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Emerging chemical engineering of exosomes as“bioscaffolds”in diagnostics and therapeutics

Genes & Diseases 2023年第4期10卷 1494-1512页

作者： Jianwei Wang Meijiao Wang Ning Jiang Shijia Ding Qiling Peng Lei Zheng School of Basic Medical Science Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Pathology Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China College of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Laboratory Medicine Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University/The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China

All cells release extracellular vesicles(EVs)as part of their normal physiology.As one of the subtypes,exosomes(EXOs)have an average size range of approximately 40 nm e160 nm in diameter.Benefiting from their inherent immunogenicity and biocompatibility,the utility of autologous EXOs has the potential for both disease diagnosis/treatment.EXOs are generally employed as“bioscaffolds”and the whole diagnostic and therapeutic effects are mainly ascribed to exogenous cargos on the EXOs,such as proteins,nucleic acids,and chemotherapeutic agents and fluorophores delivered into specific cells or tissues.Surface en-gineering of EXOs for cargo loadings is one of the prerequisites for EXO-mediated diagnosis/treatment.After revisiting EXO-mediated diagnosis/treatment,the most popular strategies to directly undertake loadings of exogenous cargos on EXOs include genetic and chemical en-gineering.Generally,genetically-engineered EXOs can be merely produced by living organisms and intrinsically face some drawbacks.However,chemical methodologies for engineered EXOs diversify cargos and extend the functions of EXOs in the diagnosis/treatment.In this review,we would like to elucidate different chemical advances on the molecular level of EXOs along with the critical design required for diagnosis/treatment.Besides,the prospects of chemical engineering on the EXOs were critically addressed.Nevertheless,the superiority of EXO-medi-ated diagnosis/treatment via chemical engineering remains a challenge in clinical translation and trials.Furthermore,more chemical crosslinking on the EXOs is expected to be explored.Despite substantial claims in the literature,there is currently no review to exclusively summa-rize the chemical engineering to EXOs for diagnosis/treatment.We envision chemical engi-neering of EXOs will encourage more scientists to explore more novel technologies for a wider range of biomedical applications and accelerate the successful translation of EXO-based drug“bioscaffolds”from bench to bedside.

关键词： chemical engineering Diagnostics Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Theranostics Therapeutics

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中国腐蚀与防护学报

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中国腐蚀与防护学报

作者：左良宫声凯

出版周期：双月刊

出版社：中国腐蚀与防护学会;中国科学院金属研究所

本刊是我国材料学科、腐蚀与防护学科最具权威性和影响力的核心期刊，是中文核心期刊，自然科学核心期刊，中国科技论文统计用刊，中国科学引文数据库来源期刊，被中国期刊网、中国学术期刊（光盘版）全文收录。同时还《EI》、《CA》、...

本刊是我国材料学科、腐蚀与防护学科最具权威性和影响力的核心期刊，是中文核心期刊，自然科学核心期刊，中国科技论文统计用刊，中国科学引文数据库来源期刊，被中国期刊网、中国学术期刊（光盘版）全文收录。同时还《EI》、《CA》、《MA》、《SA》等国际重要检索刊物收录。

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塑料工业

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塑料工业

作者：李建军

出版周期：月刊

出版社：中蓝晨光化工研究设计院有限公司

《塑料工业》杂志是经国家科委、国家新闻出版署批准，面向国内外公开发行的塑料行业专业期刊。于1970年创刊，是国内发行最早的中央级塑料专业杂志。主要涉及塑料原料、塑料改性及助剂、成型加工、模具与设备、仪器检测、合成工艺等新...

