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Over-mature beech trees (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and close-to-nature forestry in northern Iran

Journal of forestry Research 2012年第2期23卷 289-294页

作者： Mostafa Moradi Mohammad R.Marvie Mohadjer Kiomars Sefidi Mahmoud Zobiri Ali Omidi Faculty of Natural Resources University of TehranKarajIran Faculty of Agriculture University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran FRWO(Forests Range and Watershed Management Organization of Iran)RashtIran

Oriental Beech is the most important commercial tree species in northern Iran. In recent years wood production companies interested in felling large beech trees for profit have challenged advocates of close-to-nature silviculture who favor conservation. Our study objective was to assess the economic value of over-mature beech trees by relating tree diameter （DBH） to amount of decay. Based on the location of onset of decay, we categorized three types of decay as stump, stem, and crown decay. Trees of greater diameter （age） typically showed greater decay in the stem. Percent of decayed volume, diameter of decayed tissue, and length of decay in tree stems varied between 0.5%-64.3%, 15 cm-75 cm, and 2.0-19.5 m, respectively. With increasing trunk diameter, the propor- tion of truck decay increased. Red heart and dark red heart constituted 25% and 14.3% of sampled trees, respectively. However, we found no correlation between intensity of stem decay and morphological charac- teristics of trees. Seedlings were not abundant around the bases of over-mature trees, suggesting that the trees did not contribute to regeneration of the stand. Beech trees of diameter 〉1 m do not provide valu- able round wood for industries and cause to raise wood production costs. We recommend that these trees 〉1 m DBH should be retained in forest stands because of their low commercial value but high ecological and conservational values such as maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems.

关键词： Caspian forests close-to-nature forestry Fagus orientalis red heart and stem decay Iran

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Success factors for high-quality oak forest(Quercus robur, Q. petraea) regeneration

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 367-383页

作者： Andreas M?lder Holger Sennhenn-Reulen Christoph Fischer Hendrik Rumpf Egbert Sch?nfelder Johannes Stockmann Ralf-Volker Nagel Department A (Forest Growth) Northwest German Forest Research Institute(NW-FVA)

Background: Within the framework of close-to-nature forestry, oak forest(Quercus robur, Q. petraea) regeneration techniques that consider both silvicultural and nature conservation demands have become a very important *** there are many experimental and local studies that aim at disentangling the relationships between different environmental and silvicultural factors and the success of oak regeneration, systematic supra-regional studies at the greater landscape level are missing so *** this background, the first objective(a) of this study was to present an efficient and sufficiently accurate sampling scheme for supra-regional forest regrowth inventories, which we applied to young oaks stands. The second, and major, objective(b) was to identify the crucial success factors for high-quality oak forest regeneration in northwest ***: Objective(a): Factors that have been identified as potentially crucial for the success or failure of oak regeneration were either included in a field inventory procedure or extracted from forest inventory databases. We found that the collected data were suitable to be analyzed in a three-step success model, which was aimed at identifying the crucial success factors for high-quality oak forest ***(b): Our modeling procedure, which included a Bayesian estimation approach with spike-and-slab priors,revealed that competitive pressure from the secondary tree species was the most decisive success factor;no competition, or low competition by secondary tree species appeared to be particularly beneficial for the success of high-quality oak regeneration. Also fencing and the absence of competitive vegetation(weeds, grass, bracken)seemed to be beneficial factors for the success of oak ***: Trusting in biological automation was found to be mostly useless regarding economically viable oak forest regeneration. To efficiently organize oak regeneration planning and silvicultural decision-ma

关键词： close-to-nature forestry Competition Ecological continuity Forest inventory Forest management Plantplant interactions Quercus robur Quercus petraea Regeneration Silviculture

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