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A Novel classical model of the Free electron

Journal of Modern Physics 2022年第7期13卷 1117-1127页

作者： Arlen Young Independent Researcher Palo Alto CA USA

Previous models of the free electron using classical physics equations have predicted attributes that are inconsistent with the experimentally observed attributes. For example, the magnetic moment has been calculated for the observed spinning electric charge. For the calculated moment to equal the observed moment, the electron would either have to spin at two hundred times the speed of light or have a charge radius two hundred times greater than the classical radius. A similar inconsistency results when the mass derived from the spin angular momentum is compared with the observed mass. A classical model is herein proposed which eliminates the magnetic moment inconsistency and also predicts the radius of the electron. The novel feature of the model is the replacement of a single charge with two opposite charges, one on the outer surface of the electron and the other at the center.

关键词： classical electron model Free electron electron Structure electron Charge electron Radius electron Spin electron Shape electron Compressibility

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Resolving electron Mass Inconsistency Using Negative Mass

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Journal of Modern Physics 2022年第9期13卷 1287-1294页

作者： Arlen Young Independent Researcher Palo Alto CA USA

In a previous publication, the author discussed the electron mass and charge inconsistencies resulting from classical models. A model was proposed using classical equations and two opposite charges to resolve the charge inconsistency. The model proposed in that article is modified herein using classical equations to define a model that also resolves the mass inconsistency. The positive mass of the outer shell of the electron core is replaced with a negative mass. The small negatively-charged core at the center still has positive mass.

关键词： classical electron model electron Radius electron Magnetic Dipole Moment electron Spin Angular Momentum Negative Mass electron Mass Inconsistency electron Charge Inconsistency Particle Physics

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electron Shape Calculated for the Dual-Charge Dual-Mass model

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Journal of Modern Physics 2023年第3期14卷 198-207页

作者： Arlen Young Independent Researcher Palo Alto CA USA

A model for the internal structure of the electron using classical physics equations has been previously published by the author. The model employs both positive and negative charges and positive and negative masses. The internal attributes of the electron structure were calculated for both ring and spherical shapes. Further examination of the model reveals an instability for the ring shape. The spherical shape appears to be stable, but relies on tensile or compressive forces of the electron material for stability. The model is modified in this document to eliminate the dependency on material forces. Uniform stability is provided solely by balancing electrical and centrifugal forces. This stability is achieved by slightly elongating the sphere along the spin axis to create a prolate ellipsoid. The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid is the spin axis of the electron, and is calculated to be 1.20% longer than the semi-minor axis, which is the radius of the equator. Although the shape deviates slightly from a perfect sphere, the electric dipole moment is zero. In the author’s previously published document, the attributes of the internal components of the electron, such as charge and mass, were calculated and expressed as ratios to the classically measured values for the composite electron. It is interesting to note that all of these ratios are nearly the same as the inverse of the Fine Structure Constant, with differences of less than 15%. The electron model assumed that the outer surface charge was fixed and uniform. By allowing the charge to be mobile and the shape to have a particular ellipticity, it is shown that the calculated charge and mass ratios for the model can be exactly equal to the Fine Structure Constant and the Constant plus one. The electron radius predicted by the model is 15% greater than the classical electron Radius.

关键词： electron Shape classical electron model Dual-Charge Dual-Mass model electron Radius Negative Mass electron Mass Inconsistency electron Charge Inconsistency Fine Structure Constant

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