《塑料工业》杂志是经国家科委、国家新闻出版署批准，面向国内外公开发行的塑料行业专业期刊。于1970年创刊，是国内发行最早的中央级塑料专业杂志。主要涉及塑料原料、塑料改性及助剂、成型加工、模具与设备、仪器检测、合成工艺等新技术与新产品，介绍国内外塑料工业的最新发展动态及相关信息。《塑料工业》杂志读者以厂商为主，包括总经理、技术经理、采购经理等核心人员，针对行强。发行范围以国内为主，辐射香港、台湾及东南亚等地。杂志每年参加大型塑胶行业展会十多次，在业界享有高知名度。《塑料工业》杂志致力为客户提供产品宣传、品牌推广、技术服务、信息咨询、发布客户信息等。

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EXTENDING THE KNOWLEDGE BASE OF chemical engineering

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China Particuology 2005年第3期3卷 151-164页

作者： Mooson Kwauk Institute of Process engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080P.R.China

The obvious current reversion to micro-scale investigations in basic chemicalengineering, combined with the need, of a quite different nature, in the rapid growth of highadded-value and small-lot functional materials, have been pointing to an area not yet sufficientlycovered by the unit operations, transport phenomena and chemical reaction engineering. Although itis difficult to define accurately this area, a cursory scan of the activities already in progresshas revealed a few common attributes: multi-phased (structured), multi-scaled, multi-disciplined,nonlinear, needs for resolution to reductionism-solvable subsystems, and pervasive in the processindustry. From these activities, the present paper drafts a tentative scheme for studying therelated problems: first to dissect a problem into various scales — spatial, temporal or otherwiseas best suits the case in hand — in order to identify pertinent parameters which are then organizedinto model formulations. Together with inter-scale model formulations, a zoom-in/zoom-out processis carried out between the scales, by trial-and-error and through reasoning, to arrive at a globalformulation of a quantitative solution, in order to derive, eventually, the general from theparticular.

关键词： chemical engineering basic knowledge frontier prospect future opportunity challenge

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Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation to Multi-phase Flow Study in chemical engineering

Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation to Multi-phase Flow S...

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Third Joint China/USA chemical engineering Conference

作者： Y. -D. Yin Y. -D. Wang and W. -Y. Fei (Department of chemical engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China)

＜正＞CFD, as a new tool to solve the problem of flow, has been used in many divisions of chemical engineering. These divisions include mixing, chemical reaction engineering , multiphase flow, distillation, absorption... 详细信息

关键词： CFD review chemical engineering flow field simulation

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Active Machine Learning for chemical Engineers:A Bright Future Lies Ahead!

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engineering 2023年第8期27卷 23-30页

作者： Yannick Ureel Maarten R.Dobbelaere Yi Ouyang Kevin De Ras Maarten K.Sabbe Guy B.Marin Kevin M.Van Geem Laboratory for chemical Technology Department of MaterialsTextiles and Chemical EngineeringGhent UniversityGhent 9052Belgium

By combining machine learning with the design of experiments,thereby achieving so-called active machine learning,more efficient and cheaper research can be conducted.Machine learning algorithms are more flexible and are better than traditional design of experiment algorithms at investigating processes spanning all length scales of chemical engineering.While active machine learning algorithms are maturing,their applications are falling behind.In this article,three types of challenges presented by active machine learning—namely,convincing the experimental researcher,the flexibility of data creation,and the robustness of active machine learning algorithms—are identified,and ways to overcome them are discussed.A bright future lies ahead for active machine learning in chemical engineering,thanks to increasing automation and more efficient algorithms that can drive novel discoveries.

关键词： Active machine learning Active learning Bayesian optimization chemical engineering Design of experiments

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Status and Perspectives of Process Systems engineering

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Journal of Systems engineering and Electronics 1992年第1期3卷 1-8页

作者： Siwei, Cheng Central Research Institute of Sci. and Tech. Beijing China

The definitions, methodology, applications, and perspectives of process system engineering are discussed from a strategic point of view. The focal points in future development of process systems engineering are to break through in methodology, to expand application fields, and to develop a new generation of process simulation systems.

