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Effects of dissolved oxygen and nutrients from the Kuroshio on hypoxia off the changjiang river estuary

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第2期40卷 515-529页

作者： Di TIAN Feng ZHOU Wenyan ZHANG Han ZHANG Xiao MA Xinyu GUO State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Observation and Research Station of Yangtze river Delta Marine Ecosystems Ministry of Natural ResourcesZhoushan 316022China Ocean College Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China Institute of Coastal Research Helmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtGeesthacht 21502Germany Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Center for Marine Environmental Study Ehime UniversityMatsuyama 790-8577Japan

The intrusion of the Kuroshio into the East China Sea(ECS)aff ects the development of hypoxia off the changjiang(Yangtze)river estuary;however,quantitative analysis of its impacts is lacking.In this study,the Regional Ocean Modeling Systems(ROMS)model coupled with the Carbon,Silicate and Nitrogen Ecosystem(CoSiNE)model was used to investigate the relative importance of dissolved oxygen(DO)and diff erent nutrients(silicate,nitrate,and phosphate)in the Kuroshio on hypoxia in the ECS.Results show that changes in DO concentrations in the Kuroshio modify the distribution and intensity of hypoxia through direct onshore transport by hydrodynamic processes.An increase in Kuroshio DO concentration by 25%or 50%would result in a decrease of the maximum hypoxia extent(MHE)in the ECS by 76%or 86%,respectively,while a 25%decrease in Kuroshio DO would increase the MHE by up to 219%.The contribution of DO in the Taiwan Strait is almost negligible.In contrast to Kuroshio DO,nutrients aff ect hypoxia in the ECS through onshore transport by hydrodynamic and biochemical processes.Changes in phosphate and nitrate concentrations by 25%in the Kuroshio would change the MHE by up to 30%and 18%,respectively,accompanied by apparent changes in surface chlorophyll-a concentrations.The eff ect of silicate on hypoxia is negligible because a 25%change in silicate concentrations in the Kuroshio would result in less than 1%change in the MHE.Our results reveal a hierarchical rank of importance for environmental variables in the Kuroshio(i.e.,DO>phosphate>nitrate>silicate)in modifying the development of hypoxia in the ECS.

关键词： hypoxia Kuroshio changjiang river estuary East China Sea dissolved oxygen nutrient

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Simulating the influence of various nutrient sources on hypoxia off the changjiang river estuary

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第11期41卷 58-72页

作者： Jingjing Zheng Shan Gao Guimei Liu Yun Li Zhijie Li Xueming Zhu National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterBeijing 100081China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519080China

Hypoxia is increasingly reported off the changjiang river estuary with the confluence of multiple high volume nutrient sources.The Regional Ocean Modeling System coupled with a biological model was used to analyze the effect of different nutrient sources on the development of hypoxia off the changjiang river estuary.By comparing to observed data,our model suitably captured the regional dynamics of chlorophyll a,dissolved oxygen,and nutrient concentration.A series of sensitivity experiments were conducted to investigate the hypoxia response to the various nutrient sources,such as loading from the changjiang river,Kuroshio and Taiwan Warm Current.Our model results indicated that nutrients from different sources significantly influenced the hypoxia off the changjiang river estuary,and it was mostly affected by nutrients sourced from the Kuroshio.The nutrients input from the changjiang river had larger impacts on the hypoxia in the north of 30°N than that in the south of 30°N.The nutrients sourced from the Taiwan Strait had a least influence on the hypoxia off the changjiang river estuary.

