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Near-term quantum computing techniques: Variational quantum algorithms, error mitigation, circuit compilation, benchmarking and classical simulation

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第5期66卷 23-72页

作者： He-Liang Huang Xiao-Yue Xu Chu Guo Guojing Tian Shi-Jie Wei Xiaoming Sun Wan-Su Bao Gui-Lu Long Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography Zhengzhou 450000China State Key Lab of Processors Institute of Computing TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Quantum computing is a game-changing technology for global academia,research centers and industries including computational science,mathematics,finance,pharmaceutical,materials science,chemistry and *** it has seen a major boost in the last decade,we are still a long way from reaching the maturity of a full-fledged quantum *** said,we will be in the noisy-intermediate scale quantum(NISQ)era for a long time,working on dozens or even thousands of qubits quantum computing *** outstanding challenge,then,is to come up with an application that can reliably carry out a nontrivial task of interest on the near-term quantum devices with non-negligible quantum *** address this challenge,several near-term quantum computing techniques,including variational quantum algorithms,error mitigation,quantum circuit compilation and benchmarking protocols,have been proposed to characterize and mitigate errors,and to implement algorithms with a certain resistance to noise,so as to enhance the capabilities of near-term quantum devices and explore the boundaries of their ability to realize useful ***,the development of near-term quantum devices is inseparable from the efficient classical sim-ulation,which plays a vital role in quantum algorithm design and verification,error-tolerant verification and other *** review will provide a thorough introduction of these near-term quantum computing techniques,report on their progress,and finally discuss the future prospect of these techniques,which we hope will motivate researchers to undertake additional studies in this field.

关键词： quantum computing noisy-intermediate scale quantum variational quantum algorithms error mitigation circuit com-pilation benchmarking protocols classical simulation

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Speedup in classical simulation of Gaussian boson sampling

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Science Bulletin 2020年第10期65卷 832-841,M0004页

作者： Bujiao Wu Bin Cheng Fei Jia Jialin Zhang Man-Hong Yung Xiaoming Sun Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Central Research Institute Huawei TechnologiesShenzhen 518129China CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation Beijing 100190China

Gaussian boson sampling is an alternative model for demonstrating quantum computational supremacy,where squeezed states are injected into every input mode, instead of applying single photons as in the case of standard boson sampling. Here by analyzing numerically the computational costs, we establish a lower bound for achieving quantum computational supremacy for a class of Gaussian bosonsampling problems. Specifically, we propose a more efficient method for calculating the transition probabilities, leading to a significant reduction of the simulation costs. Particularly, our numerical results indicate that one can simulate up to 18 photons for Gaussian boson sampling at the output subspace on a normal laptop, 20 photons on a commercial workstation with 256 cores, and about 30 photons for supercomputers. These numbers are significantly smaller than those in standard boson sampling, suggesting that Gaussian boson sampling could be experimentally-friendly for demonstrating quantum computational supremacy.

关键词： Gaussian boson sampling classical simulation Hafnian Probability distribution Marginal distribution Quantum optics

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