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earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2007年第1期6卷 77-84页

作者：李爽谢礼立 School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology

The characteristics of the inelastic response of structures affected by hanging wall and forward directivity in the 1999 chi-chi earthquake are investigated. Inelastic displacement ratios （IDRs） for ground motions impacted by these nearfield effects are evaluated and comprehensively compared to far-field ground motions. In addition, the inelastic displacement responses to hanging wall and footwall ground motions are compared. It is concluded that the inelastic displacement response is significantly affected in the short period range by hanging wall and in the long period range by footwall. Although high peak ground acceleration was observed at hanging wall stations, the IDRs for structures on hanging wall sites are only larger than footwall sites in the very long period range. Forward directivity effects result in larger IDRs for periods longer than about 0.5s. Adopting statistical relationships for IDRs established using far-field ground motions may lead to either overestimation or underestimation in the seismic evaluation of existing structures located in near-field regions, depending on their fundamental vibration periods.

关键词： near-field far-field hanging wall footwall forward directivity inelastic displacement performance evaluation chi-chi earthquake

Detecting changes in long-period site responses after the M_w 7.6 chi-chi earthquake, Taiwan, using strong motion records

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earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2015年第2期14卷 217-228页

作者： Teng-To Yu chi-Shin Wu Youg-Sin Cheng Department of Resources Engineering Cheng Kung University (NCKU)

Temporal changes in site effects are obtained using the HVSR(horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio) method and strong motion records after the M w 7.6 chi-chi earthquake, Taiwan. Seismic data recorded between 1995 and 2010 are used, comprising 3,708 data from 15 stations adjacent to the Chelungpu fault. Temporal fl uctuations are determined by analyzing the site effect variation using a time–frequency variation(TFV) diagram based on these seismic data. Stations adjacent to the fault show signifi cant disturbances in the resonance frequency at 16–26 Hz. Station TCU129 shows a 40% drop in fundamental frequency after the main shock, and a gradual return to the original state over nine years. For stations located farther from the fault zone, sudden changes in tectonic stress play a dominant role in temporal changes to the HVSR. An impact analysis of the directional factor confi rms our fi nding that the proximity of the fault to seismic stations has the most infl uence on data.

关键词： chi-chi earthquake horizontal-to-vertical spectral

Characteristics of response spectra for long-periods of main-shock recordings of the chi-chi earthquake

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earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2007年第2期6卷 111-121页

作者：陈勇俞言祥 Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration

Current practice uses predictive models to extrapolate long-period response spectra based on far-field recordings in moderate and weak earthquakes. However, the spectra are not long enough and the data are often not reliable, which means that the seismic design code cannot accurately define seismic design requirements for long-period structures. The near-field recordings in the main-shock of the chi-chi earthquake have a large signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）, which makes them suitable for studying the long-period acceleration response spectrum up to 20 sec. The acceleration response spectra from 246 stations within 120 km of the causative fault are statistically analyzed in this paper. The influence of distance and site conditions on long-period response spectrum is discussed, and the shapes of the amplification spectra are compared with the standard spectra specified in the seismic design code of china. Finally, suggestions for future revisions to the code are proposed.

关键词： long-period main-shock recordings chi-chi earthquake signal-to-noise ratio acceleration response spectrum amplification spectrum

Effect of near-fault earthquake on bridges:lessons learned from chi-chi earthquake

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earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2002年第1期1卷 86-93页

作者： chin-Hsiung Loh Wen-I Liao Juin-Fu Chai Department of Civil Engineering Taiwan Universityand Center for Research on Earthquake EngineeringChinese Taipei Professor Center for Research on earthquake Engineering Chinese Taipei Associate Research Fellow

The objective of this paper is to describe the lessons learned and actions that have been taken related to the seismic design of bridge structures after the chi-chi,Taiwan *** variable near-fault ground motion data was collected from the rupture of Chelungpu fault during the chi-chi earthquake,allowing the seismic response of bridge structures subjected to these near-fault ground motions to be carefully *** study the near-fault ground motion effect on bridge seismic design codes,a two-level seismic design of bridge structures was developed and *** design code reflects the near-fault factors in the seismic design ***,a risk assessment methodology,based on bridge vulnerability,is also developed to assist in decisions for reducing seismic risk due to failure of bridges.

