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Contribution of the chinese meridian project to space environment research:Highlights and perspectives

Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第7期66卷 1423-1438页

作者： Chi WANG Jiyao XU Libo LIU Xianghui XUE Qinghe ZHANG Yongqiang HAO Gang CHEN Hui LI Guozhu LI Bingxian LUO Yajun ZHU Jiangyan WANG State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth and Space Sciences University Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Space Physics School of Electronic InformationWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Environmental Space Situation Awareness National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The chinese meridian project(CMP)is devoted to establishing a comprehensive ground-based monitoring network for China’s space weather research.CMP is a major national science and technology infrastructure project with the participation of more than 10 research institutions and universities led by the National Space Science Center of the chinese Academy of Sciences.CMP is planned to be constructed in two phases:CMP phasesⅠandⅡ.The first phase(CMP-Ⅰ)started construction in2008 and completed in 2012,after which it entered the operation stage.The 10-year observation of CMP-Ⅰhas made significant scientific discoveries and achievements in the research fields of the middle and upper atmospheric fluctuations,metal layers in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere,ionospheric disturbances and irregularities,geomagnetic disturbances,and influences of solar activity.The review summarizes the main observations and research achievements,space weather forecast modeling and methods based on CMP-Ⅰover the past 10 years,and presents a future extension perspective along with the construction of CMP-Ⅱ.

关键词： chinese meridian project Ground-based observation network Space weather Solar-terrestrial physics

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Recent Advances in Research of the chinese meridian project

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空间科学学报 2020年第5期40卷 679-690页

作者： WANG Chi CHEN Zhiqing XU Jiyao State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190

The chinese meridian project is a ground-based space environment monitoring facility in China.The first phase of the project has been put into formal operation since 2012 after 4-year’s construction.It consists of 15 observatories located roughly along 120°E longitude and 30°N latitude,with each observatory equipped with multiple instruments to monitor space environment.Based on the huge observational data accumulated,significant scientific achievements have been made with more than 300 peer-reviewed journal papers published.In this report,scientific results from the past two years have been reviewed with topics covering fields of geomagnetic,atmosphere,ionosphere,and their responses to solar activities.The excellent achievements from the Phase I of chinese meridian project lay a good foundation for Phase II,which has already been approved with the official kick-off of construction in November 2019.It will conceive an unprecedented contribution to global space weather community from China.

关键词： chinese meridian project Space weather Ionosphere Upper atmosphere

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Scientific challenges and instrumentation for the International meridian Circle Program

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第12期64卷 2090-2097页

作者： William LIU Michel BLANC Chi WANG Eric DONAVAN John FOSTER Mark LERTER Hermann OPGENOOTYH Liwen REN National Space Science Centre Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Toulouse Toulouse31400France University of Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada MIT Haystack Observatory CambridgeMA01886USA University of Leicester LeicesterLE17RHUK University of Umeå UmeåSE-90187Sweden

Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures,space systems and space flight:solar activity,earthquakes,atmospheric and climatic disturbances,changes in the geomagnetic field,fluctuations of the global electric circuit.Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21st century.Though diverse,these hazards share one feature in common:they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment:its ionosphere,middle and upper atmosphere(IMUA).The objective of the International meridian Circle Program(IMCP),a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences(CAS),is to deploy,integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints.In this article,we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E-60°W great meridian circle,which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations,possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E-150°W meridians to capture longitude variations.Then,starting from the chinese meridian project(CMP)network and using it as a template,we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E-60°W great circle running across China,Australia and the Americas.

