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Evolution of climate policy in the UK before and after Brexit from the Perspective of Normative Power Theory and Its Enlightenment to China

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2023年第3期14卷 11-16,24页

作者： Yuxin LI Renmin University of China Beijing 100872China

As the host country of the 26 th United Nations climate Conference,the United Kingdom(UK)fully carried out climate diplomacy at the conference,and intended to promote the green concept in the international community through diplomatic means,which shows its greater ambition in international climate ***,the UK,as the source of the Industrial Revolution,has not always followed the so-called green norms in *** the interaction with the EU norms after joining the European Community,the UK gradually developed from an"opponent"of green norms to an"advocate"of green ***"Brexit",the British government did not stop at the previous green norms of the EU,and further gave the green norms a special brand of the UK on this *** present,during the term of Boris Johnson's government,the green norms shaped by the UK have been basically formed and disseminated within a certain *** this paper,based on the normative power theory and relevant historical facts,how the UK has shaped international norms and obtained normative power through a series of climate policy will be discussed,and some enlightenment to China's participation in the construction of international norms system today will be obtained.

关键词： Normative force climate policy Sustainable development

China's climate policy:does an Arctic dimension exist?

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Advances in Polar Science 2016年第3期27卷 139-145页

作者： Gorild Heggelund Cheng Han The Fridtjof Nansen Institute(FNI) Fridtj of Nansensvei 17Lysaker 1326Norway

The article discusses whether and to what extent an Arctic dimension in Chinese climate policy exists, and whether there are signs of potential linkages between China＇s engagement in the Arctic and its domestic climate policies. Although the Arctic is not directly addressed in domestic climate policy, the article concludes that an Arctic dimension exists, in the following areas： the growing awareness in China of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, climate risk, resilience and vulnerability, which has contributed to increased attention to climatic change in the Arctic and its impact on China; polar scientific research, which is largely climate related, plays a significant role in determining China＇s Arctic climate agenda; China＇s climate policymaking and domestic institutional set-up is a contributing factor to climate engagement in the Arctic; China＇s status as an observer nation in the Arctic Council might potentially raise the profile of domestic climate policies and lead to the addition of an Arctic pillar to national climate change strategies.

关键词： China domestic climate policy GHG emissions climate risk and resilience Arctic climate policy Arctic Council

Modeling the Economic Costs of climate policy:An Overview

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American Journal of climate Change 2012年第1期1卷 14-32页

作者： Patrik Soderholm Economics Unit Lulea University of TechnologyLuleaSweden

The overall objective of this paper is to scrutinize previous economic models used to assess the economic costs of cli-mate policy. We pay particular attention to the way in which different model structures and assumptions affect cost es-timates, and highlight the limitations and the strengths of different types of modelling approaches. The paper begins by briefly discussing the concept of economic costs, different cost categories (i.e., direct costs, partial equilibrium costs and general equilibrium costs), and the various model approaches that can be used to assess the economic impacts of climate policy (e.g., top-down versus bottom-up models). A systematic review of the main assumptions and methodo-logical choices that underlie different reported cost estimates is presented, and we distinguish between five main types of climate policy cost drivers: a) the baseline scenario;b) the structural characteristics of the models;c) the representa-tion of technological change (e.g., endogenous or exogenous);d) the design of climate policy;and e) the inclusion of non-market costs and benefits. The analysis shows that all these elements help explain model outcomes.

关键词： Economic Costs climate policy climate-Economy Models

Could the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism promote climate mitigation?An economy-wide analysis

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Advances in climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 557-571页