关键词： chi-chi earthquake near-fault bridge seismic design risk assessment

Characteristics of frequency content of near-fault ground motions during the chi-chi earthquake

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第6期18卷 707-716,750页

作者：徐龙军谢礼立 School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 ChinaInstitute of Engineering Mechanics China Earthquake Administration Harbin 150080 China

The frequency content of earthquake ground motion is very important because it affects the dynamic response of structural systems. In the paper, we use five scalar parameters (the response spectral predominant period Tp, smoothed spectral predominant period To, Fourier amplitude spectral mean period Tm, equivalent pulse period Tv, and the pseudo-velocity spectral predominant period Tpv) reflecting the characteristics of frequency content of strong ground motion to examine the near-fault three-component motions during the 1999 chi-chi earthquake. The result indicates that the frequency content of near-fault motions at the Hanging wall is less than that at the foot wall; Tp shows a smaller value than that of To and Tm and it emerges a reverse relation of three-component motions as compared with that of To and Tm; Tv and Tpv of the near-fault motions at the north end of the rupture display a similar trend to that generated by the rupture directivity effect of strike-slip faulting. We therefore conclude that these observations are useful in the formulation of near-fault design spectra for seismic codes and in zoning studies in seismic risk.

关键词： frequency content directivity effect hanging-wall effect chi-chi earthquake

Bi-normalized response spectral characteristics of the 1999 chi-chi earthquake

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earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2004年第2期3卷 147-155页

作者：徐龙军谢礼立 School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Ph.D Candidate School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Institute of Engineering MechanicsChina Seismological BureauHarbin 150080China Professor

To develop uniform and seismic environment-dependent design spectrum,common acceleration response spectral characteristics need to be *** this paper,a bi-normalized response spectrum (BNRS) is proposed,which is defined as a spectrum of peak response acceleration normalized with respect to peak acceleration of the excitation plotted *** natural period of the system normalized with respect to the spectrum predominant period,*** on a statistical analysis of records from the 1999 chi-chi earthquake,the conventionally normalized response spectrum(NRS) and the BNRS are examined to account for the effects of soil conditions,epicentral distance,hanging wall and *** is found that compared to the NRS the BNRS is much less dependent on these ***,some simple relationships between the BNRS for a specified damping ratio and that for a damping ratio of 5%,and between the spectra predominant period and epicentral distance for different soil types are provided.

关键词： earthquake design spectra normalized response spectrum bi-normalized response spectrum spectral predominant period chi-chi earthquake

Dynamic responses under the excitation of pulse sequences

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earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2004年第2期3卷 157-169页

作者：戴君武 Mai Tong George C.Lee 齐霄斋白文婷 Institute of Engineering Mechanics China Earthquake Administration.Harbin 150080China Professor Multidisciplinary Center for earthquake Engineering Research University at BuffaloBuffaloNY14261USA Senior Research Scientist Multidisciplinary Center for earthquake Engineering Research University at BuffaloBuffaloNY14261USA Professor Institute of Engineering Mechanics China Earthquake Administration.Harbin 150080China Master student

This paper studies the dynamic responses of SDOF system under pulse-dominant *** purpose of the study is to prepare for scrutiny of some near-field pulse-dominantground motions and their potential to cause structural *** the single pulse dynamics,we consider the effect of pulse *** kind of excitation was particularly obvious in some of previous earthquakes such as Northridge (1994) and chi-chi (1995).Based on the duration, peak and rise and decay era of the main pulse as well as its relationship with the predecessor and successor pulses,we propose a classification for the pulse *** studies have been canied out for acceleration,velocity and displacement response spectra of the main pulse with either a predecessor or a successor *** analysis also includes general response behaviors in different fundamental period segments and special aspects of response at certain points (e.g.,the corresponding peak points).