关键词： International meridian Circle Program Ionosphere Middle-upper atmosphere Space weather chinese meridian project

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A brief of recent research progress on ionospheric disturbances

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第12期56卷 195-203页

作者： XIAO Zuo YU ShiMei SHI Hao HAO Yong QiangInstitute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University

Ionospheric disturbances are the main causes of space weather events,which seriously influence accurate navigation,telecommunication,and so on.It is a fundamental issue to detect and analyze the disturbance processes of the ionosphere.Theoretically,the understanding of the mechanisms of most ionospheric disturbances depends on observational results.With the development of space observation techniques and related equipments,various eforts have been made to analyze the long-term statistical variations as well as sudden disturbances of ionospheric observation results.We briefly report some research progresses of ionospheric disturbances achieved in recent years,with regard to ground-based and satellites observations.The purpose is to provide a reference about the latest research progresses and improve the development of the future ionospheric disturbances observations and related researches.

关键词： ionospheric disturbance ground-based observation satellites observation chinese meridian project GPS

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Modeling of CHAMP satellite data according to the 3D surface spline model of geomagnetic fi elds

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Applied Geophysics 2020年第4期17卷 616-623页

作者： Yan Feng Huang Ya Liu Shuang Li Yu-jun Jiang Yi The College of Mathematics and Statistics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences(Macao University of Science and Technology) Macao 999078China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Surface observations and CHAMP measurement data are employed to develop a three-dimensional surface spline(3DSS)model of China's Mainland.The magnetic field distribution at the satellite level is then demonstrated using the model obtained.The results of this model are compared and verifi ed by deriving the corresponding two(2DTY)and threedimensional(3DTY)Taylor polynomial models.Issues such as the removal of disruptive geomagnetic fi elds,the data gap between the surface and satellite levels,and boundary eff ects are carefully considered during modeling.We then focus on evaluating the modeling eff ect of the satellite data.Ten satellite points not involved in the modeling procedure are selected,and the residuals,absolute change rates,and RMSEs of these points are calculated.Results show that the distribution of the magnetic fi eld determined by the 3DSS model is highly consistent with that obtained from the IGRF12 model.Expect for component Y,the absolute change rates of other components are less than 0.5%.Specifi cally,the RMSE of Y of 3DSS is nearly 60%lower than those of 3DTY and 2DTY;the RMSE of other components of the former are also over 90%lower than those of the latter.This fi nding implies that the 3DSS model has good performance for modeling satellite data and its results are reliable.Moreover,the modeling eff ect of 3DTY is better than that of 2DTY.

关键词： geomagnetic field three-dimensional model surface Spline chinese meridian project CHAMP satellite

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International meridian Circle Program

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空间科学学报 2020年第5期40卷 723-725页

作者： LIU William WANG Chi SHEN Xuhui WU Jian BLANC Michel YAN Yihua FU Suiyan YUE Xinan LEI Jiuhou GONG Wei ZHANG Shaodong ZHANG Qinghe WANG Xin YANG Jing ZHANG Xiaoxin GAO Jing XU Jiyao YANG Guotao LI Hui REN Liwen YANG Fang National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085 China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.22 Research Institute Xinxiang 259008 National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083 School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 School of Electronic Information Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079 School of Space Science and Physics Shandong UniversityWeihai 264209 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101

The Earth is buffered from the ferocious onslaught of the solar wind by a thin layer of matter known as the atmosphere and geospace.This layer absorbs energy from irradiance and outburst from the Sun,as well as from disasters,transient phenomena and anthropogenic emissions originated from Earth.Through complicated physics,the absorbed energy changes the atmospheric and geospace state and sometimes gets re-released to power extreme events such as space weather.Taking place globally,these complicated processes cannot be understood unless they are studied globally.The chinese scientists have proposed the International meridian Circle Program(IMCP)to meet this demand.By operating nearly 1000 instruments encompassing all latitudes along with the 120°E–60°W longitudes,IMCP aims,for the first time,to construct comprehensive 3D data representation of the atmosphere and geospace on a global scale and empower interdisciplinary research to tackle key questions related to Earth’s environment and climate change.

关键词： International meridian Circle Program chinese meridian project Ground-based observation Space weather Solar-terrestrial physics

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