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The synthetic thyroid hormone, levothyroxine, protects cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus of naturally aged mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第8期9卷 864-871页

作者： Ailing Fu Rumei Zhou Xingran Xu School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University

The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxine, play important roles in cognitive func- tion during the mammalian lifespan. However, thyroid hormones have not yet been used as a therapeutic agent for normal age-related cognitive deficits. In this study, CD-1 mice （aged 24 months） were intraperitoneally injected with levothyroxine （L-T4; 1.6 gg/kg per day） for 3 consecutive months. Our findings revealed a significant improvement in hippocampal cyto- skeletal rearrangement of actin and an increase in serum hormone levels of L-T4-treated aged mice. Furthermore, the survival rate of these mice was dramatically increased from 60% to 93.3%. The Morris water maze task indicated that L-T4 restored impaired spatial memory in aged mice. Furthermore, level of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine, and superoxide dismutase were in- creased in these mice, thus suggesting that a possible mechanism by which L-T4 reversed cognitive impairment was caused by increased activity of these markers. Overall, supplement of low-dosage L-T4 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for normal age-related cognitive deficits.

关键词： nerve regeneration brain injury hippocampus cholinergic neurons levothyroxine aging learning and memory survival rate cognitive disorder NSFC grant neural regeneration

Age-dependent loss of cholinergic neurons in learning and memory-related brain regions and impaired learning in SAMP8 mice with trigeminal nerve damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第22期9卷 1985-1994页

作者： Yifan He Jihong Zhu Fang Huang Liu Qin Wenguo Fan Hongwen He Guanghua School of Stomatology Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology Huaihe Hospital Henan University

The tooth belongs to the trigeminal sensory pathway. Dental damage has been associated with impairments in the central nervous system that may be mediated by injury to the trigeminal nerve. In the present study, we investigated the effects of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve, an important peripheral nerve in the trigeminal sensory pathway, on learning and memory be-haviors and structural changes in related brain regions, in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Inferior alveolar nerve transection or sham surgery was performed in middle-aged （4-month-old） or elderly （7-month-old） senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 （SAMP8） mice. When the middle-aged mice reached 8 months （middle-aged group 1） or 11 months （middle-aged group 2）, and the elderly group reached 11 months, step-down passive avoidance and Y-maze tests of learn-ing and memory were performed, and the cholinergic system was examined in the hippocampus （Nissl staining and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry） and basal forebrain （choline acetyltrans-ferase immunohistochemistry）. In the elderly group, animals that underwent nerve transection had fewer pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions, fewer cholinergic ifbers in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and fewer cholinergic neurons in the medial septal nucleus and vertical limb of the diagonal band, compared with sham-operated animals, as well as showing impairments in learning and memory. Conversely, no signiifcant differences in histology or be-havior were observed between middle-aged group 1 or group 2 transected mice and age-matched sham-operated mice. The present ifndings suggest that trigeminal nerve damage in old age, but not middle age, can induce degeneration of the septal-hippocampal cholinergic system and loss of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and ultimately impair learning ability. Our results highlight the importance of active treatment of trigeminal nerve damage in elderly patients and those with Alzheimer’s disease, and indicate th

关键词： nerve regeneration Alzheimer' s disease trigeminal nerve learning memory hippocampal CA1 hippocampal CA3 dentate gyrus basal forebrain medial septal nucleus vertical limb of the diagonal band cholinergic neurons cholinergic fibers pyramidal cells NSFC grants neural regeneration

The expression of Hes1 and Mash1 genes during the spinal cord stem cells specifically differentiating into cholinergic neurons in rat

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The expression of Hes1 and Mash1 genes during the spinal cor...

Selective Activation of Basal Forebrain cholinergic neurons Attenuates Polymicrobial Sepsis-Induced Inflammation via the cholinergic to Dopaminergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway

中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Chun-Fang WANG~*,Fei WANG,Peng-Fei LI,Hong-En WEI Department of Biotechnology,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China

＜正＞Objective Previous papers reported that neural stem cells could be induced to differentiate into cholinergic neurons in the presence of retinoic acid（RA） and sonic hedgehog（SHH）.However,the mechanism was not well understood. As neural development-related genes,Hes1 and Mash1 are widely expressed in the developing central and peripheral nervous *** this study,we investigated the expression and impact of Hes1 and Mashl genes in the process of neural stem cells differentiating into cholinergic *** We isolated neural stem cells from the spinal cord of fetal *** the combination of RA,SHH,neurotrophin-3（NT-3） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF）,the spinal cord stem cells（SCSCs） of third passage（P3） were induced to differentiate into cholinergic ***-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression changes of Hes1,Mashl and Nestin mRNA in the P3 SCSCs and that after induction for 1 and *** The expression of Hes1,Mashl and Nestin mRNA decreased in a significant manner after lw of induced differentiation compared with undifferentiated SCSCs,and increased slightly after 2w of induced differentiation. Conclusion The Hes 1 and Mash 1 gene may play an important role in the process of SCSCs differentiating into cholinergic *** study may contribute to the identification of molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation of SCSCs into neural cells.

