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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Infertile Women on child Adoption in Douala (Cameroon)

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第16期4卷 1065-1071页

作者： Charlotte Tchente Nguefack Clovis Ourtching Halle Ekane Gregory Eugène Belley Priso Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutics Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science University of Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices on child adoption among infertile women in Douala (Cameroon). Methods: It was a prospective descriptive study of six months duration at the General Hospital and the Dawn Medical Foundation Clinic. Patients of the gynecologic unit presenting with infertility were included. A questioner was administer to each patient with the following variables: Age, marital status, profession, level of education, past gynecologic history, number of children, type and the duration of infertility. Their knowledge, attitude and practice toward child adoption were investigated. Data collected was analyzed using the statistical software EPI-INFO 6.04 and R. p value s considered to be statistically significant. Results: Among the 300 women included, 269 (89.7%) had already heard about adoption, 62.1% through the media. seventeen percent knew who to meet in order to adopt a child in Cameroon. Two hundred and thirty patients (76.7%) were in favor of adoption but 48.7% of them didn’t want to adopt a child. One percent of patient had adopted a child. The attitude towards adoption was significantly influenced by the duration of infertility of more than 10 years (p = 0.0014). Among women who have at least one child 9.4% wanted adoption against 21.4% who did not want adoption (p = 0.0305). Among women aged between 25 and 30 years, 28.2% wanted to adopt a child against 79.1% who did not want it (p = 0.000). Eighty five percent of women who had secondary infertility did not want to adopt against 44.7% who wanted it (p = 0.0003). Conclusion: The level of knowledge is high in educated patient. However, many women don’t know the right procedure and the structures in charge of adoption. Their attitude is favorable but the practice of adoption remains low.

关键词： Knowledge Attitudes Practices child’s Adoption Douala

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Mass Limit of Neutron star

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第2期4卷 414-418页

作者： Jehangir Ahmad Dar Inventor at Department of UsIC/EDC University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar India

The mass limit of neutron star has still remained a mystery. The existing Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equation for calculating the limit always gives different values, by introducing different assumptions and having been predicted like 0.7 Mo, 3.2 Mo, 3.6 Mo, where Mo = 1.98 × 1030 Kg. There is a need of some better technique to adopt other than TOV relation to seek out the value. In this paper, a new relation between the mass of the collapsing star and its average density ρ′ has been derived and used to calculate the limit of neutron star. The conditions in radii between schwarz child’s radius and the actual radius of the collapsing star have been introduced to calculate the mass of star above which it will transform into a black hole and below it to a neutron star. A new constant, JN = 8.53707554 × 1039 N-3/2s-3Kg3 has been proposed with which if we introduce the average density of the collapsing neutron star, its mass limit can be calculated very easily. By putting the most possible mass density, which is the minimum required density for a collapsing star to transform into the black hole, it has been found that the mass limit of neutron star is quite higher than it has been assumed. The definition for black hole has also been re-defined on the basis of said radii conditions.

关键词： Black Hole Neutron star schwarz child’s Radius Relation Degeneracy Pressure Event Horizon FCC and HCP Lattices and TOV Equation

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