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Sacadura Cabral and the Dawn of Portuguese Aviation

Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2016年第1期6卷 16-30页

作者： Fernando M. S. P. Neves Jorge M. M. Barata André R. R. Silva Aerospace Sciences Department Universidade da Beira Interior Covilh&atilde Portugal

Sacadura Cabral was one of the two Portuguese navigators that crossed by air the South Atlantic in the beginning of the 20th century. From 1901 to 1915 Sacadura was at Mozambique and Angola where he developed geodetic and geographical missions of the greatest importance for Portuguese interest at Africa. With the Great World War requirements as a Navy Officer with 34 years old he decided to serve Portugal at the Aviation. In 1915 he went to France and obtained its pilot license. In 1916 Sacadura returned to Portugal and begun its instructor pilot career. He developed the “path corrector” which he created to compensate the drift caused by wind. In 1922 Sacadura made the First Air cross from Europe to South Atlantic. In 1923 he proposes himself to make an attempt to the First Air circumnavigation Journey. He developed all its possible efforts to initiate this journey in March of 1924;however some delays had forced him to postpone the journey. Sacadura received important official medals and prizes, including the PhD Honoris Causa from the Universities of Lisbon and Oporto. In 1924 he died before he could carry out its circumnavigation Air Journey.

关键词： Sacadura Cabral South Atlantic Aerial Crossing Gago Coutinho circumnavigation flight attempt

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Gago Coutinho and the Scientific Navigation

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2016年第10期6卷 751-769页

作者： André R. R. Silva Jorge M. M. Barata Fernando M. S. P. Neves Aerospace Sciences Department Universidade da Beira Interior Covilh&atilde Portugal

Gago Coutinho, jointly with another Portuguese aerial navigator, managed to perform the First flight from Europe to the South Atlantic in 1922, a Journey exclusively guided by internal means of navigation. Despite Coutinho being a person with multi-purpose activity on several areas of knowledge, he became known and glorified in the World in 1922, as an air navigator, a position that he achieved due to an aerial navigation device that he also had invented. Coutinho developed a new sextant model that could be used to measure the altitude of a star (when flying overseas) without the need of the sea horizon. This new device was called precision sextant and was provided with an artificial horizon line defined with the help of a water bubble. Due to his knowledge of Navigation, Astronomy, Geography and Mathematics, Coutinho received from the Portuguese King D. Carlos I, several assignments at Africa and Asia. Gago Coutinho received several important official medals and prizes, including the Ph.D. Honoris Causa from the Universities of Lisbon and Oporto and authored several scientific publications. Coutinho received the distinct position of Admiral of the Portuguese Navy in 1958 and died in the following year.

关键词： Gago Coutinho South Atlantic Aerial Crossing Precision Sextant circumnavigation flight attempt

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