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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第11期21卷 1569-1574页

作者： XIA Jianrong TIAN Qiran School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Marine Biology Institute Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 China

Acute toxicity of excess Cu on the photosynthetic performance of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was examined by using chlorophyll a fluorescence transients and JIP-test after exposure to elevated Cu concentrations for a short time period. High Cu concentration resulted in a significant suppression in photosynthesis and respiration. The absorption flux （ABS/RC） per PSII reaction center increased with increasing Cu concentration, but the electron transport flux （ET0/RC） decreased. Excess Cu had an insignificant effect on the trapping flux （TR0/RC）. The decline in the efficiency, with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain further than QA-（Ψ0）, the maximal quantum yield of primary photochemistry （φP0）, and the quantum yield of electron transport （φE0） were also observed. The amount of active PSII reaction centers per excited cross section （RC/CS） was also in consistency with the change of photosynthesis when cells were exposed to excess Cu concentration. JIP-test parameters had a good linear relationship with photosynthetic O2 evolution. These results suggested that the decrease of photosynthesis in exposure to excess Cu may be a result of the inactivation of PSII reaction centers and the inhibition of electron transport in the acceptor side.

关键词： Chlorella pyrenoidosa chlorophyll a fluorescence Cu PSII

Effects of Low Temperature Stress and INA Bacteriaon chlorophyll a fluorescence Induction Kineticsin Young Fruit of Two Apricot Cultivars

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第12期1卷 1344-1349页

作者： YANG Jian-min , MENG Qing-rui, PENG Wei-xiu, WANG Xue-dong , ZHANG Yuan-hui , SUN Fu-zai, ZHAO Ting-chang and LI Shao-hua(College of Forestry , Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000 , P. R. China Institute of Plant Protection ,Chinese Aeademy of Argricultural Sciences , Beijing 100094 , P. R. China College of Horticultural Sciences ,China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094 , P. R. China) College of Forestry Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071000 P. R. China

Effects of low temperature and INA bacteria on the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence in young fruit from two apricot cultivars were investigated. Low temperature decreased the potential activity (Fv/ Fo), conversion efficiency of primary light energy (Fv/Fm)of PS II and photochemical quenching (qP) in young fruit of two apricot cultivars. Low temperature enhanced non-photochemical quenching qN, decreasing the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transfer. The presence of ice nucleating active (INA) bacteria intensified the effects of low temperature, raised the injury temperature threshold from - 4℃ to - 2 - - 3℃. INA bacteria can be a factor to induce frost susceptibility of apricot fruit. The amount of damaged PS I activity center was related to apricot fruit size and cultivar.

关键词： Apricot Young fruit chlorophyll a fluorescence PS II activity center qP qN Cold resistance Ice nucleating active bactetia

Effects of short-term heat stress on PSII and subsequent recovery for senescent leaves of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Red Globe

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第12期17卷 2683-2693页

作者： ZHANG Kun CHEN Bai-hong HAO Yan YANG Rui WANG Yu-an Horticulture College Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070P.R.China Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research Gansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070P.R.China

Heat stress occurs frequently in energy-saving sunlight greenhouses(ESSG) at the late growth stage. Three-year delayed cultivation(DC) of the Red Globe cultivar of Vitis vinifera L. was used to clarify the physiological mechanisms of short-term heat stress on PSII and subsequent recovery from heat stress. By November, the photosynthetic function had declined and the fall in transpiration rate(E) with heating time increased the possibility of heat damage. In July, the most obvious increase was in the relative variable fluorescence at J point at 40°C, and in November it changed to K point. The 5 min of heat treatment resulted in a significant increase of the relative variable fluorescence at 0.3 ms(W), and after 10 min of heat treatment, the number of reactive centres per excited cross section(RC/CS), probability that a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain beyond Q–(at t=0)(Ψ) and quantum yield of electron transport at t=0(φ) decreased significantly(P<0.05), suggesting that the reaction centre, donor and acceptor side of photosystem II(PSII) were all significantly inhibited(P<0.05) and that the thermal stability of the photosynthetic mechanism was reduced. The inhibition of energy fluxes for senescent leaves in November was earlier and more pronounced than that for healthy leaves, which did not recover from heat stress of more than 15 min after 2 h recovery at room temperature.

