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chemical control OF ZETHENIA RUFESCENTARIA MOTSCH

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Journal of Northeast Forestry University 1996年第4期7卷 28-31页

作者：刘家志张国财孙洪志

Zethenia rufescentaria Motsch. has outbroken successively in the larch plantation of Jixi region and seriously damaged stands since 1990. chemical control was studied for controlling the occurrence of the pest. The results showed as follows: When the third or the forth instar larvae was controlled with smoke agent of 5% Lindane, the most suitable time was July 10-13. The area controlled was 2000 hm2. The dosage was 7.5 kg/hm2 and the mortality of the pest reached 93.5%. 25%dimilin Ⅲ (flowable formulation) was used to prevent the third instar larvae. The best time was about July 5. The dosage was 150g/hm2. The mortality of the pest reached 89.85%. 3% Hexyclan dusting was also used to control adults of the pest. The best time was before the peak of their emergence (June 3). the dosage was 11.3 kg/hm2. The mortality of the pests reached 89.6%.

关键词： Zethenia rufescentaria Motsch chemical control Occurrence regularity

Weed Occurrence and chemical control Test in Public Lawn of Suzhou Urban Area of China

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2014年第5期5卷 42-45页

作者： Qiu Xuelin Zhu Chen Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture

Weed occurrence and damage in public green lawn of Suzhou urban area was assessed using five-grade weed visual survey method. The occurrence and damage of weeds in public green lawn of Suzhou City was very common. There were totally 67 species of weeds in green lawn, with the density of 6.5 plant/m^2, the relative abundance of 7.6%, the relative coverage of 10.3%, the relative height and the occurrence frequency of 100%, and the overall damage level of weeds was above the forth level. There were 14 species of major weeds causing damage, and 15 species of weeds were found to pose regional damage. Haloxyfop-R-methyl or Ping＇an-14 could be applied to control grassy weeds in clover lawns, with the herbicidal effect above 90%. MCPA, fluroxypyr, or clopyralid could be administra- ted alone to control broadleaf weeds in Cynodon dactylon or Festuca elata lawn, with the herbicidal effect above 85%. Since the weed species in weed communities of lawn were different, the types of herbicides should be targeted, or SD additives could be added to improve the herbicidal effect.

关键词： Public lawn Weed occurrence chemical control

Effects of Straw Returning and chemical control on Occurrence Quantity of Athetis lepigone Moschler in Summer Maize Fields

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2012年第3期3卷 30-31页

作者： Lili LI Nan ZHAO Jie SHI Ansheng ZHANG Xingyuan MEN Xianhong ZHOU Qianying ZHUANG Sicong ZHANG Zhenying WANG Yi YU Institute of Plant Protection Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Key Laboratory for Plant Virology College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University Institute of Plant Protection Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests

Athetis lepigone Moschler is a new kind of insect pest occurring in summer corn production areas. By investigation, it was found especially serious in straw returning fields. In this paper, its damage status was investigated in straw returning and chemical controlled fields, respectively. The results showed that the rate of damaged plants was 82% and the maximum pest number per 100 plants was 88 heads in the straw returning fields without chemical control. The application of herbicides and pesticides had no significant effects on occurrence quantity and damage rate, but the pest number per 100 plants decreased a little compared to the fields without chemical control. In the surer er maize fields without straw returning, the application of herbicides and pesticides could significantly decrease the damage of Athetis lepigone, the rate of damaged plants was 20%, and the pest number per 100 plants was 6.

关键词： Summer maize Straw returning Athet/s lepigone Moschler chemical control

Effects of Torreya grandis Root Rot on Seedling Growth and Screening of Its chemical control Agents