作者： Kun ZHANG Yun-Fei YAO Xiang-Yan QIAN Yu-Fei ZHANG Qiao-Mei LIANG Yi-Ming WEI College of Economics and Management Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Center for Energy and Environmental policy Research Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Management and Economics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Economics and Environmental Management Beijing 100081China Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering SinopecBeijing 100101China College of Economics and Management Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Due to concerns about carbon leakage and sectoral competitiveness,the European Union(EU)proposed implementing the carbon border adjustment mechanism(CBAM).The effectiveness and potential negative consequences of CBAM have aroused extensive *** the perspective of the economy-wide analysis,this study uses a global computable general equilibrium model to explore the rationality of CBAM from the aspects of socioeconomic impact and the effects of promoting climate ***,the potential alternative mechanism of CBAM is *** results show that CBAM can reduce the EU's gross domestic product(GDP)loss;however,the GDP loss in all other regions ***,CBAM raises household welfare losses in most regions,including the ***,although CBAM can reduce the marginal abatement cost in eight regions,it comes at the cost of greater economic ***,the economic and household welfare cost of raising emissions reduction targets in regions like the USA and Japan is substantially higher than the impact of passively accepting the CBAM;therefore,CBAM's ability to drive ambitious emission reduction initiatives may be ***,for the potential alternative mechanism,from the perspective of reducing economic cost and household welfare losses,the EU could implement domestic tax cuts in the short-term and promote global unified carbon pricing in the long-term.

关键词： Border adjustment mechanism Computable general equilibrium model Carbon price climate policy Global carbon pricing

Evaluating cost and benefit of air pollution control policies in China:A systematic review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 140-155页

作者： Xinyuan Liu Chaoyi Guo Yazhen Wu Chen Huang Keding Lu Yuanhang Zhang Lei Duan Miaomiao Cheng Fahe Chai Fengqiao Mei Hancheng Dai Laboratory of Energy&Environmental Economics and policy College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012China

China has put great efforts into air pollution control over the past years and recently committed to its most ambitious climate *** and benefit analysis has been widely used to evaluate the control policies in terms of past performance,future reduction potential,and direct and indirect *** understand the cost and benefit analysis for air pollution control in China,we conducted a bibliometric review of more than 100 studies published over the past two decades,including the current research progress,most commonly adopted methods,and core *** control target in cost and benefit analysis has shifted in three stages,from individual and primary pollution control,moving to joint prevention of multiple and secondary pollutants,and then towards synergistic control of air pollution and *** the expansion of the research scope,the integrated assessment model has gradually demonstrated the necessity for long-term ex-anti policy simulation,especially for dealing with complex *** ensure long-term air quality,climate,public health,and sustainable economic development,substantial evidence from published studies has suggested that China needs to continue its efforts in the upstream adjustment of the energy system and industrial structure with multi-regional and-sector *** cost and benefit review paper provides decision-makers with the fundamental information and knowledge gaps in air pollution control strategies in China,and direction for facing future challenges.

关键词： Air pollution control policy Cost and benefit analysis climate policy Health co-benefit Economic impact

Expert networks as science-policy interlocutors in the implementation of a monitoring reporting and verification （MRV） system

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Frontiers in Energy 2018年第3期12卷 376-388页

作者： Remi CHANDRAN Tsuyoshi FUJITA Minoru FUJII Shuichi ASHINA Kei GOMI Rizaldi BOER Muhammad ARDIANSYAH Seiya MAKI Center for Social and Environmental System Research National Institutefor Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan Centre for climate Risk and Opportunity Management in Southeast Asiaand Pacific (CCROM-SEAP) Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)Bogor Indonesia

The Paris Agreement, which entered into effect in 2016, emphasizes a definite timeline for communicating and maintaining successive nationally determined con- tributions （NDCs） that it plans to achieve in addressing climate change. This calls for the development of a measurement, reporting and verification （MRV） system and a Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency （CBIT）. Though such actions are universally accepted by the Parties to the Paris Agreement, earlier studies have shown that there remain technological, social, political and financial constrains which will affect the development and deployment of such a system. In this paper, using a case study on MRV implementation in Bogor City in Indonesia, how the above-mentioned challenges can be overcome is outlined through a technological and policy innovation process where scientists and technologists （collectively referred as expert networks） can join hands with local governments and national policy makers in designing, development and implementation of an MRV system that meets the local, national and global requirements. Through the case study it is further observed that expert networks can act as interactive knowledge generators and policy interlocutors in bridging technology with policy. To be specific, first, a brief history of the international context of MRV and CBIT is outlined. Next, the theoretical under- pinning of the study is contextualized within the existing theories related to public policy and international relations. Finally, the case study is outlined and investigated where the engagement of an expert-network and policy makers in the design, development and implementation of an MRV tool is showcased.