关键词： spinal cord stem cells cholinergic neurons differentiation Hes1 and Mash1

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Selective Activation of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons ...

Direct conversion of mouse astrocytes into neural progenitor cells and specific lineages of neurons

中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Qian Zhai Dengming Lai Ping Cui Rui Zhou Qixing Chen Jinchao Hou Yunting Su Libiao Pan Xiaoru Ma Hui Ye Jing-Wei Zhao Xiangming Fang Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Neurobiology Institute of Neuroscience Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Anatomy Institute of Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China Zhejiang University School of Medicine

Objectives: Basal forebrain cholinergic（ch-BF） neurons are proposed as a major neuromodulatory system in inflammatory modulation. However, the function of ch-BF neurons in sepsis is unknown, and the neural pathways underlying cholinergic anti-inflammation remain unexplored. Materials and Methods: Male wild-type C57 BL/6 mice and Ch AT–Ch R2–EYFP（Ch AT） transgenic mice were used. The cholinergic neuronal activity of the basal forebrain was manipulated optogenetically. Cecal ligation and puncture（CLP） was produced to induce sepsis. Left cervical vagotomy（Lc VGX） and 6-hydroxydopamine injection to the spleen were used. Inflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated in the serum and spleen using ELISA. Results: Photostimulation of ch-BF neurons induced a significant decrease in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum and spleen. When CLP was combined with Lc VGX in photostimulated Ch AT mice, these reductions in TNF-α and IL-6 were partly reversed. Furthermore, photostimulating ch-BF neurons induced a large increase in c-fos expression in the basal forebrain, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus（DMN） and the ventral part of the solitary nucleus（Sol V）. Among them, 35.6% were tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons. Moreover, chemical denervation showed that dopaminergic neurotransmission to the spleen is indispensable for the anti-inflammation. Conclusions: These results are the first to demonstrate that selectively activating ch-BF neurons is sufficient to attenuate systemic inflammation in sepsis. Specifically, photostimulation of ch-BF neurons activated dopaminergic neurons in DMN/Sol V, further mediated by the vagus nerve, a brain-peripheral interaction underlies the effect of ch-BF neurons on systemic inflammation in sepsis.

关键词： basal forebrain cholinergic neurons optogenetics cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway inflammatory cytokines sepsis

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2018年第1期7卷 307-321页

作者： Kangmu Ma Xiaobei Deng Xiaohuan Xia Zhaohuan Fan Xinrui Qi Yongxiang Wang Yuju Li Yizhao Ma Qiang Chen Hui Peng Jianqing Ding Chunhong Li Yunlong Huang Changhai Tian Jialin C.Zheng Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072China Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198-5930USA Department of Neurology&Institute of Neurology Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198-5930USA

Background:Cell replacement therapy has been envisioned as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative *** to the ethical concerns of ESCs-derived neural progenitor cells(NPCs)and tumorigenic potential of iPSCs,reprogramming of somatic cells directly into multipotent NPCs has emerged as a preferred approach for cell ***:Mouse astrocytes were reprogrammed into NPCs by the overexpression of transcription factors(TFs)Foxg1,Sox2,and *** generation of subtypes of neurons was directed by the force expression of cell-type specific TFs Lhx8 or Foxa2/***:Astrocyte-derived induced NPCs(AiNPCs)share high similarities,including the expression of NPC-specific genes,DNA methylation patterns,the ability to proliferate and differentiate,with the wild type *** AiNPCs are committed to the forebrain identity and predominantly differentiated into glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal ***,additional overexpression of TFs Lhx8 and Foxa2/Lmx1a in AiNPCs promoted cholinergic and dopaminergic neuronal differentiation,***:Our studies suggest that astrocytes can be converted into AiNPCs and lineage-committed AiNPCs can acquire differentiation potential of other lineages through forced expression of specific *** the impact of the TF sets on the reprogramming and differentiation into specific lineages of neurons will provide valuable strategies for astrocyte-based cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Astrocytes iNPCs Reprogramming Transcription factor Neuronal lineage cholinergic neurons Dopaminergic neurons Lhx8 Foxa2 Lmx1a

Disturbance of cholinergic Grb2-associated-binding protein 1 signaling participate in the pathological process of cognitive dysfunction

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2017年第5期31卷 475-476页

作者： TAN Chao LU Nan-nan SHAO Ling-xiao LIU Xiu-xiu PAN Yue LIU Yi-jie YU Fang-ying LU Ying-mei 韩峰 College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University School of Medicine Zhejiang University City College 中国毒理学会浙江省毒理学会