关键词： pulse sequences near-field ground motions triangle pulse representation chi-chi earthquake response spectra

Parametric study on performance of bridge retrofitted by unseating prevention devices

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earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2006年第1期5卷 111-118页

作者：刘光晏张国镇 Department of Civil Engineering Taiwan University

Over the past decade, seismically induced damage to bridges has been widely reported following major earthquakes such as the 1994 Northridge, 1995 Kobe and 1999 chi-chi events. Since these earthquakes, restrainers and stoppers have been installed on bridges to prevent unseating and excessive displacements, respectively. Alternatively, column jacketing has also been proven to be effective. However, the enhanced shear strength may result in extra retrofitting works on the footing. For bridges damaged in the chi-chi earthquake, investigations revealed that most bridge columns experienced none-to-minor damage in the longitudinal direction. The reason for this unexpected performance was the construction practice of using a rubber bearing, which is an unbolted design that may slide under large lateral forces. In this paper, parametric studies on simply-supported bridges retrofitted by a restrainer or concrete shear key along the longitudinal and transverse axes were carried out. The research focuses on finding suitable combinations of the design force and gap spacing so the restrainer and concrete shear key can be used as an unseating prevention device, with respect to the allowable column damage in terms of displacement ductility under near-fault type earthquakes. A two-lane PCI-girder bridge was selected as the benchmark model. In the longitudinal direction, a total of nine combinations considering yielding strength and gap spacing for the restrainer were analyzed; while parameters for the concrete shear key were divided into three shear force levels and three gap spacings. In the transverse direction, a similar approach was adapted, except smaller gap spacing was used. For each of the above mentioned earthquakes, seven input ground motions were selected and their PGAs were adjusted to 0.36g and 0.45g as the Design earthquake and Maximum Considerable earthquake, respectively. Based on the results of nonlinear time history analyses, proper parameters to design the restra

关键词： unseating prevention device column jacketing restrainer shear key chi-chi earthquake nonlinear time history analyses displacement ductility performance based bridge design

Modifying the intensity distribution by assessing the reliability

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earthquake Science 2013年第6期26卷 407-413页

作者： Lan-chi Kang Xing Jin Yong-xiang Wei earthquake Administration of Fujian Province

This article presents an application of a procedure to modify the intensity distribution by assessing the reliability. There are two potential possibilities that may influence the intensity distribution：（1） For the interpolation error, we generate a measured grid across the calculation region. When the point to station spacing is 〈5 km, we consider the results precise; however, some points have less precision because these are farther from the corresponding stations. When the spacing is between 5 and 50 km, we consider the results imprecise and define a reliability factor that correlates with the distance. （2） Some records may have errors that result from local site conditions, equipment problems, or some disturbance such as lightning stroke, which will lead to some grid points having an incorrect intensity. We regress the attenuation relation for sites with abnormal intensities and consider the results to be accurate when the standard deviation （STD） is 〈σ and inaccurate when the STD is 〉 2σ. We then define a reliability factor to correlate with STD between σ and 2σ, such that the intensity distribution is in accord with both wave propagation theory and the investigation intensity.

关键词： Reliability Intensity distribution Interpolation error Station error Wenchuan earthquake chi-chi earthquake

The success of the prediction of Haicheng earthquake and the negligence of the Tangshan earthquake

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Engineering Sciences 2008年第2期6卷 9-18页

作者： Peng Funan Second Institute of Oceanography SOA. Hangzhou 310012 China

The success of the prediction of Haicheng earthquake and the failure of the prediction of Tangshan earthquake were both well known in the world. What happened, why such a strong earthquake as occurred in Haicheng had been predicted successfully and with a small loss of lives and property? Why a successively strong earthquake about a year later in a region not so further was failure in the imminent stage of prediction and there were so many fatalities and a great degree of property? The author addresses these points based on these true experiences including the first hand experiences leading up to, during, and following these two earthquarter. In addition, he also introduced some seimic phenomena which he had seen after chi-chi earthquake in Taiwan.

关键词： Haicheng earthquake Tangshan earthquake success of the prediction of Haicheng earthguake and negligence of imminent stage of Tangshan earthquake chi-chi earthquake