomes uncomfortably or even dangerously high in moderate to hot environments. To reduce the body heat stress, thermal characteristics and thermal protection performance of anti-G garments should be studied systematically, but up to now there is no related research to simulate the anti-G garment thermal protection performance. First, a human thermoregulation model is established which can analyze blood convective heat exchange and the central blood temperature fluctuation, according to this model the heat and mass transfer processes of a thermal system are simulated which consists of human body, an anti-G garment, and the surrounding environment, then on the base of this thermal system simulation influences of clothing permeability, thermal resistance and bladder coverage on anti-G garments are analyzed. Calculation of the human thermoregulation model is carried out by using finite element method. Experiments are conducted in 35 °C and 40 °C climate chambers, and model built above is well validated by these experiments. Model simulation reveals that low thermal resistance and high permeability of anti-G garments reduce body heat stress in moderate environments. In hot environments, however, anti-G garments with lower thermal resistance increase body heat stress. The body heat stress rises significantly as the bladder coverage area of anti-G garments increases. Anti-G garments thermal parameters can be appropriately designed by using the model built in this paper to ensure body physiological requirements.

关键词： heat stress simulation heat transfer clothing water evaporation

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