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Creating animal models, why not use the chinese tree shrew ( Tupaia belangeri chinensis)？

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Zoological Research 2017年第3期38卷 118-126页

作者： Yong-Gang Yao Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650223 China Kunming Primate Research Center of the chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650223 China

The chinese tree shrew （Tupaia belangeri chinensis） a squirrel-like and rat-sized mammal, has a wide distribution in Southeast Asia, South and Southwest China and has many unique characteristics that make it suitable for use as an experimental animal. There have been many studies using the tree shrew （Tupaia belangeri） aimed at increasing our understanding of fundamental biological mechanisms and for the modeling of human diseases and therapeutic responses. The recent release of a publicly available annotated genome sequence of the chinese tree shrew and its genome database （***） has offered a solid base from which it is possible to elucidate the basic biological properties and create animal models using this species. The extensive characterization of key factors and signaling pathways in the immune and nervous systems has shown that tree shrews possess both conserved and unique features relative to primates. Hitherto, the tree shrew has been successfully used to create animal models for myopia, depression, breast cancer, alcohol-induced or non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, herpes simplex virus type 1 （HSV-1） and hepatitis C virus （HCV） infections, to name a few. The recent successful genetic manipulation of the tree shrew has opened a new avenue for the wider usage of this animal in biomedical research. In this opinion paper, I attempt to summarize the recent research advances that have used the chinese tree shrew, with a focus on the new knowledge obtained by using the biological properties identified using the tree shrew genome, a proposal for the genome-based approach for creating animal models, and the genetic manipulation of the tree shrew. With more studies using this species and the application of cutting-edge gene editing techniques, the tree shrew will continue to be under the spot light as a viable animal model for investigating the basis of many different human diseases.

关键词： chinese tree shrew Genome biology Animal model Gene editing Innate immunity

Evaluating the Phylogenetic Position of chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis) Based on Complete Mitochondrial Genome:Implication for Using tree shrew as an Alternative Experimental Animal to Primates in Biomedical Research

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第3期39卷 131-137页

作者： Ling Xu Shi-Yi Chen Wen-Hui Nie Xue-Long Jiang Yong-Gang Yao Key LaBoratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the chinese Academy of Sciences ＆ Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Graduate School of the chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding Sichuan Agricultural University Ya＇an Sichuan 625014 China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China

tree shrew （Tupaia belangeri） is currently placed in Order Scandentia and has a wide distribution in Southeast Asia and Southwest China. Due to its unique characteristics, such as small body size, high brain-to-body mass ratio, short reproductive cycle and life span, and low-cost of maintenance, tree shrew has been proposed to be an alternative experimental animal to primates in biomedical research. However, there are some debates regarding the exact phylogenetic affinity of tree shrew to primates. In this study, we determined the mtDNA entire genomes of three chinese tree shrews （T. belangeri chinensis） and one Malayan flying lemur （Galeopterus variegatus）. Combined with the published data for species in Euarchonta, we intended to diseen] the phylogenetic relationship among representative species of Dermoptera, Scandentia and Primates. The mtDNA genomes of chinese tree shrews and Malayan flying lemur shared similar gene organization and structure with those of other mammals. Phylogenetic analysis based on 12 concatenated mitochondrial proteinencoding genes revealed a closer relationship between species of Scandentia and Glires, whereas species of Dermoptera were clustered with Primates. This pattern was consistent with previously reported phylogeny based on mtDNA data, but differed from the one reconstructed on the basis of nuclear genes. Our result suggested that the matrilineal affinity of tree shrew to primates may not be as close as we had thought. The ongoing project for sequencing the entire genome of chinese tree shrew will provide more information to clarify this important issue.

关键词： chinese tree shrew mtDNA Phylogeny Animal modeh Flying lemur

Characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)

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Zoological Research 2013年第2期34卷 62-68,I0001,I0002,I0003页

作者： Xiao-Hong LIU Yong-Gang YAO Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the chinese Academy of Sciences&Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of ZoologyKunmingYunnan 650223China Kunming Primate Research Center Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China tree shrew Inbreeding Center Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)is a small experimental animal with a close affinity to *** species has long been proposed to be an alternative experimental animal to primates in biomedical *** decades of study,there is no pure breed for this animal,and the overall genetic diversity of wild tree shrews remains largely *** order to obtain a set of genetic markers for evaluating the genetic diversity of tree shrew wild populations and tracing the lineages in inbreeding populations,we developed 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers from the genomic DNA of the tree *** analysis of a wild population of 117 individuals collected from the suburb of Kunming,China,showed that these loci exhibited a highly expected heterozygosity(0.616).These 12 microsatellites were sufficient for individual identification and parentage *** microsatellite markers developed in this study will be of use in evaluating genetic diversity and lineage tracing for the tree shrew.

关键词： chinese tree shrew Microsatellite Heterozygosity Individual identification Parentage testing

Positively selected genes of the chinese tree shrew （Tupaia belangeri chinensis） locomotion system

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Zoological Research 2014年第3期35卷 240-248页

作者： Yu FAN Dan-Dan YU Yong-Gang YAO Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Kunming Primate Research Center Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China

While the recent release of the chinese tree shrew （Tupaia belangeri chinensis） genome has made the tree shrew an increasingly viable experimental animal model for biomedical research, further study of the genome may facilitate new insights into the applicability of this model. For example, though the tree shrew has a rapid rate of speed and strong jumping ability, there are limited studies on its locomotion ability. In this study we used the available chinese tree shrew genome information and compared the evolutionary pattern of 407 locomotion system related orthologs among five mammals （human, rhesus monkey, mouse, rat and dog） and the chinese tree shrew. Our analyses identified 29 genes with significantly high co （Ka/Ks ratio） values and 48 amino acid sites in 14 genes showed significant evidence of positive selection in the chinese tree shrew. Some of these positively selected genes, e.g. HOXA6 （homeobox A6） and AVP （arginine vasopressin）, play important roles in muscle contraction or skeletal morphogenesis. These results provide important clues in understanding the genetic bases of locomotor adaptation in the chinese tree shrew.

关键词： chinese tree shrew Locomotion system Positively selected genes

Tupaia MAVS is a dual target as HCV innate immune evasion strategies for viral replication and host cells survival

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Tupaia MAVS is a dual target as HCV innate immune evasion st...