关键词： hypoxia nutrient different source changjiang river estuary

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Spatiotemporal changes of biogenic elements in the changjiang river estuary and adjacent waters in summer over the last decade

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第1期42卷 83-90页

作者： Lu Yang Yujia Zhang Xiaoli Wang Qiulu Wang Long He Xiao Li National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin300171China

The long-term spatiotemporal changes of surface biogenic elements in the changjiang river estuary and adjacent waters during the summer of 2008–2016 were analyzed in this study.The concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),soluble reactive phosphate(PO_(4)^(3−))and silicate(SiO_(3)^(2−))were generally stable,with a slight decrease of DIN and PO_(4)^(3−),and a slight increase of SiO_(3)^(2−),which mainly occurred in the estuarine waters.The grey correlation analysis was carried out between biogenic elements and chlorophyll a(Chl-a).Results showed that compared with the absolute values of biogenic elements,the correlations between the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus(N/P),ratio of silicon to nitrogen(Si/N)and Chl-a were closer,indicating the important influence on phytoplankton by the structure of biogenic elements.The study area was generally in a state of potential P limitation,and could have potential impact on the phytoplankton community,triggering the shift of red tide dominant species from diatoms to dinoflagellates.

关键词： changjiang river estuary biogenic elements spatiotemporal changes

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Archaeal diversity in the seawater of changjiang river estuary reveals its adaptability to bottom seawaters

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第3期40卷 1051-1069页

作者： Yan HUANG Wu QU Yingping FAN Jianxin WANG Marine Microorganism Ecological&Application Lab. Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022China

Archaea regulate the biogeochemical processes of ocean systems.The changjiang(Yangtze)river estuary(CRE) is a complex and dynamic area strongly affected by seawaters and ocean currents.In this study,the planktonic archaeal communities in the surface and bottom seawaters of the CRE were investigated.Significant differences in the archaeal community composition were found between the surface and bottom seawaters(P<0.001).Marine Group Ⅱ(MG-Ⅱ) was dominant in the surface layers,and Nitrosopumilales was enriched in the bottom layers.Marine Group Ⅲ(MG-Ⅲ) was more abundant in the bottom layers than in the surface ones(P<0.001).These results were completely different from previous findings in the CRE seawater.Instead of dissolved oxygen(DO),temperature and salinity were the most vital environmental variations in the distribution of the archacal communities.According to the predicted metabolic pathways,the following functional subcategories were enriched in the hypoxic condition:replication and repair,membrane transport,glycan biosynthesis and metabolism,amino acid metabolism,metabolism of cofactors and vitamins,and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism(P<0.001),which indicated the strong adaptability of archaea to the harsh environment in the bottom seawater.These findings expand the understanding on archaeal structure and functions in the surface and bottom seawaters,including the hypoxic zones in the CRE,and may contribute to further works of the archaeal community in the CRE.

关键词： archaeal communities adaptability predicted metabolism hypoxic zone changjiang river estuary

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Vertical structure of tidal currents in the Xuliujing Section of changjiang river estuary

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第2期42卷 44-55页

作者： Zhigao Chen Ya Ban Xiaoye Chen Dajun Li Shengping Wang Faculty of Geomatics East China University of TechnologyNanchang330013China Chongqing Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection Chongqing401120China Nanjing White Shark Surveying and Mapping Technology Co. LtdNanjing210038China Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application Ministry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou510300China

Three long-term fixed acoustic Doppler current profilers were first used for investigating the vertical structure of tidal currents in Xuliujing Section of changjiang river estuary.Moreover,three different periods(spring,summer and fall)were also considered for investigating seasonal variations.The semi-diurnal tides were the most energetic,with along-channel speed of up to 80 cm/s for M_(2)constituent,which dominates at all stations with percent energy up to 65%–75%during seasons.The shape of tidal ellipses of the most energetic semi-diurnal constituent M_(2)showed obvious polarization of the flow paralleling to the riverbank,with the minor semi-axis being generally less than 20%of the major one.The maximum velocity of mean current is appeared in top layers at all the three stations,and the velocity decreased with the depth.The seasonal variations of direction are also observed,which is probably caused by complex local topography since the erosion and deposition in riverbed.Observed vertical variation of four parameters of M_(2)ellipses,agreed well with the optimally fit frictional solutions in top and middle layers.However,there was an obvious difference between frictional model and observed data in the lower water column.Discrepancies are probably on account of stratification,which strengthens in summer and fall due to the freshening influence of the changjiang river estuary outflow.