关键词： short-term heat stress leaf senescence chlorophyll a fluorescence arid desert region delayed cultivation

Photosynthetic capability and Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn contents in two Moraceae species under different phosphorus levels

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Acta Geochimica 2016年第3期35卷 309-315页

作者： Deke Xing Yanyou Wu Rui Yu Yansheng Wu Chuan Zhang Zheng Liang Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Ministry of Education Institute of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu University Research Center for Environmental Bio-Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

The strong adaptability of Broussonetia papyrifera （L.） Vent. to low phosphorus （P） conditions can be attributed to the large amount of root-exuded organic acids and the high efficiency of P extraction. However, microelement contents are influenced by low-P stress, and their effects on the photosynthetic capability of B. pa- pyrifera remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of low-P treatment on net photosynthetic rate （PN）; chlorophyll a fluorescence （ChlF） characteristics; and Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn contents of B. papyrifera and Morus alba L. seedlings. Results show that B. papyrifera exhibited better photosynthetic capability under moderate P defi- ciency （0.125, 0.063, and 0.031 mmol/L P treatments）, whereas the photosynthetic capability of M. alba decreased under moderate and severe P deficiency （0.016 and 0 mmol/L P treatments）. Under moderate P deficiency, the decrease in Cu and Zn contents in B. papyrifera was lower than that in M. alba. Under severe P deficiency, a consid- erable decrease of photosynthetic capability in B. pa- pyrifera and M. alba was associated with low Cu and Zn contents. The PN of the two Moraceae species exhibited a better correlation with Cu and Zn contents than with Fe or Mn content. P deficiency could not only decrease cyclic photophorylation and photosynthetic efficiency, but could also affect the stability of thylakoid membrane structureand electron transport efficiency by influencing the con- tents of Cu or Zn, thereby affecting photosynthesis.

关键词： Adaptability chlorophyll a fluorescence Microelement Organic acids Sensitive

Comparative Effects of Salt Stress and Extreme pH Stress Combined on Glycinebetaine Accumulation,Photosynthetic Abilities and Growth Characters of Two Rice Genotypes

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Rice science 2009年第4期16卷 274-282页

作者： Suriyan CHA-UM Kanyaratt SUPAIBULWATTANA Chalermpol KIRDMANEE National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Science and Technology Development Agency113 Thailand Science ParkPaholyothin RoadKlong 1Klong LuangPathumthani 12120Thailand Department of Biotechnology Faculty of ScienceMahidol UniversityBangkok 10400Thailand

Glycinebetaine （Glybet） accumulation, photosynthetic efficiency and growth performance in indica rice cultivated under salt stress and extreme pH stress were investigated. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase （BADH） activity and Glybet accumulation in the seedlings of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive rice varieties grown under saline and acidic conditions peaked after treatment for 72 h and 96 h, respectively, and were higher than those grown under neutral pH and alkaline salt stress. A positive correlation was found between BADH activity and Glybet content in both salt-tolerant （P=0.71） and salt-sensitive （P=0.86） genotypes. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids contents in the stressed seedlings significantly decreased under both acidic and alkaline stresses, especially in the salt-sensitive genotype. Similarly, the maximum quantum yield of PSII （Fv/Fm）, photon yield of PSII （ФPSII）, non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） and net photosynthetic rate （Pn） in the stressed seedlings were inhibited, leading to overall growth reduction. The positive correlations between chlorophyll a content and Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll content and ФPSII, and Pn as well as Pn and leaf area in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes were found. Saline acidic and saline alkaline soils may play a key role affecting vegetative growth prior to the reproductive stage in rice plants.

