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A review of halide charge carriers for rocking-chair and dual-ion batteries

Carbon Energy 2021年第4期3卷 627-653页

作者： Sean KSandstrom Xin Chen Xiulei Ji Department of Chemistry Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA

This review discusses how halide ion species have been used as charge carriers in both anion rocking-chair and dual-ion battery(DIB)*** anion rocking-chair batteries based on fluoride and chloride have emerged over the past decade and are garnering increased research interest due to their large theoretical energy density values and the natural abundance of halide-containing ***,DIBs that use halide species as their anionic charge carrier are seen as one of the promising next-generation battery technologies due to their low cost and high working *** numerous polyatomic anions have been studied as charge carriers,the use of single halide ions(i.e.,F−and Cl−)and metal-based superhalides(e.g.,[MgCl_(3)]−)as anionic charge carriers in DIBs has been considerably less ***,we provide an overview of some of the key advances and recent progress that has been made with regard to halide ion charge carriers in electrochemical energy *** offer our perspectives on the current state of the field and provide a roadmap in hopes that it helps researchers toward making new advances in these promising and emerging areas.

关键词： charge carrier dual-ion battery halide rocking-chair battery superhalide

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Modulating charge carriers in carbon dots toward efficient solar-to-energy conversion

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Carbon Energy 2021年第4期3卷 590-614页

作者： Namhee Kim Jiyoung Lee Minsu Gu Byeong-Su Kim Department of Chemistry Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering(BK21 FOUR) Dong-A UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea

Growing attention to the development of sustainable solar-to-energy conversion applications has resulted in the synthesis of promising and environment-friendly nanomaterials as energy *** various carbon nanomaterials,carbon dots(CDs)have received significant attention due to their excellent light absorption capability,broad absorption region,and superior photostability with enormous potential for solar energy ***,utilizing and modulating the charge carriers generated from CDs is critical for achieving a high energy conversion efficiency of ***,we focus on the distinct characteristics of CDs as energy converters from charge excitation to charge separation and transfer for various solar-to-energy applications,including photovoltaic cells,photocatalysts,and *** anticipate that this review will offer insight into the synthesis and design of novel nanocomposites with a fundamental analysis of the photochemical properties and future development of energy conversion devices.

关键词： carbon dots charge carrier energy conversion photocatalyst photoelectrocatalyst

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State-of-the-art advances in vacancy defect engineering of graphitic carbon nitride for solar water splitting

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Journal of Semiconductors 2023年第8期44卷 16-34页

作者： Jie Li Kaige Huang Yanbin Huang Yumin Ye Marcin Ziółek Zhijie Wang Shizhong Yue Mengmeng Ma Jun Liu Kong Liu Shengchun Qu Zhi Zhao Yanjun Zhang Zhanguo Wang College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Handan UniversityHandan 056005China Hebei International Joint Research Center for Computational Optical Imaging and Intelligent Sensing Hebei International Joint Research Center for Computational Optical Imaging and Intelligent SensingSchool of Mathematics and Physics Science and EngineeringHebei University of EngineeringHandan 056038China Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices Beijing 100083China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Faculty of Physics Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan61-614 PoznanPoland Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Water Security Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Groundwater Pollution Control and RemediationCenter for Water ResearchAdvanced Institute of Natural SciencesBeijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhai 519087China

Developing low-cost,efficient,and stable photocatalysts is one of the most promising methods for large-scale solar water *** a metal-free semiconductor material with suitable band gap,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has attracted attention in the field of photocatalysis,which is mainly attributed to its fascinating physicochemical and photoelectronic ***,several inherent limitations and shortcomings—involving high recombination rate of photocarriers,insufficient reaction kinetics,and optical absorption—impede the practical applicability of g-C_(3)N_(4).As an effective strategy,vacancy defect engineering has been widely used for breaking through the current limitations,considering its ability to optimize the electronic structure and surface morphology of g-C_(3)N_(4) to obtain the desired photocatalytic *** review summarizes the recent progress of vacancy defect engineered g-C_(3)N_(4) for solar water *** fundamentals of solar water splitting with g-C_(3)N_(4) are discussed *** then focus on the fabrication strategies and effect of vacancy generated in g-C_(3)N_(4).The advances of vacancy-modified g-C_(3)N_(4) photocatalysts toward solar water splitting are discussed ***,the current challenges and future opportunities of vacancy-modified g-C_(3)N_(4) are *** review aims to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for future research on the design and development of highly efficient defective g-C_(3)N_(4).

