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CONSIDERAZIONI ECOLOGICHE ED ETOLOGICHE SUL BIANCONE(circaetus gallicus)——Ⅰ Appendice LA DISTRIBUZIONE DEL BIANCONE IN ITALIA Ⅱ Appendice DECLINO E PROTEZIONE DEL BIANCONE

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 1980年第1期 124-173页

作者： SILVIO BRUNO FABIO PERCO Centro Studi Ecologici Appenninici Parco Nazionale d’Abruzzo. Istituto di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata dell’Università di Trieste.

circaetus gallicus-specie che in Europa esercita attivita specialmentenell’area delle sclerofille sempreverdi e delle latifoglie eliofile——e l’unico Falconiformepaleartico che si nutre quasi esclusivamente di Rettili e.soprattutto,di Ofidi.Sebbenenon sia immune al veleno dei Serpenti.talvoha preda anche Viperidae e,in Africa e inAsia,Elapidae.

关键词： Pi Appendice LA DISTRIBUZIONE DEL BIANCONE IN ITALIA circaetus gallicus CONSIDERAZIONI ECOLOGICHE ED ETOLOGICHE SUL BIANCONE Appendice DECLINO E PROTEZIONE DEL BIANCONE

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Do supplemental perches influence electrocution risk for diurnal raptors?

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Avian Research 2020年第2期11卷 139-149页

作者： Roberto Sánchez Javier Sánchez Javier Oria Francisco Guil Fundación CBD-Hábitat C/Gustavo Fernández Balbuena28002 MadridSpain Tragsa Group C/Conde de Peñalver8428006 MadridSpain Boscaje S.L. Plaza Conde de Cheste540001 SegoviaSpain Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge Plaza San Juan de la CruzS/N28071 MadridSpain

Background:Power lines are amongst the main causes of mortality for birds globally.Electrocution drives the population dynamics of several threatened species of raptors,at local and global scales.Among the many solutions that have been tested to minimize this threat are supplemental perches;however,their efficiency has rarely been assessed.Methods:We designed 43 transects in 4 districts in mainland Portugal to gather data from birds perching on pylons with or without supplemental perches.From 2015 to 2018,transects were surveyed by car at least once.We analyzed the factors driving the use of these supplemental perches,and we analyzed if there were differences in the perceived risk(calculated from measurements and not from field surveys)depending on whether the perching was on pylons with or without supplemental perches.Results:We recorded 548 perches of 14 species.Weather conditions seemed to play a role in birds’choice of pylons with supplemental perches versus pylons without supplemental perches.Models also indicated a strong influence of observational conditions.The use of models showed us an important specific effect in the selection of supplemental perches where available:there are some species with a greater tendency to perch on supplemental perches,even when they use both pylons with and without supplemental perches.For most of the analyzed species and species groups,perceived risk was higher in pylons without supplemental perches compared to pylons with supplemental perches,but there were differences between species.Conclusions:Supplemental perches may be a useful and efficient tool for mitigating raptor electrocution.However,there are many influential factors affecting their success,and their effectiveness with different species groups is not homogeneous.Some studies show higher electrocution rates for certain species and devices and thus,their efficacy must be validated.We propose a two-step validation process,first in controlled conditions and then in the field.A common protocol should be established t

关键词： Aquila adalberti circaetus gallicus Diurnal raptors Electrocution Power lines Pylons

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