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Real-solution stability diagrams for copper-ammonia-chloride-water system

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Journal of Central South University 2011年第1期18卷 48-55页

作者：王玺陈启元尹周澜胡慧萍肖忠良 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Chemistry Department Changsha University of Science and Technology

A comprehensive thermodynamic model, which combined the Helgeson Kirkham-Flowers （HKF） equation of state for standard-state thermodynamic properties of all species with realistic activity coefficient model developed by BROMLEY, was used to calculate the thermodynamic equilibrium, and a graphical method was developed to construct predominance existence diagrams （PED） for copper-ammonia-chloride in the presence of realistically modeled aqueous solutions. The existence of the different predominant chemical species for Cu（lI） predicted by the diagrams was corroborated by spectrophotometrical studies and X-ray diffractometry. The simulated and experimental results indicate that the predominance of a given species in solution strongly depends on the pH value in this system. More quantitative information on real copper hydrometallurgy in the presence of ammonia and chloride can be obtained from these diagrams compared with the conventional predominance existence diagrams.

关键词： stability diagrams copper ammonia chloride thermodynamics real solution

Converting Thiophene in Simulated Coking Crude Benzene to N,N-Dimethyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide by Dimethylcarbamyl chloride Under Mild Conditions

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2019年第4期35卷 674-679页

作者： SHEN Xizhou SONG Hao FANG Liuya DENG Hang GAN Feng SHEN Zhi School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 P. R. China Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process Ministry of Education Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 P. R. China

Since the content of thiophene in coking crude benzene is high, it is necessary to remove it from coking crude benzene for efficient utilization. In this study, an important intermediate, N,N-dimethyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide, was synthesized from thiophene and dimethylcarbamyl chloride. The influences of the dosages of dimethylcarbamyl chloride and ZnCl2 catalyst, reaction temperature and time on the removal rate were further explored based on the reaction *** structure of the target product was characterized by means of MS,NMR and 13C *** removal rate of thiophene was 98.14% after the reaction for 2 h and thiophene was almost removed after the reaction for 3 h under the optimal reaction conditions [a molar ratio of n(thiophene):n(dimethylcarbamyl chioride):w(ZnCl2)=1:12:10,300 r/min, 318 K and 101.325 kPa].The acylation of thiophene with dimethylcarbamyl chloride was approximately in accord with the first order kinetic equation at *** activation energy was 53.9850 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential factor was 1.4521×10^9 h^-1.

关键词： Coking crude benzene F-C acylation Acyl chloride Thiophene Thiophene derivative

High－Performance　Liquid　Chromatographic　Determination　Of　N－Nitrosoamines　by　Pre－Column　Fluorescence　Derivatization　with　9－Phenanthrene　chloride

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1996年第12期7卷 1113-1116页

作者： JinMao YOU Bin ZRAO QingCun ZHU(Department of Chemistry, Qufu Normal University, Qufu. Shandong 273 165) QUFU NORMAL UNIV DEPT CHEMQUFU 273165SHANDONGPEOPLES R CHINA

A sensitive high-performance chromatographic method for the detection of N-nitrosoamines with pre-column fluorescence derivatization has been *** representative N-nitrosoamines, which were separated on a reversed-phase C18column with methanol - Water-triethylamine as eluent, were used as model compounds to optimize the derivathation and the chromatographic conditions. The relative standard deviations(n=7) at an analytical concentration of 4×10-6 mol/L are less than 5%. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio=3) for the N-nitrosoamines compounds are in the range of 0.02～0. 14 nmol per injection volume(10μl).

关键词： Pre Nitrosoamines Column Derivatization chloride

The Adsorbing Effect of Calcined Layered Double Hydroxide for chloride Ions in Simulated Concrete Pore Solutions

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2014年第2期29卷 278-283页

作者：唐聿明 ZHAO Xuhui NIU Le 左禹 School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials

The adsorbing effect of calcined layered double hydroxide （CLDH） for chloride ions in simulated concrete pore （SCP） solutions was investigated with the potentiodynamic polarization method, impedance measurement, ion selective electrode analysis and XRD. CLDH could effectively adsorb Cl^- and increase pH value in SCP solutions containing NaCl. The chloride to hydroxyl ions ratio （[C1^-]/[OH^-]） of the solution greatly decreased by CLDH treatment. In CLDH treated SCP solution with CI-, the pitting potential of carbon steel notably increased, and the surface impedance was much higher, indicating strengthened passivation. The process of CLDH adsorbing chloride ions from SCP solutions was accompanied with the reconstruction of the layered structure.

