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chimeric antigen receptor-immune cells against solid tumors: Structures, mechanisms, recent advances, and future developments

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第11期137卷 2023 Aug 28页

作者： Li Xudong Li Wei Xu Linping Song Yongping Department of Hematology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University &amp Henan Cancer Hospital Zhengzhou Henan China Academy of Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China

the advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-t cell immunotherapies has led to breakthroughs in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, their success in treating solid tumors has been limited. CAR-natural killer (NK) cells have several advantages over CAR-t cells because NK cells can be made from pre-existing cell lines or allogeneic NK cells with a mismatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which means they are more likely to become an "off-the-shelf" product. Moreover, they can kill cancer cells via CAR-dependent/independent pathways and have limited toxicity. Macrophages are the most malleable immune cells in the body. these cells can efficiently infiltrate into tumors and are present in large numbers in tumor microenvironments (tMEs). Importantly, CAR-macrophages (CAR-Ms) have recently yielded exciting preclinical results in several solid tumors. Nevertheless, CAR-t, CAR-NK, and CAR-M all have their own advantages and limitations. In this review, we systematically discuss the current status, progress, and the major hurdles of CAR-t cells, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-M as they relate to five aspects: CAR structure, therapeutic mechanisms, the latest research progress, current challenges and solutions, and comparison according to the existing research in order to provide a reasonable option for treating solid tumors in the future.

关键词： Immunotherapy chimeric antigen receptor-t cells chimeric antigen receptor-NK cells chimeric antigen receptor-macrophage Solid tumors

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Role of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the era of immunotherapy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第8期135卷 890-900页

作者： Wei Sun Xiaojun Huang Peking University People's Hospital Peking University Institute of HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Hematologic DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationBeijing 100044China.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCt) is currently the standard of care for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. In recent years, with the continuous development of immunotherapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor t cells, blinatumomab, and inotuzumab ozogamicin, a series of vital clinical studies have confirmed its high response rate and favorable outcomes for ALL. Although the emergence of immunotherapy has expanded relapsed or refractory (r/r) ALL patients’’ opportunities to receive allo-HSCt, allo-HSCt is associated with potential challenges. In this review, the role of allo-HSCt in the treatment of adult ALL in the era of immunotherapy will be discussed.

关键词： Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Immunotherapy chimeric antigen receptor-t cells

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