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Dispersal Ability and Genetic Structure in Mytilid Mussels of Whale-Fall Communities

Open Journal of Marine Science 2015年第3期5卷 295-305页

作者： Youki Fukasawa Haruna Kobayashi-Iwatani Masaru Kawato Hideki Kobayashi Yoshihiro Fujiwara Jun-Ichi Miyazaki Graduate School of Medical and Engineering Science Department of Education University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Faculty of Education and Human Sciences University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Department of Marine Biodiversity Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan Department of Environmental Geochemical Cycle Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan

Since organic falls are ephemeral and distributed sporadically, organisms in organic-fall communities must acquire high dispersal ability to migrate from one organic fall to another. However, the dispersal ability of obligate organic-fall organisms has not been investigated thoroughly and the stability of the genetic structure of their communities is unknown. In this study, in order to elucidate the dispersal ability and genetic structure in the organic-fall communities, we carried out population genetic analyses based on sequences of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 in two mytilid mussels.?Adipicola pacifica was obtained from whale and cow bones artificially settled in Japanese waters off Cape Noma (CN) and in the Nansei-Shoto Trench (NS) and Sagami Bay (SB), and Benthomodiolus geikotsucola from natural whale bones in the Torishima Seamount (TS);both species are symbiotic with chemoautotrophic bacteria. Genetic differentiation (Fst) indicated almost no annual change in genetic structure between 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2007 collections of A. pacificafrom CN (depth 225 - 229 m), although the 2010 collection had somewhat different genetic structure from the others. Similarly, there was not significant genetic differentiation between 1993 and 2005 collections of *** from TS (depth 4020 m). The Fst and gene bidirectional mean rate of gene flow (Nm) indicated high gene flow and no significant genetic differentiation between A. pacifica specimens collected from CN, NS, and SB. The results suggest that the genetic structure is stable and A. pacifica has high dispersal ability. The mismatch distribution suggests that A. pacificaexpanded their distribution from SB to NS via CN, as expansion time (τ = 2ut) decreased from SB to CN and NS.

关键词： chemosynthesis-based Community Mitochondrial DNA Organic Falls Stepping Stone Hypothesis

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Dispersal Ability and Environmental Adaptability of Deep-Sea Mussels <i>Bathymodiolus</i>(Mytilidae: Bathymodiolinae)

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2013年第1期3卷 31-39页

作者： Jun-Ichi Miyazaki Saori Beppu Satoshi Kajio Aya Dobashi Masaru Kawato Yoshihiro Fujiwara Hisako Hirayama Faculty of Education and Human Sciences University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan Institute of Biogeosciences Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka Japan

Dispersal ability and environmental adaptability are profoundly associated with colonization and habitat segregation of deep-sea animals in chemosynthesis-based communities, because deep-sea seeps and vents are patchily distributed and ephemeral. Since these environments are seemingly highly different, it is likely that vent and seep populations must be genetically differentiated by adapting to their respective environments. In order to elucidate dispersal ability and environmental adaptability of deep-sea mussels, we determined mitochondrial ND4 sequences of Bathymodiolus platifrons and B. japonicus obtained from seeps in the SagamiBayand vents in the Okinawa Trough. Among more than 20 species of deep-sea mussels, only three species in the Japanese waters including the above species can inhabit both vents and seeps. We examined phylogenetic relationships, genetic divergences (Fst), gene flow (Nm), and genetic population structures to compare the seep and vent populations. Our results showed no genetic differentiation and extensive gene flow between the seep and vent populations, indicating high dispersal ability of the two species, which favors colonization in patchy and ephemeral habitats. Our results also indicate that the environmental type (vent or seep) is not the primary factor responsible for habitat segregation in the two species.

关键词： chemosynthesis-based Community Vent Seep Mitochondrial DNA Stepping Stone

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