关键词： vertical structure seasonal variations tidal current mean current acoustic Doppler current profiler changjiang river estuary

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Diatom-based dissolved inorganic nitrogen reconstruction in the changjiang river estuary and its adjacent areas

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第4期41卷 1464-1480页

作者： Xin FAN Fangjin CHENG Zhiming YU Xiuxian SONG College of Naval Architecture and Port Engineering Shandong Jiaotong UniversityWeihai 264209China CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Environmental Monitoring Center of Qingdao Qingdao 266003China

A five-component weighted average partial least squares(WA-PLS)calibration model was developed by analysing diatom assemblages in 34 surface sediment samples(collected in 2015)from the changjiang river estuary(CRE)and its adjacent areas to infer dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)concentrations.Eighteen additional sets of surface sediment diatoms and corresponding upper water DIN data(collected in 2012)were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model,and the relationship between observed and diatom-inferred DIN(DI-DIN)values(R2=0.85)illustrated the strong performance of the transfer function,indicating that precise reconstructions of former DIN are possible.The diatom-DIN transfer function was applied to the diatom record from a sediment core DH8-2(1962‒2012)collected in the Fujian-Zhejiang area south of the CRE.The reconstruction based on the DI-DIN model showed a significant DIN increase from 1962-2012,reflecting the influence of human activities on the very large increase in eutrophication.Three distinct periods can be seen from the changes in DIN and diatom taxa.In the 1962-1972 period,the DIN content was relatively low,with an average of 5.94μmol/L,and more than 80%of the diatom species identified were benthic taxa.In the 1972-2004 period,as the impact of human activities intensified,large nutrient inputs caused the DIN content to increase,with an average of 8.25μmol/L.The nutrient inputs also caused a significant change in the nutrient components and a distinct increase in small planktonic taxa.In the 2004-2012 period,the DIN content continued to rise,fluctuating at approximately 10μmol/L.A continuous increase in the frequency of planktonic taxa(up to 65.48%)indicated that eutrophication was further intensified,which was confirmed by the transformation from diatom-induced red tide to dinoflagellate-induced red tide during this period.

关键词： changjiang river estuary dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)reconstruction diatoms transfer function

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Prokaryotic diversity and community composition in the surface sediments of the changjiang river estuary in summer

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第9期42卷 113-124页

作者： Changfeng Qu Xixi Wang Liping Zhang Huamao Yuan Xuegang Li Ning Li Fushan Chen Jinlai Miao Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042China Marine Natural Products R&D Laboratory Qingdao Key LaboratoryQingdao 266061China

Microorganisms are fundamental for the functioning of marine ecosystems and are involved in the decomposition of organic matter, transformation of nutrients and circulation of biologically-important chemicals. Based on the complexity of the natural geographic characteristics of the changjiang river estuary, the geographic distribution of sedimentary microorganisms and the causes of this distribution are largely unexplored. In this work, the surface sediment samples from the adjacent sea area of the changjiang river estuary were collected. Their prokaryotic diversity was examined by high-throughput sequencing technology, and the environmental factors of the bacterial community were investigated. The results indicated that the distribution of prokaryotic communities in the sediments of the study areas showed obvious spatial heterogeneity. The sampling sequences divided the sample regions into three distinct clusters. Each geographic region had a unique community structure, although Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota all existed in these three branches. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that prokaryotic diversity and community distribution were significantly correlated with the geographic location of sediment, seawater depth, and in particular, nutrient content(e.g., total phosphorus, total organic carbon and dissolved oxygen). Moreover, it was found for the first time that the metal ions obviously affected the composition and distribution of the prokaryotic community in this area. In general, this work provides new insights into the structural characteristics and driving factors of prokaryotic communities under the background of the ever-changing changjiang river estuary.