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2023年第5期12卷 108-113页

作者： Lei ZHENG Xinyu RU Ziyi WAN Chao HE Xiaoyu LI Caiyun LYU Li CHEN Zhibing WAN College of Life and Environment Sciences HuangShan UniversityHuangshan 245041China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to prevent the occurrence of root rot disease in Torreya grandis and improve the yield and quality of ***.[Methods]One-year-old and two-year-old seedlings of Torreya grandis‘Xifei’and‘Cufei’were inoculated with the root rot pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi,and the changes in photosynthesis,chlorophyll content,malondialdehyde,and defense enzyme system(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase)activity in leaves of *** seedlings were investigated using water as a ***,the control effects of 80%carbendazim wettable powder,64%metalaxyl·mancozeb wettable powder,430 g/L tebuconazole suspension and 30%difenoconazole·cyproconazole EC on root rot in *** were investigated.[Results]After inoculation with the pathogen ***,the net photosynthetic rates and transpiration rates in leaves of ***‘Xifei’and‘Cufei’decreased,and the contents of chlorophyll decreased,while the contents of malondialdehyde increased,and the contents of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased with ***,peroxidase showed a high activity in ***‘Cufei’only,but a trend of"increasing-decreasing-increasing"in ***‘Xifei’.Among the four chemical control agents,64%metalaxyl·mancozeb wettable powder had the best control effect on root rot of *** caused by the pathogenic fungus ***.[Conclusions]The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,chlorophyll content,malondialdehyde content,superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity could all be used as screening indicators for *** varieties resistant to root ***,64%metalaxyl·mancozeb wettable powder could be used as a control agent for root rot on ***.

关键词： Torreya grandis Root rot disease Physiological and biochemical metabolism chemical control

chemical Weed control Faces the Chall-enge of Environmental Safety

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Chemical Weed Control Faces the Chall-enge of Environmental ...

Evaluation of Selected chemical,Biological Fungicides,and Induced Resistance to control White Rot(Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.)on Tomato

农药与环境安全国际会议

作者： Zhang Zepu(National Feed Quality Supervision and Test CenterChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081 China)

＜正＞ About 580 species of weeds have been found in crop fields in China,among which approximately 30 species are major weeds causing great crop yield losses. About 35. 8 million hectares of main crop fields are heavily infested by weeds and the annual reduction of crop yields is 12. 3%-16. 5%. Along with rural economic development,approximately 50% of the total crop cultivated areas was applied with herbicides. chemical weed control has changed cultural practices and increased crop yields,but some times caused crop phytotoxicity,weed shift and weed resistance to herbicides. For overcoming these problems, the weed management should be integrated with various effective agricultural measures.

关键词： weed chemical control agricultural measure

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2022年第2期11卷 62-69页

作者： Penghaing Ly Kim Eang Tho RabyNget Socheath Ong Chanthin Ouk Savry Poeng Phanta Seng Theary Leng Socheat Chheum Division of Research and Extension Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 120501Cambodia Faculty of Agronomy Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 120501Cambodia

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is one of the most widely grown and consumed as fresh vegetable in the *** rolfsii *** one of the most destructive diseases and affects more than 500 plant *** study was conducted for“Evaluation of Selected chemical,Biological Fungicides,and Induced Resistant to control White Rot(Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.)on Tomato”.The experiment was conducted at the Royal University of Agriculture and divided into two *** first section conducted under in vitro condition consists of four treatments T1 control treatment,T2 copper hydroxide,T3 azoxystrobin+difenoconazole,T4 metalaxyl+mancozeb in Nagoya Laboratory,and had been starting from 11st May to 15th May *** two was conducted in a pot in net-house which started from 1st January 2019 to 19th February 2019 and 1st January to 19th February 2020 and arranged in RCBD(Randomized Completely Block Design)with six replications and nine treatments.T0 negative control,T1 inoculate but not treatment,T2 metalaxyl+mancozeb,T3 azoxystrobin+difenoconazole,T4 copper hydroxide,T5 acibenzolar-S-methyl,T6 chicken dung+Trichoderma harzianum,T7 acibenzolar-S-methyl+chicken dung+Trichoderma harzianum,T8 acibenzolar-S-methyl+metalaxyl+*** were collected on colonizing diameter in *** pot experiment collected on disease incidence,incubation period Based on the result under in vitro condition metalaxyl+mancozeb highly inhibited germination of Sclerotium rolfsii when compared with another ***,the application of copper hydroxide seems less effective compared with *** in pot experiment,when treated after symptom of southern blight appeared to seem less effective on the severity of southern *** contrast,when applied as a protectant and curative when symptoms appeared only systemic fungicide azoxystrobin+difenoconazole significantly reduced the severity of Sclerotium rolfsii and delayed incubation period while compared with other treatments(p<0.0

关键词： Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. biological control Trichoderma hazianum induced resistance chemical control

Management of process performance at low water temperatures in respect of filamentous organisms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第1期16卷 113-116页

作者： WANGZeng-zhang NIUZhi-qing PELKONENMARKKU TaiyuanUniversityofTechnology China HelsinkiUniversityofTechnology Finland

