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Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman Jason Lynch Christopher E.Stevens Christopher Munley Chentao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington Francis Coen Kevin Li Arka Majumdar PJames Schuck Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan Joshua R.Hendrickson Deep Jariwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical cavity.In the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the excitons.However,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain unclear.Here,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P modes.These E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and emission.Through varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–Ps.Finally,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at interfaces.Our findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

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Shape optimisation of basin insulator for DC gas insulated switchgear/gas insulated transmission lines based on artificial bee colony algorithm

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High Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 275-286页

作者： Yi Luo Shiyi Mao Ju Tang Zijun Pan Cheng Pan State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection School of Electrical Engineering and AutomationWuhan UniversityWuhanChina

The surface charge accumulation on the basin insulator is a particular problem in high-voltage direct current(HVDC)gas insulated switchgears(GIS)and gas insulated trans-mission lines(GIL),which restricts the development and application of extra/ultra high-voltage(EHV/UHV)technology.The surface charge distribution and anti-flashover performance are closely related to the insulator shape.To obtain the optimal basin insulator,a shape optimisation model based on artificial bee colony algorithm was established,and the minimisation objective functions based on capacitive(initial)electric field distribution and resistive(steady-state)electric field distribution were respectively constructed.The optimisation results of the two objective functions were calculated,and the electric field and charge distribution on the surface of the insulator before and after optimisation were evaluated and compared using the simulation model.The results indicated that the optimisation based on the capacitive electric field can significantly inhibit the surface charge accumulation,and the optimised insulator can significantly reduce the surface normal electric field and make the distribution of the tangential electric field more uniform,and the maximum tangential electric field can be reduced by 10%;the optimisation based on resistive electric field can achieve similar results,but requires more computational resources.Based on the results,the‘anti-charge’basin insulator structure suitable for the DC field was given.

关键词： insulator artificial charge

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Single-atom-mediated electron islands boost photocatalytic CO_(2)chemical fixation

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2292-2299页

作者： Shu Shang Lei Li Xin He Hui Wang Lirong Zheng Wei Shao Xiaodong Zhang Yi Xie Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefei 230031China Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hefei Normal UniversityHefei 230031China

Photocatalytic cycloadditions of CO_(2)with epoxides are emerging as a significant platform for the green synthesis of valuable carbonates,where efficient catalytic systems with spatially separated charge carriers are demanded.Herein,a single p-block metal atom is proposed to be a candidate for photogenerated electron localization on a metal oxide substrate.By taking the Bi single-atom supported on ZnO nanosheet(Bi1/ZnO)as an example,we show that the Bi atom plays the role of an electron island in the sea of delocalized holes within ZnO.Meanwhile,the as-formed electron island could readily promote the rate-determining ring-opening process of cycloaddition reactions.Benefiting from the unique spatially separated electrons and holes,the Bi1/ZnO achieves a high yield of cyclic carbonates with almost 100%selectivity.This study provides a pioneering strategy for enhancing the performances of photocatalytic CO_(2)chemical fixation.

关键词： electron islands CO_(2)photofixation photogenerated charge carriers

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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe Lance Labun Stephen Milton Edward McCary Michael M.Spinks Hernan J.Quevedo Ou Z.Labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano Jose A.Franco-Altamirano Martin L.Ringuette Erhart Gaul Scott V.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl Todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce Michael E.Donovan Michael C.Downer Dino A.Jaroszynski Bjorn Manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma waves.Under appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic velocities.This scheme is called a laser wakefield accelerator.In this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the wakefields.We find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms divergence.It can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

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揭示S型电荷转移机理

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物理化学学报 2024年第4期40卷 1-3页

作者：余维来别传彪 Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA 中国地质大学(武汉)材料与化学学院太阳燃料实验室武汉430078

The photoconversion efficiency of semiconductor photocatalysts is severely hindered by uncontrolled recombination of photogenerated charge carriers 1-5.Investigating charge transfer dynamics and achieving manipulative... 详细信息

关键词：电荷转移 charge separation

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Erratum to:Influence of structural defects on charge density waves in 1T-TaS_(2)

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2204-2204页

作者： Iaroslav Lutsyk Karol Szalowski Pawel Krukowski Pawel Dabrowski Maciej Rogala Witold Kozlowski Maxime Le Ster Michal Piskorski Dorota A.Kowalczyk Wojciech Rys Rafal Dunal Aleksandra Nadolska Klaudia Toczek Przemyslaw Przybysz Ewa Lacinska Johannes Binder Andrzej Wysmolek Natalia Olszowska Jacek J.Kolodziej Martin Gmitra Takuma Hattori Yuji Kuwahara Guang Bian Tai-Chang Chiang Pawel J.Kowalczyk Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics University of LodzPomorska 149/15390-236 LodzPoland Faculty of Physics University of WarsawPasteura 502-093 WarsawPoland Faculty of Physics Astronomyand Applied Computer ScienceJagiellonian UniversityLojasiewicza 1130-348 KrakowPoland National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS Jagiellonian UniversityCzerwone Maki 9830-392 KrakówPoland Institute of Physics Faculty of SciencePavol JozefŠafárik University in KošicePark Angelinum 904001 KošiceSlovakia Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of SciencesWatsonova 4704001 KošiceSlovakia Department of Precision Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2-1 Yamada-okaSuita 565-0871Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of MissouriColumbiaMissouri 65211USA Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801-3080USA

The name of the second author in original paper was unfortunately misspelled.It should be“Karol Szalowski”,instead of“Karoli Szalowski”.

关键词： structural charge defects

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Mathematical Wave Functions and 3D Finite Element Modelling of the Electron and Positron

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1134-1162页

作者： Declan Traill Melbourne Australia

The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.