关键词： g-C_(3)N_(4) vacancy defect water splitting photocatalyst charge carrier

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Temporal pulsed x-ray response of CdZnTe:In detector

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第12期27卷 450-454页

作者： Rong-Rong Guo Ya-Dong Xu Gang-Qiang Zha Tao Wang Wan-Qi Jie School of Optoelectronic and Communication Engineering Xiamen University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU)

The temporal response of cadmium-zinc-telluride(CZT) crystals is evaluated at room temperature by using an ultrafast-pulsed x-ray source. The dynamics of carrier relaxation in a CZT single crystal is modeled at a microscopic level based on a multi-trapping effect. The effects of the irradiation flux and bias voltage on the amplitude and full width at half maximum(FWHM) of the transient currents are investigated. It is demonstrated that the temporal response process is affected by defect level occupation fraction. A fast photon current can be achieved under intense pulsed x-ray irradiation to be up to 2.78×10~9 photons mm-2·s-1. Meanwhile, it is found that high bias voltage could enhance carrier detrapping by suppressing the capture of structure defects and thus improve the temporal response of CZT detectors.

关键词： CdZnTe ultrafast-pulsed x-rays transient current charge carrier

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Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity over MoS_2/ZnIn_2S_4 microspheres

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2017年第12期38卷 2067-2075页

作者： Bo Chai Chun Liu Chunlei Wang Juntao Yan Zhandong Ren School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 Hubei China

MoS2/ZnIn2S4composites with MoS2anchored on the surface of ZnIn2S4microspheres were synthesized by a two‐step hydrothermal *** obtained samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy,high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy,nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements,photoluminescence spectroscopy,and photoelectrochemical *** influence of the loading of MoS2on the photocatalytic H2evolution activity was investigated using lactic acid as a sacrificial reagent.A H2evolution rate of343μmol/h was achieved under visible light irradiation over the1wt%MoS2/ZnIn2S4composite,corresponding to an apparent quantum efficiency of about3.85%at420nm monochromatic *** marked improvement of the photocatalytic H2evolution activity compared with ZnIn2S4can be ascribed to efficient transfer and separation of photogenerated charge carriers and facilitation of the photocatalytic H2evolution reaction at the MoS2active sites.

关键词： Composite Cocatalyst Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution charge carrier Separation

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A New Electrostatic Generator Driven by Only an Electric Field of an Electret

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2021年第12期13卷 161-171页

作者： Katsuo Sakai Electrostatic Generator Laboratory Yokohama Japan

Today, the sun is a very useful source of energy because it continuously radiates energy. An electron is radiating energy continuously, too. A new electrostatic generating method using this electric field energy from electrons as a driving force of charge carriers was invented, and its success was presented on ESA 2017 and ESA 2019. This new electrostatic generator was realized by asymmetric electrostatic force, which is a new phenomenon. Unfortunately, its experimental success rate was rare. Therefore, the cause was searched by many experiments. Finally, it became apparent that the acceleration force of the charge carrier was not stronger than the deceleration force of the charge carrier with this experimental equipment. Therefore, the electrode arrangement of this equipment was improved. As a result, the acceleration force was increased, and the deceleration force was decreased. Then, the experimental success rate became 100%.

关键词： Electrostatic Generator Electret Asymmetric Electrostatic Force charge carrier Asymmetric Shape charged Conductor

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