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Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed(Ambrosia trifida L.)in Ontario:Dose Response and Control with Postemergence Herbicides

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 608-617页

作者： Joseph P.Vink Nader Soltani Darren E.Robinson Francois J.Tardif Mark B.Lawton Peter H.Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown CampusRidgetownCanada University of Guelph GuelphCanada Monsanto Canada GuelphCanada

Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) is competitive with agronomic crops and can cause significant yield losses. Rapid adoption of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops and a concomitant increase in the reliance on glyphosate for weed management has led to the evolution of GR giant ragweed in Ontario, Canada. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the level of resistance in giant ragweed biotypes from Ontario, and to evaluate the effectiveness of various postemer-gence (POST) herbicides in soybean (Glycine max L.). The effective dose (ED) to provide 50%, 80% and 95% giant ragweed control was up to 1658, 9991 and >43200 g?a.e.?ha–1 4 weeks after application (WAA), respectively. For effective control, growers would need to apply glyphosate 18 times greater than the recommended field application dose. Glyphosate applied at the recommended field dose of 900 g?a.e.?ha–1 provided up to 57% control and resulted in soybean yield equivalent to the weedy check. cloransulam-methyl applied POST provided up to 99% control, reduced giant ragweed density 98%, reduced giant ragweed shoot dry weight 99% and resulted in soybean yield equivalent to the weedfree check. Chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, imazethapyr and imazethapyr plus bentazon applied alone or with glyphosate did not provide adequate control of GR giant ragweed. Based on these results, some GR giant ragweed biotypes from Ontario have evolved a high level of resistance to glyphosate. cloransulam-methyl applied POST was the only herbicide that provided adequate control and suggests that additional weed management tactics will need to be implemented in order to effectively manage GR giant ragweed.

关键词： Bentazon Chlorimuron-Ethyl cloransulam-methyl Fomesafen Glyphosate-Resistant Crops Herbicide-Resistant Weeds Imazethapyr Soybean

Control of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in soybean with preplant herbicides

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第4期4卷 195-205页

作者： Joanna Follings Nader Soltani Darren E.Robinson Francois J.Tardif Mark B.Lawton Peter H.Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus RidgetownCanada University of Guelph GuelphCanada Monsanto Canada Inc. GuelphCanada

Giant ragweed was the first glyphosate resistant weed identified in Canada. It is a very competetive weed in row crop production and has been found to drastically reduce yields of soybean;therefore, control of this competitive weed is essential. The objective of this study was to determine effective control options for glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in soybean with herbicides applied preplant. Eighteen herbicide combinations were evaluated in field studies conducted in 2011 and 2012 at five locations with confirmed glyphosate resistant giant ragweed. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D ester or amitrole provided the best control of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed 4 WAA. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D ester provided 98 to 99% control and was equivalent to the weed free check at all locations. Glyphosate plus amitrole provided 90% to 93% control and was equivalent to the weed free check at 4 of 5 locations. Herbicides providing residual activity provided variable control across all locations. Of the herbicides with residual activity evaluated, glyphosate plus linuron provided the best control of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed;however, control was inconsistent across locations and years. Glyphosate plus linuron provided 23% to 99% controland was equal to the weed free check at one location 8 WAA.

关键词： Chlorimuron-Ethyl cloransulam-methyl Flumioxazin Herbicide-Resistant Weeds Imazethapyr Linuron Metribuzin Saflufenacil/Dimethenamid-P Soybean

Does the Application of a Fungicide after a Herbicide Reduce Soybean Injury and Increase Yield?

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第2期12卷 128-137页

作者： Nader Soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

A total of four field experiments were conducted during 2017, 2019 and 2020 in Ontario, Canada to determine if applying a fungicide 2 - 3 days after a herbicide, applied POST, reduces visible injury, increases crop vigour and increases yield of soybean. At 3 DAB (days after fungicide application), the POST application of glyphosate, fomesafen, bentazon, thifensulfuron-methyl, cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr caused 0, 11%, 5%, 18%, 9% and 12% visible injury in soybean, respectively. The injury decreased over time with less than 5% injury at 8 WAB (weeks after fungicide application) in all treatments evaluated. The application of pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad after the application of herbicides evaluated did not reduce soybean injury. Soybean vigour with glyphosate, fomesafen, bentazon, thifensulfuron-methyl, cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr applied POST without the fungicide application was 100%, 91%, 95%, 84%, 91% and 88%, respectively at 3 DAB. The soybean vigour increased over time to 95% - 100% at 8 WAB. The application of pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad after the herbicide application did not improve soybean vigour, except with thifensulfuron-methyl where soybean vigour was improved 6% when followed by pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad. There was no effect of herbicide and fungicide treatments on soybean yield except for thifensulfuron-methyl and imazethapyr without the fungicide treatments which reduced soybean relative yield 7% and 10%, respectively. The application of pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad after the application of imazethapyr increased soybean yield 3%. Based on these results, applying pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad fungicide 2 - 3 days after glyphosate, fomesafen, bentazon and cloransulam-methyl does not affect soybean injury, vigour or yield, but it can slightly enhance the vigour and yield of soybean when applied after thifensulfuron-methyl and imazethapyr.

关键词： Glyphosate Fomesafen Bentazon Thifensulfuron-methyl cloransulam-methyl Imazethapyr Pyraclostrobin/Fluxapyroxad Vigour Yield

Control of volunteer adzuki bean in soybean

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第4期3卷 501-509页

作者： Christopher Kramer Nader Soltani Darren E. Robinson Clarence J. Swanton Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Ontario Canada N0P 2C0

The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of various pre-emergence (PRE) and post-emergence (POST) herbicides for the control of volunteer adzuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi) in soybean (Glycine max L.). Trials were conducted at two locations in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2009. Experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with either five PRE or nine POST herbicides. Volunteer adzuki bean interference in soybean resulted in yield loss of up to 25%. cloransulam-methyl, linuron, metribuzin, flumetsulam, and imazethapyr applied PRE provided up to 6, 24, 14, 8, and 0% control, respectively at 8 weeks after emergence (WAE), while acifluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon, thifensulfuron-methyl, cloransulam-methyl, imazethapyr, and imazethapyr plus bentazon applied POST provided 2, 2, 5, 34, 6, 4, and 12% control, respectively at 8 weeks after application (WAA). Generally, with the aforementioned herbicides, soybean yield was equivalent to the weedy control and soybean grain contamination with adzuki bean seed was consistently above the 1% maximum threshold. Chlorimuron-ethyl and glyphosate applied POST provided up to 84 and 94% visual control at 8 WAA, respectively, decreased adzuki bean density, biomass, and seed production, and generally decreased soybean contamination with adzuki bean below the 1% threshold. The only herbicides evaluated in this study that controlled volunteer adzuki bean in soybean were chlorimuron-ethyl (9 g ***-1) and glyphosate (900 g ***-1) applied POST. All the other PRE and POST herbicides evaluated did not provide adequate control of volunteer adzuki bean in soybean.

关键词： Acifluorfen Bentazon Chlorimuron-Ethyl cloransulam-methyl Flumetsulam Fomesafen Imazethapyr Linuron Metribuzin Pre-Emergence Post-Emergence Thifensulfuron-methyl