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The Paleogene to Neogene climate evolution and driving factors on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第7期65卷 1339-1352页

作者： Jiagang ZHAO Shufeng LI Alexander FARNSWORTH Paul J.VALDES Tammo REICHGELT Linlin CHEN Zhekun ZHOU Tao SU CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center of Plant Ecology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China School of Geographical Sciences University of BristolBristol BS8 ISSUK Department of Geosciences University of ConnecticutStorrs CT 06269USA CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The growth of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)during the Cenozoic drove dramatic climate and environmental change in this ***,there has been limited comprehensive research into evolution of climate during this *** we present a quantitative reconstruction using Bioclimatic Analysis(BA)and Joint Probability Density Functions(JPDFs)based on data available for 48 fossil floras,including macrofossils and palynological fossils collected in the QTP area from the Paleogene to Neogene(66–2.58 Ma).Both methods indicate that there was an overall decline in temperature and *** simulations using Hadley Centre Coupled Model version3(HadCM3)show that the most prominent climate change was very likely driven by QTP orographic evolution from the late Eocene,which was accompanied by a shift in temperature from a latitudinal distribution to a topographically controlled *** addition,with the growth of the QTP,temperature and precipitation decreased gradually in the northeastern part of the *** sources of evidence,including plant fossil records,climate simulations and other proxies,indicate that the topographic evolution of the QTP and other geological events,in conjunction with global cooling,may have been the main factors driving climate change in this *** research can provide insights into Cenozoic environmental change and ecosystem evolution.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Cenozoic Paleoclimate Plant fossil climate modelling

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Impact of surface Albedo on Martian photochemistry

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第3期4卷 206-211页

作者： Deepak Singh Physical Research Laboratory AhmedabadIndia

Solar energy is the primary driving force behind a planet’s climate system,and surface albedo plays a key role in determining the energy budget of the *** the Snow,Ice,and Aerosol Radiation(SNICAR)with the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique(LMD)Mars General Circulation Model(MGCM)to create a new coupled model leads to an approximately 4%drop in the net CO2 ice deposition on *** simulated surface albedo affects the concentration of gaseous species in the Martian atmosphere(condensation-sublimation cycle).The new set-up also impacts the solar energy available in the *** two effects together lead to subsequent and significant changes in other chemical species in the Martian *** with results of the MGCM model alone,in the new coupled model CO2(gas)and O3 show a drop of about 1.17%and 8.59%in their respective concentrations,while H2O(vapor)and CO show an increase of about 13.63%and 0.56%in their respective *** trace species,OH shows a maximum increase of about 29.44%,while the maximum drop of 11.5%is observed in the O *** neutral species such as Ar and N2 remain unaffected by the albedo changes.

关键词： Mars Albedo snow photochemistry climate modelling

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The effects of different sea surface temperature distributions over the western Pacific on the summer monsoon properties

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第4期12卷 535-547页

作者： Qian Yongfu Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China China

A modified and improved primitive equation numerical model with p-sigma incorporated vertical coordinates is used to simulate the effects of different sea surface temperature distributions over the western Pacific on the summer monsoon properties. The different sea surface temperature (SST) distributions are automatically generated in the time integrations by using two different SST models, one of which is called the deep ocean model (DOM) and the other the shallow ocean model (SOM). The SST generated by the DOM has the distribution pattern of the initial SST which is similar to the pattern in the cold water years over the western Pacific, while the SST generated by the SOM has the pattern similar to that in the warm water years. The differences between the experimental results by using DOM and SOM are analyzed in detail. The analyses indicate that the most basic and important characteristics of the summer monsoon climate can be simulated successfully in both experiments, that means the climatic properties in the monsoonal climate regions are mainly determined by the seasonal heating, the contrast between the land and the sea, the topography, and the physical properties of the underlying surfaces. However, the differences between the two experiments tell us that the climatic properties in the summer monsoon regions in the cold water year and the warm water year do differ from each other in details. In the warm water year, the thermal contrast between the land and the sea becomes weaker. Over the warm water area, the upward motions are induced and the dynamical conditions favorable for the convective activities are formed, the Somali low-level cross equatorial current is somewhat weakened, while the cross equatorial currents, east of 90°E, are strongly strengthened, the precipitation amount in the tropical regions largely increases, and the precipitation over the coastal regions increases, too. However the precipitation over the southeast China and its coastal area d

关键词： Sea surface temperature anomaly monsoon climate modelling computational models of SST

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An Alternative Means of Assessing climate Models

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第8期5卷 1053-1062页

作者： D. Bray H. von Storch Institute for Coastal Research Helmholtz Center Geesthacht D21502 Germany

The authors compared two different sets of assessment of the abilities of contemporary climate models. One group is made of experts, and their results are provided in two expert reports, while the other is the subjective assessment made by ＂physical climate scientists＂ in general, sampled in a series of three survey questionnaires. The expert group is considerably more optimistic than the general group; the former suggesting progress, while the perception of the latter group is more or less stationary.

关键词： climate modelling climate model assessment survey of climate scientists.

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NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF AEROSOLS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER ON THE climate

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1993年第3期7卷 303-315页

作者：钱永甫 Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008

The climatic effects of the atmospheric boundary aerosols are studied by the use of a three-dimensional climate *** results show that the climate states both at the surface and in the atmosphere change remarkably when the aerosols with different optical thicknesses and properties are introduced into the atmospheric boundary layer of the *** aerosols absorb and scatter the solar shortwave radiation,therefore,they reduce the solar energy reaching the ground surface and decrease the surface and the soil *** temperature in the boundary layer increases because of the supplementary absorption of radiation by the boundary *** the atmosphere,the temperatures at all isobaric surfaces rise up except for the 100 hPa *** atmospheric temperatures below the 500 hPa level are directly influenced by the boundary aerosols,while the atmospheric temperatures above the 500 hPa level are influenced by the heating due to convective condensation and the changes in the vertical motion *** differential circula- tions appear over the desert areas at the low levels,and anticyclonic differential circulations exist at the upper levels in the horizontal flow *** vertical motions change in correspondence with the differential *** changes in precipitation are directly related to that of vertical *** mechanisms of climate effects of the boundary aerosols are also discussed in this paper.

关键词： boundary aerosols climate modelling climate change

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