关键词： pore solution corrosion adsorption chloride calcined layered double hydroxide

Synthesis of brookite-typed titania from titanium chloride solution

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 190-192页

作者： Satoshi OKANO Saeki YAMAMURO Toshiro TANAKA Ehime University Matsuyama Ehime

The brookite-phase TiO{in2} was prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis of titanium chloride solution. The thermolysis time and the pH value of the solution were controlled during the synthesis. X-ray diffraction experiments showed that TiO{in2} powders partially containing the brookite-phase were successfully obtained. A great amount of OH{su\t-} in the reaction solution was found to be important to obtain the brookite phase because the intermediate complex leading to the brookite phase consumes more OH{su\t-} than other phases like the rutile.

关键词： brookite phase titanium chloride solution hydrothermal synthesis

Effect of Curing Age on chloride Diffusion Coefficient of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Subjected to Compressive Stresses

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2018年第2期35卷 326-333页

作者： Tang Jinzhi Wu Jin Wang Wenjian Wang Zhe Wu Guanzheng College of Aerospace Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

The effect of curing age on chloride diffusion coefficient of recycled aggregate concrete subjected to different compressive stresses was investigated.A compression loading setup was both designed and *** chloride diffusion coefficients of recycled aggregate concrete under compressive stresses were measured by the rapid chloride ion migration(RCM)*** experimental results show that the chloride diffusion coefficients of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)under different compressive stress ratios generally decrease with the increase of curing *** RAC subjected to the same compressive stress ratios,the chloride diffusion coefficients approximately have power functions with curing ages and the relationship models are ***,the influence of curing age on chloride diffusion coefficient firstly decreases and then increases as the compressive stress ratio increases.

关键词： recycled aggregate concrete(RAC) chloride diffusion coefficient curing age compressive stress ratio rapid chlorideion migration(RCM) method

Hydrate film growth at the interface between gaseous CO_2 and sodium chloride solution

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第5期52卷 676-682页

作者： PENG BaoZi, SUN ChangYu, CHEN GuangJin, YANG LanYing, ZHOU Wei & PANG WeiXin State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Greenhouse gas CO2 has become a serious problem for human beings. The hydrate technology has been considered as a possible approach to sequester CO2. In this work, the lateral growth rates of a CO2 hydrate film in aqueous NaCl solutions of different concentrations were measured by means of suspending a single gas bubble in liquid. The results show that the film growth rates depended on not only the driving force, but also the NaCl concentration, and the film growth rates decreased with the increasing NaCl concentration. The simple relationship vf ∝ΔT5/2 could be used to correlate the hydrate film growth rate of a CO2 + NaCl + water system by introducing a NaCl concentration-dependent coefficient. The film thickness was investigated experimentally and evaluated theoretically; the results show that it became thicker at a higher NaCl concentration when the temperature and pressure were specified. In addition, a series of interesting phenomena, such as the occurrence of double hydrate films, were displayed and discussed.

关键词： hydrate interfaces hydrate film growth carbon dioxide sodium chloride

Solvent Extraction of Niobium from Alkali Solution by Methyltrioctylammonium chloride

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Journal of Central South University 2000年第4期12卷 175-177页

作者： ZHOU Kang-gen TOKUDA Masanori Metallurgical Separation Science and Engineering Lab. Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Tohoku University Sendai 980-77Japan

For the purpose of developing an alkali leaching solvent extraction directly from alkali solution process, the extraction of niobium from alkali solution by long chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt (methyltrioctylammonium chloride R 4NCl) in toluene was investigated. The experiments were carried out under conditions of 25 ℃, Nb(Ⅴ) concentration 0.01 mol/L, pH 10.7 13.8, R 4NCl concentration 0.02 0.14 mol/L. It has been found that the distribution ratio of niobium increases with increasing R 4NCl concentration and with decreasing KCl concentration, but it shows maximum value at pH value of about 12 and decreases below or above this pH value. Distribution ratio of niobium goes up to over 1 000 in appropriate conditions, and so it has been proved that R 4NCl is an effective extractant for extraction of niobium from alkali solution.

关键词： niobium solvent extraction distribution ratio methyltrioctylammonium chloride

ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NICKEL FROM ALL chloride ELECTROLYTE

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 1992年第3期2卷 46-52页

作者： Gong Qian Liao Hong Yang Tao Hu Jiexue Fang Zhaoheng Institute of Chemical Metallurgy Academia SinicaBeijing 100080China

The optimum operating conditions for the electrodeposition of nickel from all-nickel chloride electrolytes were studied,based on measurements of conductivity,surface tension,viscosity of nickel chloride electrolytes at different temperatures and concentrations of nickel chloride as well as the experiments of electrodeposition arranged using experimental design in the normal *** studying cathode polarization and examination of physical features of cathodic nickel,the effects of trace Fe,Co,Pb..TBP and N-235 in all-nickel chloride electrolyte on cathode potentials,cell voltages,current efficiency and energy consumption as well as the morphology and the internal stress of cathodic nickel in electrodeposition of nickel were examined.

关键词： electrodeposition nickel chloride