关键词： rice betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase glycinebetaine accumulation photosynthetic ability chlorophyll a fluorescence pigment saline acidic soil saline alkaline soil pH stress

Green Fertilization Enhances the Photosynthetic Performance and the Growth of Leguminous Trees for Restoration Plantation in Central Amazon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第16期5卷 2497-2508页

作者： Roberto Kirmayr Jaquetti Jose Francisco de Carvalho Goncalves Joao Baptista Silva Ferraz Marciel J.Ferreira Ulysses Moreira dos Santos Junior Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry National Institute of Amazonian ResearchManausBrazil National Institute of Amazonian Research ManausBrazil Forest Science Department Federal University of AmazonManausBrazil

The leguminous tree species Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. and Inga edulis Mart. were grown in the field to reforest a degraded area. To investigate the photosynthetic responses and the initial growth of Amazonian forest species under fertilization, the study species were subjected to different treatments: T1 = unfertilized-control, T2 = chemical fertilization, T3 = green fertilization and T4 = green and chemical fertilization. D. odorata showed the highest absolute growth rates in height under treatments T4 (10.2 cm·month-1) and T2 (12.2 cm·month-1). I. edulis exhibited the best performance for this same parameter in T4 (23.0 cm·month-1). The highest photosynthesis values (Pn) for both D. odorata (13.1 μmol·m-2·s-1) and I. edulis (20.6 μmol·m-2·s-1) were found in T4. The two species also showed the highest performance index values (PIABS) under T4 (D. odorata = 2.9 and I. edulis = 5.2). Our results suggest that the combination of green and chemical fertilization was the most effective of the four treatments evaluated for improving the photosynthetic performance and the growth of both species during the initial establishment of the species in a degraded area.

关键词： Photosynthesis chlorophyll a fluorescence Chloroplastid Pigment Contents Dipteryx odorata Inga edulis

Comparative Paraquat Sensitivity of Newly Germinated and Mature Fronds of the Aquatic Macrophyte <i>Spirodela polyrhiza</i>

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第7期11卷 1008-1024页

作者： Jihae Park Hojun Lee Taejun Han Lab of Plant Growth Analysis Ghent University Global Campus Incheon Republic of Korea Department of Marine Science Incheon National University Incheon Republic of Korea

Here, we compared the intrinsic characteristics of 3-day-(newly germinated;“young”) and 8-week-old (“mature”) fronds of the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrhiza and their sensitivity to paraquat, a toxic herbicide. Endpoints measured were frond area and fresh weight, root length, chlorophyll a and b contents, and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Significant differences were detected in the intrinsic physiological traits between young and mature fronds. Young fronds showed higher root length, chlorophyll contents, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), maximal relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) and saturating photon flux density (PFD), whereas mature fronds exhibited greater frond area and fresh weight. After a 72 h exposure to paraquat, root length and rETRmax were identified as the most sensitive endpoints of paraquat toxicity for both frond types, with EC50 values of 0.66 and 0.76 μg·

关键词： Spirodela polyrhiza Paraquat Herbicide chlorophyll Contents chlorophyll a fluorescence Root Length

Gas Exchanges and Antioxidant Activity in Copaifera langsdorffii *** after Flooding

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第5期9卷 979-994页

作者： Derek Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa Silvana de Paula Quintao Scalon Thais Cremon Daiane Mugnol Dresch Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Federal University of Grande DouradosState Mato Grosso do SulBrazil Cnpq Productivity Scholarship Faculty of Agricultural SciencesFederal University of Grande DouradosState Mato Grosso do SulBrazil

The Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. seedlings, popularly known as “copaiba” or diesel tree, present a natural occurrence in the riparian forests of the Brazilian Cerrado, however, not much is known about their capacity to recover from flooding, particularly when the focus is on their establishment and use in programs for the recovery of degraded areas near watercourses and subject to flooding. The objective of this study was to evaluate over time the recovery of the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and the antioxidant activity of C. langsdorffii seedlings flooded during different periods. The pots with the seedlings were placed in a plastic tank and submerged with water, and were removed from the flood condition every 21 days (0, 21, 42, 63 and 84 days), and evaluated every 30 days (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days). The seedlings tolerated the flooding for up to 42 days, recovering after suspension of this condition. Seedlings flooded for 63 and 84 days showed lower recovery capacity after flooding, independently of the evaluation period. Under these conditions, lower efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus, gas exchange, photo assimilate production and seedling quality were observed.

关键词： Water Stress Photosynthesis chlorophyll a fluorescence Antioxidant Enzymes