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Co-varying temperatures at 200 hPa over the Earth’s three poles

Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第2期64卷 340-350页

作者： Keyan FANG Peng ZHANG Jingming CHEN Deliang CHEN Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process(Ministry of Education) College of Geographical SciencesFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Regional climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgBox 460S-40530 GothenburgSweden Department of Geography and Program in Planning University of Toronto100 St.George St.TorontoOntarioCanada

The Earth’s three poles,the North Pole,South Pole,and Third Pole(i.e.,the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings),hold the largest amount of fresh water on Earth as glaciers,sea ice,and *** are sensitive to climate ***,the linkages between climate variations of the three poles,particularly between the South Pole and Third Pole,remain largely *** temperatures at 200 hPa over the three poles are the highest in the summer and are less affected by surface conditions,which could reflect large-scale dynamic *** at 200 hPa peak the three poles during their respective hemispheric summer and exhibit in-phase variations on interdecadal timescales(10–100 years).The 200 hPa temperatures over the North Pole and South Pole were significantly correlated with the Brewer-Dobson circulation(BDC),which transports stratospheric ozone poleward,heating the air at 200 *** warming over the Third Pole was found to enhance the poleward BDC,particularly to the South Pole,linking the Third Pole’s climate to the other two ***,the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation(IPO)also exhibits links with the 200 hPa temperatures of the three poles.

关键词： Three poles Tibetan Plateau Brewer-Dobson circulation Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation climate teleconnection

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Spatial and Temporal Variability of Drought Patterns over the Continental United States from Observations and Regional climate Models

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第2期35卷 295-312页

作者： Yog ARYAL Jianting ZHU Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA

The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial and temporal structure of drought over the continental United States(CONUS) and their teleconnection at different timescales from observations and climate models. We use the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) at 12-and 24-month timescales as the drought index. Spatial patterns of drought regimes are delineated by using the principal component analysis(PCA) while the temporal characteristics of the variability of each drought pattern and teleconnection with climate indices are analyzed by using the wavelet analysis. Wavelet coherence of the drought pattern and four climate indices: El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO), Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO), Atlantic multidecadal oscillation(AMO), and North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) are analyzed. The results show that major drought patterns are located over the Northwest, South, Upper Midwest, and East regions. The spatial pattern of the drought regimes is similar for the 12-and 24-month timescale drought. ENSO influences the drought over West and South at decadal timescales throughout the study period(1950–2015) while intermittent significant coherence is observed at interannual timescale. The coherence of NAO and PDO with SPEI-12 is decreased during recent decades. Generally, regional climate model(RCM)-simulated drought patterns are more localized in a smaller area over the region compared to the spatial extent of observed drought patterns. Power spectra of seasonal to interannual variability(2–5-yr period) of all four drought patterns from RCM simulations are similar to those from the observations. However, at larger periodicities(decadal variations)among-RCM spread increases with increasing periods.

关键词： drought pattern principal component analysis(PCA) climate teleconnection wavelet analysis

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