OBJECTIVE A causal relationshiphas been postulated between cholinergic dysfunction and the progression of cognitive decline in neurodegenerative disorders. However,the cause of the cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. METHODS Gab1^(loxP/loxP) were bred with ChAT-Cre mice to generate ChAT-Cre; Gab1^(f/f) mice. Excitability of cholinergic neurons wererecorded using whole-cel patch clump. A series of behavioral analyses were used to address the changes of cognitive function in ChAT-Cre; Gab1^(f/f) mice. Neurochemical changes on brain of conditional knockout mice were evaluated by using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS Grb2-associated-binding protein 1(Gab1) is adocking/scaffolding molecule known to play an important role in cell growth and survival. Here,wereport that Gab1 is decreased in cholinergic neurons in a mousemodel of AD. We found that selective downregulation of Gab1 in the septum impaired learning and memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation,whereas overexpression of Gab1 in the same area rescued the cognitive deficitsseen in ChAT-Cre; Gab1^(f/f) and APP^(swe)/PS1 mice.^(18)F-FDGmicroP ET imaging data indicated that Gab1 treatment had no effect on metabolic activity of glucose in APPswe/PS1 mice. Moreover,we identify abnormal function of SKchannelscontributes to increased firing in cholinergic neuronsof ChAT-Cre; Gab1^(f/f) mice. CONCLUSION Gab1 signaling may serve as a potential treatment target for neurological disorders involving dysfunction of central cholinergic neurons.

关键词： cholinergic neurons cognitive dysfunction Gab1 therapeutic target

Effects of L-3-n-butylphthalide on caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-B expression in primary basal forebrain and hippocampal cultures after beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2009年第4期4卷 252-257页

作者： Ruixia Wang Yong Zhang Liangliang Jiang Guozhao Ma Qingxi Fu Jialong Li Peng Yan Lunqian Shen Yabo Feng Chunxia Li Zaiying Pang Yuanxiao Cui Chunfu Chen Yifeng Du Zhaokong Liu Department of Neurology Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan 250021 Shandong Province China Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan 250021 Shandong Province China Department of Neurology Linyi People's Hospital Linyi 276000 Shandong Province China

BACKGROUND： L-3-n-butylphthalide （L-NBP） can inhibit phosphorylation of tau protein and reduce the neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 （Aβ1-42）. OBJECTIVE： To observe the neuroprotective effects of L-NBP on caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-B （NF- K B） expression in a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cell experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University between January 2008 and August 2008. MATERIALS： L-NBP （purity 〉 98%） was provided by Shijiazhuang Pharma Group NBP Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Aβ1-42, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolo-2]-2,5 iphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT）, and rabbit anti-Caspase-3 polyclonal antibody were provided by Cell Signaling, USA; goat anti-choactase and rabbit anti-NF- kB antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz, USA. METHODS： Primary cultures were generated from rat basal forebrain and hippocampal neurons at 17 or 19 days of gestation. The cells were assigned into five groups： the control group, the Aβ1-42 group （2 μmol/L）, the Aβ1-42 ＋ 0.1 μmol/L L-NBP group, the Aβ1-42 ＋ 1 μ mol/L L-NBP group, and the Aβ1-42 ＋ 10μmol/L L-NBP group. The neurons were treated with Aβ1-42 （2 μmol/L） alone or in combination with L-NBP （0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L） for 48 hours. Cells in the control group were incubated in PBS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Morphologic changes were evaluated using inverted microscopy, viability using the M-I-I- method, and the changes in caspase-3 and NF- k B expression using Western blot. RESULTS： Induction with Aβ1-42 for 48 hours caused cell death and soma atrophy, and increased caspase-3 and NF- K B expression （P 〈 0.05）. L-NBP blocked these changes in cell morphology, decreased caspase-3 and NF- k B expression （P 〈 0.05）, and improved cell viability, especially at the high dose （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： AI3^-42 is toxic to basal forebrain and hippocampal primary neurons; L-NBP protects against this toxicity and inhibits the induction of caspase-3 and

关键词： L-3-n-butylphthalide cholinergic neurons beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 caspase-3 nuclear factor kappa-B

Familial Alzheimer's disease modelling using induced pluripotent stem cell technology

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2014年第2期6卷 239-247页

作者： Lisa Mohamet Natalie J Miazga Christopher M Ward Stem Cell Biology Group Core Technology FacilityFaculty of Human and Medical SciencesThe University of Manchester

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which patients exhibit gradual loss of memory that impairs their ability to learn or carry out daily *** of AD is difficult,particularly in early stages of the disease,and largely consists of cognitive assessments,with only one in four patients being correctly *** of novel therapeutics for the treatment of AD has proved to be a lengthy,costly and relatively unproductive process with attrition rates of>90%.As a result,there are no cures for AD and few treatment options available for ***,there is a pressing need for drug discovery platforms that can accurately and reproducibly mimic the AD phenotype and be amenable to high content screening ***,we discuss the use of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs),which can be derived from adult cells,as a method of recapitulation of AD phenotype in *** assess their potential use in high content screening assays and the barriers that exist to realising their full potential in predictive efficacy,toxicology and disease *** present,a number of limitations need to be addressed before the use of iPSC technology can be fully realised in AD therapeutic ***,whilst the use of AD-derived iPSCs in drug discovery remains a fledgling field,it is one with immense potential that is likely to reach fruition within the next few years.

关键词： Human induced pluripotent stem cells Alzheimer’ s disease Neurodegenerative diseases High-throughput screening assays cholinergic neurons Drug discovery Stratified medicine

The effect of Aerobic exercise on AD mice’s hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, acetylcholine enzyme and epidermal growth factor

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The effect of Aerobic exercise on AD mice’s hippocampal neu...