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The role of botanical gardens in scientific research, conservation, and citizen science

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Plant Diversity 2018年第4期40卷 181-188页

作者： Gao Chen Weibang Sun Kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 Yunnan China Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming 650204 China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 Yunnan China

Plant diversity is currently being lost at an unprecedented rate, resulting in an associated decrease in ecosystem services. About a third of the world＇s vascular plant species face the threat of extinction due to a variety of devastating activities, including, over-harvesting and over exploitation, destructive agricul- tural and forestry practices, urbanization, environmental pollution, land-use changes, exotic invasive species, global climate change, and more. We therefore need to increase our efforts to develop integrative conservation approaches for plant species conservation. Botanical gardens devote their resources to the study and conservation of plants, as well as making the world＇s plant species diversity known to the public. These gardens also play a central role in meeting human needs and providing well-being. In this minireview, a framework for the integrated missions of botanical gardens, including scientific research, inJex situ conservation, plant resource utilization, and citizen science are cataloged. By reviewing the history of the development of Kunming Botanical Garden, we illustrate successful species conservation approaches （among others, projects involving Camellia, Rhododendron, Magnolia, Begonia, Alliurn, Ne- penthes, medicinal plants, ornamental plants, and Plant Species with Extreme Small Populations）, as well as citizen science, and scientific research at Kunming Botanical Garden over the past 80 years. We emphasize that Kunming Botanical Garden focuses largely on the ex situ conservation of plants from Southwest China, especially those endangered, endemic, and economically important plant species native to the Yunnan Plateau and the southern Hengduan Mountains. We also discuss the future chal- lenges and responsibilities of botanical gardens in a changing world, including： the negative effects of outbreeding and/or inbreeding depression; promoting awareness, study, and conservation of plant species diversity; accelerating global access t

关键词： Botanical gardens citizen science Conservation biology Endangered plants Germplasm Horticulture

Colour-ring wear and loss effects in citizen science mark-resighting studies

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Avian Research 2019年第2期10卷 148-162页

作者： Andrew M.Allen Bruno J.Ens Martijn van de Pol Henk van der Jeugd Magali Frauendorf Henk-Jan van der Kolk Kees Oosterbeek Jeroen Nienhuis Eelke Jongejans Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Radboud University6500 GL NijmegenThe Netherlands Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology 6503 GANijmegen and Sovon-Texel1790 AB Den BurgThe Netherlands Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOOKNAW6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography 6700 AB WageningenThe Netherlands Centre for Avian Population Studies WageningenThe Netherlands

Background: Ring wear and loss may have important consequences for mark-recapture studies that aim to estimate survival trends. Our study quantifies the rates of wear and loss from a long-running colour-ringing project of the Eurasian Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) in the Netherlands. Methods: Our analysis included 8909 colour-ringed oystercatchers with 118,071 resightings, predominantly ringed and observed by citizen scientists. We quantified how ring wear and loss may vary with ring colour and age, and how this may impact resighting probabilities. We then determined how ring loss may impact survival estimates and resighting probabilities of mark-recapture models by simulating four scenarios of how citizen scientists may resight and report birds with lost colour rings. Results: Annual rates of colour ring loss averaged 2.5% compared with 1% for ring wear, but lost rings also had a higher reporting probability (31.2%) than worn rings (10.3%). Lost rings may not directly impact survival estimates since 50% of oystercatchers with lost rings could still be uniquely identified. Ring wear and loss rapidly increased between 10 and 15 years after ringing. Rates of ring loss were comparable amongst ring colours, but the wear rate appeared higher for red and white rings compared to other colours. Rates of ring wear and loss varied significantly amongst different regions in our study, which were characterised as having different habitat features. Differential rates of ring wear may have important implications for studies conducted over large geographical scales or of multiple species. Conclusions: Based on simulations of ring loss in our population, estimates of apparent survival may be 0.3–1.2% lower whilst the impact of ring wear was deemed even lower. We developed a table of recommendations containing advice for ring fitting, data collection, study design, and mark-recapture analyses, so that future colour-ringing studies can benefit from our experiences in collecti