关键词： Electron Positron Wave Function Solution Electromagnetic Spin Mass charge Proof Fundamental Particle Properties Quantum Mechanics Classical Physics Computer 3D Model Schrödinger Equation RMS Klein Gordon Electric Magnetic Lorentz Invariant Hertzian Vector Point Potential Field Density Phase Flow Attraction Repulsion Shell Theorem Ehrenfest Virial Normalization Harmonic Oscillator

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Direct Derivation of the Neutrino Mass

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 621-646页

作者： Volodymyr Krasnoholovets Department of Theoretical Physics Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine

In this paper, the submicroscopic deterministic concept developed by the author is applied to the problem of the neutrino mass. A particle appears from space considered as a mathematical lattice of primary topological balls, and induces a deformation coat in its surrounding. The principles of the interaction of particles with space and through space between themselves are considered in detail. The approach states that real quarks possess only an integer charge (±e) and when moving they periodically change to the monopole state (⇄g) and hence, canonical particles are dynamic dyons. A neutrino emerges as a squeezed quark when it is in a monopole state, or in other words, the quark monopole state (a bubble in the tessellattice) is transferred to the appropriate lepton monopole state (a speck in the tessellattice). The self-mass (a “rest” mass) for each neutrino flavour is calculated. The calculated value of the self-mass for the electron anti-neutrino is 1.22873978 × 10-36 kg = 0.68927247 eV/c2. The concept of neutrino oscillations is revised, and another postulation is proposed, namely, that the transition from lighter to heavier flavors is due to the inelastic scattering of neutrinos on oncoming scatterers. As a result, the neutrino captures the mass defect, becomes heavier, and therefore the transitions Ve⟶Vμ and Vμ⟶Vτ occur;thus, the number of light neutrinos decreases in the neutrino flux studied.

关键词： charge Inerton Mass Defect Monopole Neutrino Space Tessellattice

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Dielectric Manipulated charge Dynamics in Contact Electrification

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Research 2022年第2期2022卷 295-306页

作者： Kunming Shi Bin Chai Haiyang Zou Daomin Min Shengtao Li Pingkai Jiang Xingyi Huang Depurtment of Polymer Science and Eninering Shanghait Key Laboratoy of Elctrcal lsuaiono and Thermal Aging State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix CompositesShanghai Hiao Tong UniversiyShanghai 200240China School of Materials Science and Enginering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332-0245USA State Key Laboratory of Eletrical Insulation and Power Equipmenl Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710049China

Surface charge density has been demostrated to be sigiantly impacted by the detric properties of tibomaterals.However,the ambiguous physical mechanism of dielectric manipulated charge behavior still restricts the construction of high performance tribomaterials.Here,using the atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy,an in situ method was conducted to investigate the contact letrification and charge dynamics on a typical tribomaterial(ie,BaTiOj/PVDF-TrFE nanocomposite)at nanoscale.Combined with the characterization of triboelectric device at macroscale,it is found that the number of transferred electrons increases with contact force/area and tends to reach saturation under increased friction cycles.The incorporated high permittivity BaTiO,nanoparticles enhance the capacitance and electron trapping capability of the nanocomposites,eficiently inhibiting the lateral difusion of electrons and improving the output performance of the triboelectric devices.Exponential decay of the surface potential is observed over monitoring time for all dielectric samples.At high BaTiO,loadings,more electrons can drift into the bulk and combine with the induced charges on the back electrode,forming a large leakage current and accordingly accelerating the electron dissipation.Hence,the charge trapping/storing and dissipating,as well as the charge attracting properties,should be comprehensively considered in the design of high-performance tribomateras.

关键词： charge trapping dielectric

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POD Nanozyme optimized by charge separation engineering for light/pH activated bacteria catalytic/photodynamic therapy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第4期7卷 1334-1342页

作者： Changyu Cao Tingbo Zhang Nan Yang Xianghong Niu Zhaobo Zhou Jinlan Wang Dongliang Yang Peng Chen Liping Zhong Xiaochen Dong Yongxiang Zhao Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLOFE)and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanjing Tech University(NanjingTech)Nanjing 211816China School of Physics Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore 637459Singapore National Center for International Biotargeting Theranostics Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting TheranosticsCollaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor TheranosticsGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi 530021China

The current feasibility of nanocatalysts in clinical anti-infection therapy,especially for drug-resistant bacteria infection is extremely restrained because of the insufficient reactive oxygen generation.Herein,a novel Ag/Bi2MoO6(Ag/BMO)nanozyme optimized by charge separation engineering with photoactivated sustainable peroxidase-mimicking activities and NIR-II photodynamic performance was synthesized by solvothermal reaction and photoreduction.The Ag/BMO nanozyme held satisfactory bactericidal performance against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)(~99.9%).The excellent antibacterial performance of Ag/BMO NPs was ascribed to the corporation of peroxidase-like activity,NIR-II photodynamic behavior,and acidity-enhanced release of Ag^(+).As revealed by theoretical calculations,the introduction of Ag to BMO made it easier to separate photo-triggered electronhole pairs for ROS production.And the conduction and valence band potentials of Ag/BMO NPs were favorable for the reduction of O_(2) to·O_(2)^(−).Under 1064 nm laser irradiation,the electron transfer to BMO was beneficial to the reversible change of Mo^(5+)/Mo^(6+),further improving the peroxidase-like catalytic activity and NIR-II photodynamic performance based on the Russell mechanism.In vivo,the Ag/BMO NPs exhibited promising therapeutic effects towards MRSA-infected wounds.This study enriches the nanozyme research and proves that nanozymes can be rationally optimized by charge separation engineering strategy.

关键词： mechanism. separation charge

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