The management of sludge-settling properties in Nordic conditions is of importance during the low temperature (spring) season because of the peak settler load. A survey was made in 10 Finnish waste water treatment plants(WWTP's) and the total extended filament length and DSVI in half of the plants exceeded the limits, which indicates sludge bulking(15 km/g SS and 150 ml/g respectively). The dominant organism was Microthrix parvicella, the abundance of which was 59.22% of total extended filament length on average. chemicals were tested to control the filaments, and it was found that special attention has to be paid to maintaining the nitrification at low temperature. A dosage of(H_2O_2-based) oxidants controlled the growth of Microthrix parvicella effectively and rapidly, whereas with the use of aluminium hydroxidechloride a 2 to 5-week period was needed to decrease the filament length.

关键词： low temperature activated sludge bulking Microthrix parvicella chemical control nitrification

Compatibility of early natural enemy introductions in commercial pepper and tomato greenhouses with repeated pesticide applications

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Insect Science 2020年第5期27卷 1111-1124页

作者： Beatriz Dader Ignacio Colomer Angeles Adan Pilar Medina Elisa Vinuela Unidad de Proteccion de Cultivos Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria AgronomicaAlimentaria y de Biosistemas(ETSIAAB)Universidad Polit^cnica de Madrid(UPM)MadridSpain Departamento de Ingenieria Rural Escuela Superior de IngenieriaUniversidad de AlmeriaAlmeriaSpain

Successful integrated pest management in protected crops implies an evalu-ation of the compatibility of pesticides and natural enemies(NE),as control strategies that only rely on one tactic can fail when pest populations exceed NE activity or pests become resistant to *** in Almeria(Spain),growers release NE prior to transplanting or early in the crop cycle to favor their settlement before pest arrival because this improves biocontrol efficacy,although it extends pesticide exposure *** pur-pose of this research was to evaluate the compatibility of two applications of pesticides with key NE in 2-year trials inside tomato and sweet pepper commercial greenhouses:Nesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter)(Hemiptera:Miridae),Orius laevigatus(Say)(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)and Amblyseius swirskii(Athias-Henriot)(Acari:Phytoseidac).In tomato,flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole(IOBC category 1)were compatible with ***,but chlorpyrifos.:methyl and spinosad(IOBC categories 2-3),which efectively reduced Tiuta absoluta(Meyrick)(Lepidoptera:Gelechidae)density,compromised its predatory *** sweet pepper,chlorantraniliprole(IOBC category 1)was the only pesticide compatible with *** while chlorantraniliprole,emamectin benzoate,spirote-tramat and pymetrozine were harmless(IOBC category 1)to Amblyseius swirskii,and sulfoxaflor slightly harmful(IOBC category 2)to this phytoseiid predator.

关键词： Amblyseius swirskii chemical control Frankliniella occidentalis Nesidiocoris tenuis Orius laevigatus Tuta absoluta

Transgenic Expression of a Functional Fragment of Harpin Protein Hpa1 in Wheat Represses English Grain Aphid Infestation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第12期13卷 2565-2576页

作者： XU Man-yu ZHOU Ting ZHAO Yan-ying LI Jia-bao XU Heng DONG Han-song ZHANG Chun-ling National Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University

The harpin protein Hpa1 produced by the rice bacterial blight pathogen promotes plant growth and induces plant resistance to pathogens and insect pests. The region of 10-42 residues （Hpa110-42） in the Hpa1 sequence is critical as the isolated Hpa110-42 fragment is 1.3-7.5-fold more effective than the full length in inducing plant growth and resistance. Here we report that transgenic expression of Hpa110-42 in wheat induces resistance to English grain aphid, a dominant species of wheat aphids. Hpa110-42-induced resistance is effective to inhibit the aphid behavior in plant preference at the initial colonization stage and repress aphid performances in the reproduction, nymph growth, and instar development on transgenic plants. The resistance characters are correlated with enhanced expression of defense-regulatory genes （EIN2, PP2-A, and GSL10） and consistent with induced expression of defense response genes （Hel, PDF1.2, PR-1b, and PR-2b）. As a result, aphid infestations are alleviated in transgenic plants. The level of Hpa110-42-induced resistance in regard to repression of aphid infestations is equivalent to the effect of chemical control provided by an insecticide. These results suggested that the defensive role of Hpa110-42 can be integrated into breeding germplasm of the agriculturally signiifcant crop with a great potential of the agricultural application.

关键词： Hpa110-42 transgenic wheat resistance aphids chemical control