关键词： Bias Bird migration citizen science Colour-ring Mark-recapture Shorebirds Survival

Data reliability of the emerging citizen science in the Greater Bay Area of China

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 354-360页

作者： Xilin Huang Yihong Wang Yang Liu Lyu Bing Zhang School of Ecology Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen528406China

The potential of citizen science projects in research has been increasingly acknowledged,but the substantial engagement of these projects is restricted by the quality of citizen science *** on the largest emerging citizen science project in the country-Birdreport Online Database(BOD),we examined the biases of birdwatching data from the Greater Bay Area of *** results show that the sampling effort is disparate among land cover types due to contributors’ preference towards urban and suburban areas,indicating the environment suitable for species existence could be underrepresented in the BOD *** tested the contributors’ skill of species identification via a questionnaire targeting the citizen birders in the Greater Bay *** questionnaire show that most citizen birdwatchers could correctly identify the common species widely distributed in Southern China and the less common species with conspicuous morphological characteristics,while failed to identify the species from Alaudidae;Caprimulgidae,Emberizidae,Phylloscopidae,Scolopacidae and *** a study example,we demonstrate that spatially clustered bird watching visits can cause underestimation of species richness in insufficiently sampled areas;and the result of species richness mapping is sensitive to the contributors’ skill of identifying bird *** results address how avian research can be influenced by the reliability of citizen science data in a region of generally high accessibility,and highlight the necessity of pre-analysis scrutiny on data reliability regarding to research aims at all spatial and temporal *** improve the data quality,we suggest to equip the data collection frame of BOD with a flexible filter for bird abundance,and questionnaires that collect information related to contributors’ bird identification *** modelling approaches are encouraged to apply for correcting the bias of sampling effort.

关键词： Bird identification skill citizen science Data quality Sampling bias Species richness The Greater Bay Area of China

Contribution of citizen science towards cryptic species census： “many eyes” define wintering range of the Scaly-sided Merganser in China's Mainland

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Avian Research 2018年第1期9卷 63-72页

作者： Qing Zeng Qian Wei Guangchun Lei School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China China Birdwatching Association Chengdu 610041 China

Background: citizen science has tremendous potential in advancing scientific knowledge and improving natural resource *** detect the wintering distribution of the endangered species Scaly-sided Merganser(Mergus squamatus), national wintering surveys were organized by China Birdwatching ***: The surveys of *** were conducted in three successive winters from 2014 to 2016.A total of 2019 people from 102 organizations participated in the *** three groups of 13 environmental variables, species distribution model for its wintering distribution of each year was developed using random ***'s D index was used to compare the distribution of *** in 3 ***: Totally, 441, 634 and 1138 individuals of *** were recorded in 2014, 2015 and 2016 *** main sites in Dabie Mountain and East Qinling mountains were verified and the wintering range of *** was *** wintering range was found to be highly identical for the 3 ***: The highly overlapped distribution range among years suggested that the wintering range of *** was relatively *** organized and coordinated citizen science can be used to define distribution range and improve species conservation.

关键词： Wintering distribution citizen science Mergus squamatus Random forest

Using citizen science data to improve regional bird species list:A case study in Shaanxi,China

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 341-346页

作者： Ying Ding Lichuan Xiong Fandi Ji Junhui Lu Xiaojia Zhu Huateng Huang College of Life sciences Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China