关键词： prokaryotic diversity 16S rRNA gene geophysicochemical factors high-throughput sequencing(HTS) changjiang river estuary

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Distribution patterns of phytoplankton in the changjiang river estuary and adjacent waters in spring 2009

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2016年第5期34卷 902-914页

作者：孔凡洲徐子钧于仁成袁涌铨周名江 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266071 China North China Sea Monitoring Centre Qingdao 266033 China

The changjiang river estuary and adjacent waters are one of the most notable regions for red tides/harmful algal blooms in China's coastal waters.In this study,phytoplankton samples were collected and analyzed during the outbreak stage of red tides in May 2009.It was found that dinoflagellates,Prorocentrum donghaiense and Karenia mikimotoi,and diatoms,Skeletonema spp.and Paralia sulcata,were the major taxa dominating the phytoplankton community.Cluster analysis,non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS) and analysis of similarities(ANOSIM) was conducted on a data matrix including taxa composition and cell abundance of the phytoplankton samples.The analyses categorized the samples into three groups at a similarity level of 30%.Group Ⅰ was characterized by estuarine diatoms and distributed mainly in the highly turbid estuarine region.Group Ⅱ,which was dominated by the diatom Skeletonema spp.and represented the red tide of Skeletonema spp.,was situated around Group Ⅰ in the sea area west of 122°50'E.Group Ⅲ was characterized by a high proportion of dinoflagellates and was found further offshore compared with Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Group Ⅲ was further divided into two subgroups(Ⅲ-S1 and Ⅲ-S2) at a similarity level of 40%.Group Ⅲ-S1 was characterized by the presence of the benthic diatom P.sulcata,representing phytoplankton samples collected either from the bottom or from the sea area affected by upwelling.GroupⅢ-S2 was dominated by dinoflagellates and represented red tides formed by P.donghaiense and K.mikimotoi.A gradual change of red-tide causative species was observed from the estuary to the offshore sea area,from diatoms to armored dinoflagellates and then unarmored dinoflagellates.Environmental factors associated with each group,and thus affecting the distribution of phytoplankton and red tides,are discussed.

关键词： phytoplankton cluster analysis red tide distribution changjiang river estuary

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Alteration of estuarine circulation pattern due to channel modification in the North Passage of the changjiang river estuary

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第1期40卷 162-172页

作者： Lei Zhu Xiaodong Chen Zhimo Wu School of Marine Science Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519090China

The exchange flow structure was examined in the North Passage of changjiang river estuary,where a deep waterway project(DWP)was carried out to improve the navigability.Before the construction of the DWP,the friction effect played a significant role in shaping the transverse structure of the exchange flow.The turbulent eddy viscosity generated near the seabed can be transferred to the upper water column,which facilitated vertical momentum exchange.As a result,the landward inflow extended to–2 m below the water surface and the seaward outflow was concentrated on the shallow shoal on the southern side of the cross section.After the construction of the DWP,the turbulent mixing was suppressed as a result of density stratification.The friction felt by the water was constrained in the lower half of the water column and the vertical momentum exchange was reduced.Meanwhile,the channel became dynamically narrowed with a Kelvin number of 0.52.Therefore,the Coriolis played a minor role in shaping the transverse structure of the exchange flow.As a consequence,the exchange flow featured a vertically-sheared pattern,with outflow at the surface and inflow underneath.Additionally,the gravitational circulation was enhanced due to increase in along-channel density gradient and stratification.The exchange flow components associated with the lateral processes(residual currents induced by eddy viscosityshear covariance and lateral advective acceleration)were reduced,which suggests that lateral processes played a minor role in modifying the along-channel dynamics when the estuary becomes dynamically-narrowed.

关键词： exchange flow stratification lateral circulation changjiang river estuary

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On new species and records of Hydroidomedusae from the changjiang river estuary and its adjacent waters

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2007年第1期26卷 77-83页

作者： XU Zhenzu HUANG Jiaqi LIU Guangxing Department of Oceanography Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology of Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China

Forty-nine species of Hydroidomedusae are identified. Two new species and new records are described.

关键词： Hydroidomedusae taxonomy changjiang river estuary

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