关键词： MRV CBIT UNFCCC Indonesia Japan ICT based monitoring climate policy

Variability in total cost of vehicle ownership across vehicle and user profiles

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Communications in Transportation Research 2022年第1期2卷 206-221页

作者： Yulu Guo J.Andrew Kelly J.Peter Clinch UCD Environmental policy University College DublinRichviewClonskeaghIreland EnvEcon Decision Support 11 Priory Office ParkBlackrockDublinIreland UCD Earth Institute and UCD Geary Institute for Public policy BelfieldDublin4Ireland

Widespread adoption of electric vehicles(EVs)is a common and critical component of international strategies to mitigate environmental pollution,climate change and oil *** ability of consumers to assess the total cost of ownership(TCO)of EVs relative to internal combustion engine vehicles(ICEVs)remains an important factor for EV *** TCO of vehicles is not universal across different car segments and user *** analyse and compare the TCO of ICEVs and EVs from 17 car segments across short-and long-term ownership periods,and further advance existing TCO approaches by integrating detailed activity-based driving profiles,taxation,grant structures and *** show that EV options in the most popular Irish car segments have existing battery EV options with a TCO averaging respectively 26% and 42% less than their equivalent petrol and diesel ICEV options over a 4-year ownership term when the current grant is *** integrated method for granular TCO evaluation offers important insights for this market and affords scope to investigate how changes in travel patterns,car-segment pricing,taxation,grant policy,fuel costs,and carbon pricing and other transport policies can all affect TCO values over time across a broad range of market offerings.

关键词： Total cost of ownership Electric vehicles(EVs) Driving profile Car segments Depreciation cost Transport climate policy

Overlapping Generations and Environmental policy： An Introduction

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2014年第1期9卷 6-24页

作者： Larry Karp Agricultural and Resource Economics Department University of California Berkeley. Berke-ley CA 94720-3310 USA

A small but growing body of literature uses overlapping generations （OLG） models to study environmental policy for long-lived problems such as climate change. An OLG model, unlike the infinitely lived representative agent model, dis- tinguishes between impatience with respect to one＇s own future utility, and attitudes toward successors＇ utility. I discuss the problem of time inconsistency, the role of Markov perfection, and show that a class of OLG models can be studied using me- thods developed to analyze models of non-constant discounting. An example illu- strates the techniques and determines the conditions under which, in equilibrium, there is under-investment or over-investment in natural capital.

关键词： overlapping generations climate policy time consistency Markov per-fection under-investment

Blind spots in climate finance for innovation Peter WARREN

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Advances in climate Change Research 2020年第1期11卷 60-64页

作者： Peter WARREN School of Public policy University College London(UCL)LondonWCIH 9QUUK

International climate finance is a sub-set of green finance and refers to investments specifically in climate change mitigation and adaptation activities,which primarily involve public finance and the leveraging of private finance in developing *** addition to continued international support for scaling low carbon solutions and facilitating replicability in developing countries,there remains an important need to increase the amount of climate finance provided to innovation,particularly demonstration(for technology innovation)and pilot implementation(for policy innovation),and to channel a greater proportion of Official Development Assistance(ODA)to‘hard-to-abate'areas,such as industrial decarbonisation,international transport and cross-sectoral issues like cooling and behavioural insights,to accelerate the commercialisation and implementation of technological,linancial and policy solutions to contribute to meeting the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to‘well-below'2℃ in these *** research,development and demonstration(RD&D)support with technical assistance is important in providing the route to obtain wider donor finance(concessional finance)and private finance to enable deployment through scalability and replicability.

关键词： climate finance climate policy Paris Agreement Official development assistance Industrial decarbonisation Sustainable cooling Behavioural insights International transport