An accurate and updated regional bird species checklist is the foundation for biodiversity research and ***,with ongoing climate and landscape changes,tracking the distributions of bird species is challenging,and expert-curated species lists are often limited regarding survey area and *** in China is becoming increasingly popular,and observations recorded by citizen birders are quickly increasing as *** the value of these data for improving regional species lists and studying bird distribution needs a detailed and quantitative comparison of citizen science data and expert-curated *** collected observation reports from the China Bird Report Center,the largest online open platform for sharing bird sightings in *** focused on reports from 2016 to 2019 in Shaanxi *** expert-curated species lists,we used three sources:the latest bird field guide published by local ornithologists,the province list from Avibase,and a list generated from overlaying distribution range from BirdLife International with the outline of Shaanxi *** addition,we also compared the bird sighting coordinates with the species distribution maps from BirdLife ***,species checklists from different sources have considerable discrepancies,even among lists based on expert *** birdwatching data,there are 616 bird species in total,but less than half of the species(294)appear in all checklists,and 17.2%of species are unique to one *** hundred sixty-three species lack birdwatching records,but birdwatching identified 39 species new to the *** hundred thirty-six bird species have sighting locations outside the distribution ranges from BirdLife International,suggesting that updates might be *** data also showed a clear trend of bird species shifting to higher latitudes than their traditional *** being inadequate for generating a regional species checklist on its own,b

关键词： Bird distribution Birdwatching citizen science Expert knowledge Species checklist

Weak influence of natural vegetation in urban green spaces compared to agricultural ecosystems on House Martin populations:Insights from nationwide citizen science data in the Czech Republic

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 139-146页

作者： Denisa Dvorakova Jan Sipos Josef Suchomel Department of Zoology FisheriesHydrobiology and ApicultureMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 161300BrnoCzech Republic

The House Martin(Delichon urbicum)is a common farmland bird species in the European landscape,yet its population numbers are currently in ***,it is not yet sufficiently explained why this long-term decline *** fill this gap in our knowledge,we investigated how land cover composition affects the abundance of House Martins on the landscape scale by using nationwide citizen science *** a generalised linear mixed-effect model(GLMM),we evaluated 12,094 records from the Czech Republic spanning *** analysis underscores the significance of land cover type in shaping House Martin *** specifically,our results indicate that within agricultural land covers“naturally managed arable lands”exhibited significant positive effect,while forests,orchards,and vineyards were deemed less favourable for House Martin *** urban land covers,we found a clear distinction in the impact on House Martin populations,with a positive effect observed in urban infrastructure,development areas,and post-industrial sites(i.e.,UrbanAreas),while an indifferent impact was noted within urban green spaces and landscaped areas(i.e.,GreenUrban).Notably,our findings suggest that the simple spatial,age,and species structure typical of forests in Europe,and similarly,the uniform structure of parks and gardens,may be responsible for the decline in the abundance of the House *** advocate for the preservation or enhancement of urban greenery,expansion of natural vegetation in rural areas and adoption of ecological management practices in orchards and vineyards to mitigate further declines in House Martin populations.

关键词： citizen science Habitat preferences House Martin Species distribution Urban and suburban landscape

***:A Platform for Mainstreaming citizen science and Open science in Europe

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Data Intelligence 2021年第1期3卷 136-149页

作者： Katherin Wagenknecht Tim Woods Francisco García Sanz Margaret Gold Anne Bowser Simone Rüfenacht Luigi Ceccaroni Jaume Piera Technische Hochschule Wildau Hochschulring 115745 WildauGermany European citizen science Association Invalidenstraße 41Berlin 10115Germany Ibercivis Foundation Campus Río EbroC/Mariano Esquillor s/n Edificio I+DZaragoza 50018Spain Leiden University Rapenburg 702311 EZ LeidenThe Netherlands Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 1300 Pennsylvania Ave.WashingtonDCDistrict of Columbia 20004United States Earthwatch Mayfield House256 Banbury RoadOxfordOxfordshire OX27DEUK Institut de Ciències del Mar Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasPasseig Marítim de la Barceloneta37-49Barcelona 08003Spain