关键词： chemical engineering Process control Systems engineering

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Best practices for measurement and impact on performance evaluation for novel carbon-utilization process technologies

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Clean Energy 2021年第4期5卷 611-622页

作者： Tim Hansen Kevin McCabe Bill Chatterton Michael Leitch Patrick Woolcock 350Solutions Inc.1053 E.Whitaker Mill Rd.Suite 115RaleighNC 27604USA XPRIZE Foundation 800 Corporate PointeSuite 350Culver CityCA 90230USA University of Wisconsin-River Falls Agricultural Engineering Department164 Agricultural Science Building410 S.Third StreetRiver FallsWI 54022USA

The NRG COSIA Carbon XPRIZE-a$20 million prize competition focused on the development and scaling of innovative carbon-capture and-utilization technologies-placed credible data at the forefront of its scoring and ranking approach for the selection of prize-winners.To guarantee the quality of the submitted data,independent third-party verifiers reviewed each candidate technology and data set.While the Carbon XPRIZE contenders demonstrated a variety of CO_(2)-utilization technologies at various levels of technical maturity and scale,it was found that early evaluation of the impact of measurements on process performance parameters via sensitivity analysis should influence the selection of instruments that have appropriate accuracy.In addition to appropriate accuracy,this assessment can lead to reduced costs associated with instrumentation rather than simply buying the‘best’instrument while simultaneously ensuring that uncertainties are kept as low as possible.With proper pre-planning,good engineering practice and good measurement practice,it is possible to optimize uncertainty against the costs and usability of instrumentation and data systems.

关键词： carbon capture CCUS chemical engineering

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Integrating the ISO 14034 standard as a platform for carbon capture and utilization technology performance evaluation

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Clean Energy 2021年第4期5卷 600-610页

作者： Tim Hansen Kevin McCabe Bill Chatterton Michael Leitch 350Solutions Inc.1053 E.Whitaker Mill RdSuite 115RaleighNC 27604USA XPRIZE Foundation 800 Corporate PointeSuite 350Culver CityCA 90230USA

Independent testing and verification of emerging technologies are vital parts of the technology-commercialization process.With the rapid development of carbon capture and utilization(CCU)technologies,where existing standards and certifications do not exist,independent verification approaches and guidelines can provide a means to obtain credible information for an emerging market.The ISO 14034:2016-Environmental Management:Environmental Technology Verification(ETV)standard can serve as a foundational platform to ensure the consistency,quality and credibility of data on CCU technology performance,enabling direct comparisons between technologies and reducing risk to decision-makers regarding potential investment,future deployment and ultimate impacts of CCU innovations.Applying the fundamental principles of ISO 14034 to the evaluation of nine finalist CCU technologies competing in the NRG COSIA Carbon XPRIZE ensured that data used to evaluate competitors was of high quality,consistent across technologies and met the information needs of the XPRIZE and competition judges responsible for selecting winners.The approaches outlined here,including verification parameters and verification tasks for both XPRIZE-specific technology evaluations and full CCU technology evaluation by an accredited entity in conformance with the ISO 14034 standard,provide insight into the potential benefits-methodological consistency,high-quality data,independent oversight,methodological flexibility and broad applicability-and limitations-technology readiness and applicability,verification and instrumentation costs and lack of specificity-of the approach in an application for the evaluation of emerging technologies.Further application of the ISO 14034 standard and principles,developed through a consensus approach that incorporates other developing guidelines,can drive consistency and credibility for technology-performance evaluations across the CCU sector,ultimately leading to reduced risk and improved market access for new innovations.

关键词： carbon capture CCUS chemical engineering coal energy and environment fossil energy

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Solvent Extraction in Hydrometallurgy: Present and Future

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 137-152页

作者： Gordon M. Ritcey G. M. Ritcey and Associates Inc. Ottawa Canada

During the past 10 years, there have been incremental advances in the application of solvent extraction to process hydrometallurgy. The most cited areas in the literature include chemistry, chemical engineering, pilot plants, and plant operation. Within these areas, there were considerable interest in synergism, diluents, degradation, contactors, surfactants, hydrometallurgical applications, environmental and secondary applications, and health and safety. The summary to the present is followed by a prediction for the future in the above areas of interest. These include the use of speciation; improved understanding of the role of surfactants on the system; optimization through modelling, pilot plants, and contactor selection; improvements in plant operation; further new applications; and plant safety. The review has indicated that considerable knowledge is now available to optimize and improve on process design and plant applications.

关键词： chemical engineering coalescence degradation diluents dispersion droplet size electrostaticpseudoliquid membrane environmental and secondary recovery hydrometallurgical applications

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