citizen science(CS)is a prominent field of application for Open science(OS),and the two have strong synergies,such as:advocating for the data and metadata generated through science to be made publicly available[1];supporting more equitable collaboration between different types of scientists and citizens;and facilitating knowledge transfer to a wider range of audiences[2].While primarily targeted at CS,the *** platform can also support *** of its key functions is to act as a knowledge hub to aggregate,disseminate and promote experience and know-how;for example,by profiling CS projects and collecting tools,resources and training materials relevant to both *** do this,the platform has developed an information architecture that incorporates the public participation in scientific research(PPSR)-Common Conceptual Model.This model consists of the Project Metadata Model,the Dataset Metadata Model and the Observation Data Model,which were specifically developed for CS *** implementing these,the platform will strengthen the interoperating arrangements that exist between other,similar platforms(e.g.,BioCollect and SciStarter)to ensure that CS and OS continue to grow globally in terms of participants,impact and fields of application.

关键词： citizen science Metadata Open science Public participation in scientific research(PPSR)

Assessing citizen science opportunities in forest monitoring using probabilistic topic modelling

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Forestry Studies in China 2014年第2期16卷 93-104页

作者： Stefan Daume Matthias Albert Klaus von Gadow Faculty of Forest sciences and Forest Ecology Georg-August-University GttingenBüsgenweg 537077 GttingenGermany Department of Biodiversity Informatics Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryBox 5000710405 StockholmSweden Northwest German Forest Research Institute Grtzelstraβe 237079 GttingenGermany

Background： With mounting global environmental, social and economic pressures the resilience and stability of forests and thus the provisioning of vital ecosystem services is increasingly threatened. Intensified monitoring can help to detect ecological threats and changes earlier, but monitoring resources are limited. Participatory forest monitoring with the help of ＂citizen scientists＂ can provide additional resources for forest monitoring and at the same time help to communicate with stakeholders and the general public. Examples for citizen science projects in the forestry domain can be found but a solid, applicable larger framework to utilise public participation in the area of forest monitoring seems to be lacking. We propose that a better understanding of shared and related topics in citizen science and forest monitoring might be a first step towards such a framework. Methods： We conduct a systematic meta-analysis of 1015 publication abstracts addressing ＂forest monitoring＂ and ＂citizen science＂ in order to explore the combined topical landscape of these subjects. We employ ＇topic modelling an unsupervised probabilistic machine learning method, to identify latent shared topics in the analysed publications. Results： We find that large shared topics exist, but that these are primarily topics that would be expected in scientific publications in general. Common domain-specific topics are under-represented and indicate a topical separation of the two document sets on ＂forest monitoring＂ and ＂citizen science＂ and thus the represented domains. While topic modelling as a method proves to be a scalable and useful analytical tool, we propose that our approach could deliver even more useful data if a larger document set and full-text publications would be available for analysis. Conclusions： We propose that these results, together with the observation of non-shared but related topics, point at under-utilised opportunities for public participation in forest monitoring.

关键词： Forest monitoring citizen science Participatory forest monitoring Probabilistic topic modelling Text analysis

Effect evaluation of the integration of citizen science activities into environmental education project design: A case study of the Spring Swallow Survey project

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Cultures of science 2019年第2期2卷 161-178页

作者： Nuxue Jiang Lei Zhang Cheng Jing Hubei science and Technology Museum

citizen science is a process that seeks to involve the public in scientific projects through systematic data collection and observations of natural phenomena. Environmental education centres on the relationship between humans and nature and has attracted the attention of more and more educators because of its increasingly important educational value. This paper reports an empirical study on environmental education projects featuring observations of natural phenomena and using local environmental resources. Using the Spring Swallow Survey project as an example, the design ideas and evaluation framework for the project are analysed. The implementation effect of the project is examined quantitatively and qualitatively. Finally,the resource package used in the project is revised and redeveloped according to the effect evaluation data.

关键词： Environmental education citizen science swallow survey project design effect evaluation